Intramedullary myelitis due to bacterial meningitis associated with cervical epidural abscess is very rare. Its cause and clinical features are non-specific, therefore exact diagnosis is often missed or mistaken for other disease and immediate treatment may be delayed. We report a case of intramedullary myelitis due to epidural abscess presented with prominent symptoms of meningitis and manifestations of acute cerebrovacular accident. A 69 -year-old man was admitted due to right hemicranial headache with pain on right posterior neck and febrile sensation. At first, the patient's headache was improved by conservative therapy. Three weeks later, the patient showed abrupt right hemiparesis (MRC grade 2/5) with drowsy mentality. The CSF findings of the patient were compatible with acute bacterial meningitis. Cervical spine MRI showed cervical epidural abscess and extensive intramedullary myelitis from cervical to lumbar spinal cord. After antibiotic therapy, mentality of the patient became to be alert and right hemiparesis was improved to MRC grade 4/5. Follow up cervical spine MRI after several weeks represented that the lesions of cervical epidural abscess and intramedullary myelitis were significantly diminished.
Diagnosis ; Epidural Abscess* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningitis ; Meningitis, Bacterial* ; Myelitis* ; Neck ; Paresis ; Sensation ; Spinal Cord ; Spine

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of the experience of maintaining employment for people with mental disabilities. METHODS: The research design was a descriptive design using Q-methodology, which is a method of measuring subjectivity. Twenty-one participants classified 34 selected Q-statements on a nine-point scale to create a normal distribution. The PC-QUANL software program(a factor analysis program for the Q technique) was used to analyze the Q-sort data. RESULTS: Three types were extracted that described different expressions of the experience of maintaining employment for people with mental disabilities; these types explained 52.3% of the total variance. Type I is ‘Workplace support’, Type II is ‘Self-management’, Type III is ‘Experience integration’. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide an understanding that there are different types of experiences for maintaining employment for people with mental disabilities and each type has certain characteristics. In future studies, it would be helpful to develop customized nursing interventions for psychiatric nurses while occupational rehabilitation services are being provided.
Employment* ; Humans ; Mentally Disabled Persons* ; Methods ; Nursing ; Q-Sort ; Rehabilitation ; Research Design

To determine the relationship between hypertension and nutrient intake cross-sectional study were performed in a rural area. Adult resident over 30-year-old age were measured blood pressure and body mass index(BMI), and interviewed about food intake for the previous 24 hours. 250 men and 297 women participated the survey. Significant correlation was shown in men between mean systolic blood pressure and protein density. Significant correlation with mean diastolic blood pressure was shown on protein density, protein energy(%), calcium density and energy-adjusted protein in men. We analysed risk factor for hypertension adjust the effect of age, BMI, sex and family history by multiple logistic regression. Protein density(odds ratio=3.18), fat density(odds ratio=1.94) and energy-adjusted protein(odds ratio=1.01) intake were positively associated with hypertension but sodium density(odds ratio=0.73) was shown to have inverse relationship.
Adult* ; Blood Pressure ; Calcium ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Sodium

No abstract available.
Dysarthria ; Skull ; Skull Base ; Tongue

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study are to review the literature on quality of life intervention programs and to recommend further research and clinical considerations to improve the quality of life among patients with schizophrenia. METHODS: Three electronic databases - PubMed, CHINAHL and RISS - were searched using the search terms of “schizophrenia” AND “quality of life” AND “intervention*” OR “program*.” The search was limited to studies published in English and Korean. RESULTS: Ten studies were selected for the final analysis and evaluated in terms of contextual and methodological quality. The 10 studies consisted of 5 randomized controlled trials, 4 quasi-experimental studies, and 1 case report. The selected studies utilized an educational program, art and music therapy, physical activity therapy, and community-based integrated programs to alleviate psychological symptoms and showed effectiveness in improving quality of life. CONCLUSION: Interdisciplinary interventions and programs using multiple components reduced psychological symptoms and improved the quality of life of patients with schizophrenia.
Humans ; Motor Activity ; Music Therapy ; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Quality of Life ; Schizophrenia

Purpose: This study was conducted to review the web-based trauma-education programs for mental-health professionals reported in English and Korean. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using the PubMed, CINALH, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Web of Science, RISS, KISS, NDSL, US National Library of Medicine, Clinical Research Information Service, and Virginia Henderson International Nursing Library. The database search identified 11,852 articles. The selection of articles involved a three-phase process, in which duplications were identified and, titles and abstracts of retrieved articles were determined according to inclusion criteria, followed by full-text reading of articles identified. Finally, a total of three studies were included in this review, which published in the United States in 2011, 2014, and 2019. One was a pilot randomized controlled trial and two were pre- and post- studies. Only one included nurses as participants. Selected studies were rated for quality assessment using the Risk of Bias tool of Cochrane’s collaboration. Results: Although the specific content of the programs was unknown, they improved mental health professionals' knowledge level, performance confidence, satisfaction, and education-completion rate. Conclusion More well-designed studies are needed of the optimal content for web-based education programs in mediating trauma for a broad spectrum of mental-health professionals.

