Familial renal glycosuria (FRG) is an inherited disorder characterized by persistent glycosuria in the absence of hyperglycemia. It is caused by mutations in the sodium-glucose co-transporter, leading to increase in the renal excretion of glucose and sodium. However, there have been no studies on the role of fasting and postprandial changes in the urinary sodium excretion in patients with FRG. We report a case of renal glycosuria, which was confirmed by a SLC5A2 mutation via gene sequencing, and compared the postprandial urinary glucose and sodium excretion. A 26-year-old man sometimes experienced glycosuria on routine screening; however, other laboratory findings were normal. His fasting and postprandial urinary glucose excretion levels were 295mg/dL and 2,170mg/dL, respectively. The fasting and postprandial urinary sodium excretion levels were 200mEq/L and 89mEq/L, respectively. In patients with FRG, excessive diuresis might be prevented by a compensatory mechanism that reduces postprandial sodium excretion.
Adult ; Diuresis ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Glycosuria* ; Glycosuria, Renal ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Mass Screening ; Renal Elimination ; Sodium ; Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins

BACKGROUND: Urine ketone test is commonly used to screen for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Ketonuria also develops in patients with disease conditions other than DKA. However, the prevalence of DKA in patients with ketonuria is not known. We investigated the prevalence of ketonuria and characteristics of patients with ketonuria and estimated the prevalence of DKA among them to study the clinical significance of ketonuria as an indicator of DKA. METHODS: We studied 1,314 adult and 1,027 pediatric patients who underwent urinalysis. The prevalence of ketonuria in the different groups of patients, classified according to the types of their visits to the institution, was investigated, and the relationships between ketonuria and albuminuria, glycosuria, and bilirubinuria were evaluated. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of ketonuria was 9.1%. The prevalences of ketonuria in adult and pediatric patients were 4.3% and 15.2%, respectively. The prevalences of ketonuria were the highest in the adult (9.7%) and pediatric (28%) patients in the group that had visited the emergency department. Among patients with ketonuria, 7% adult and 3.8% pediatric patients showed glycosuria. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the prevalence of DKA in patients with ketonuria, defined as the simultaneous presence of ketone bodies and glucose in urine, was only 7%. Therefore, we concluded that ketonuria might be clinically significant as an indicator of acute or severe disease status rather than of DKA.
Adult ; Albuminuria ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis ; Emergencies ; Glucose ; Glycosuria ; Humans ; Ketone Bodies ; Ketosis ; Prevalence ; Urinalysis

An epidemiological survey on the glycosuria was conducted on the senier students of middle and high school in Seoul, from March 1981 to March 1982. Selected examinee totalled to 254,835 of which 138,116 were male & 116,719 were female. The initial, second and third urine sugar test were done with Combur-test strip(r). Glucose tolerance test was performed on those who were found to have persistent glycosuria. The followings showed the results of the survey. Among the 254,835 examinees, 1,240 were found with initial positive glycosuria. The glycosuria positive rate revealed 0.52% for male, 0.44% for female. Its average was 0.49%. It also revealed that male students in high school had higher positive rate of glycosuria. 2) The persistent glycosuria positive rate revealed 11.58/100,000 for male, 15.42/100,000 for female and its average was 13.34/100,000. 3) Out of the 33 cases with the persistent glycosuria, 60.6% of them were diagnosed as diabetes mellitus. 4) The overall prevalence rate of diabetes was 7.85/100,000. The prevalence rate of male was5.79/100,000, and female was 10.28/100,000. Consequently the rate of male to female was 1:1.78, showing that rates were higher for females than males. The. survey also revealed that the prevalence rate of diabetes was increased with advancing grade. 5) The 70% of the total person who were diagnosed as diabetes, did not recognize of their disease by themselves till the survey was conducted. 6) The frequency of subjective diabetic symptoms were polydipsia, polyuria and polyphagia in order. *Combur-test(r)are registered trade marks of the Boehringer mannheim GmbH Company.
Child* ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Female ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Glycosuria* ; Humans ; Male ; Polydipsia ; Polyuria ; Prevalence* ; Seoul

A l3-year-old boy was admitted to our hospital with severe hypertension, visual blurring, excessive sweating, polyuria and polydipsia. On admission, the blood pressure was persistently elevated at 230/180 mmHg. and an ophthalmologist was consulted, the funduscopic examination showed bilateral grade IV retinopathy. Cardiomegaly with dyspneic on exertion and persistent tachycardia were present. In urine examinations, proteinuria was sustained and glycosuria was traced. B. U. N. was 9.4 mg/dl. Urinary catecholamine was 12480 mic.g./day ; urinary V. M. A. was 20.2 mg./day. Regitine test was positive but histamine test was not performed. Presacral air insufflation with nephrotomography showed egg sized soft tissue mass locating at just above the upper pole of left kidney. He was operated with transabdominal approach. There were bilateral pheochromocytomas on suprarenal areas. Two weeks after operation, he was discharged with good general condition and we report this case with review of literatures.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiomegaly ; Glycosuria ; Histamine ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Insufflation ; Kidney ; Male ; Ovum ; Phentolamine ; Pheochromocytoma* ; Polydipsia ; Polyuria ; Proteinuria ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Tachycardia

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its clinical implication of glycosuria identified in 2nd trimester pregnancy. METHODS: This study included pregnant women who had undertaken the 50 g oral glucose tolerance test (50 g OGTT) between