No abstract available.
Brain ; Brain Injuries ; Bruxism

PURPOSE: The aims of this study was to verify the validity and reliability of the Attitudes Towards Suicide (ATTS) scale for Korean adults.METHODS: Participants were 441 adults in South Korea, who completed in a self-reported online survey of ATTS. A total of 37 items were used for conducting item analyses, exploratory factor analyses, and confirmatory factor analyses, as well as examining the internal consistency.RESULTS: Based on findings of item reduction and exploratory factor analyses, three factors were identified based on 16 items, such as ‘acceptability (7 items)‘, ‘understandability (5 items)‘, and ‘tabooing (4 items)‘. These factors accounted for 49.4% of the total variance of ATTS. Known-groups, item convergent, and item discriminant validity were confirmed; Fitness of the modified mode was acceptable (χ²=375.51, CFI=.84, TLI=.81, GFI=.90, AGFI=.87, RMSEA=.08). The Cronbach's α coefficient for the 16 items was .82.CONCLUSION: Three factors of the short version of ATTS may be useful to evaluate the suicidal attitudes of Korean adults effectively and accurately. Our study findings suggest that suicide attitude questionaries need to be constantly revised to consider socio-cultural environment.
Adult ; Attitude to Death ; Humans ; Korea ; Reproducibility of Results ; Suicide ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the mumps transmission control status and inapparent infection rate among middle and high school students in Daegu City during a mumps outbreak. METHODS: Nine schools (two middle schools and seven high schools), which reported a number of mumps cases between 2007 and 2008 were selected for investigation. During March-May 2008, a standard questionnaire was distributed to gather information about case identification, instructed isolation measure, isolation status of mumps cases and related factors, and outdoor activities of non-isolated mumps case. Inapparent infection rate was estimated by serum mumps IgM and IgG antibodies status and self-reported mumps symptoms in three of the nine schools. RESULTS: Among 2,560 respondents, more than half of students answered that they did not receive instructions in mumps transmission control measures during the outbreak. Among the 327 mumps cases identified by the questionnaire, 131 cases (40.1%) were considered as isolated and the isolation rates were significantly different among schools, grades, and gender. Of the non-isolated cases, 88.3% continued attending school. Inapparent mumps infection rates were between 56.3% and 70.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Mumps transmission control was inadequate to control the mumps outbreak. Although high inapparent infection rate would mitigate the transmission control effect of case isolation, this measure is fundamental for infection control. The reasons of this inadequate status need to be explored to develop an effective intervention strategy.
Adolescent ; Child ; Communicable Disease Control/*methods ; Disease Outbreaks/*statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Immunoglobulin M/blood ; Male ; Mumps/epidemiology/*prevention & control/transmission ; Patient Isolation ; Questionnaires ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Schools/*statistics & numerical data ; Students

OBJECT: It seemed worthwhile to estimate nonlinear measures of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in schizophrenic patients, because nonlinear measures might serve as indicators of the specific brain function in schizophrenia. METHOD: Previous studies which estimated the chaoticity in the brain of schizophrenia with nonlinear methods recorded the EEGs at limited electrodes, so we tried to record EEGs from 16 channels for nonlinear analysis in 19 patients with Schizophrenia and 8 healthy control subjects. We employed a new method to calculate the nonlinear invariant measures. For limited noisy data, this algorithm was strikingly faster and more accurate than previous ones. RESULTS: Our results showed that the schizophrenic patients had lower values of the largest positive Lyapunov exponent at the left inferior frontal and anterior temporal head regions compared with normal controls. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the nonlinear analysis of the EEGs such as the estimation of the largest positive Lyapunov exponent seems to be a useful tool in analyzing EEG data to explore the neurodynamics of the brain of schizophrenic patients.
Brain ; Electrodes ; Electroencephalography* ; Head ; Humans ; Nonlinear Dynamics* ; Schizophrenia*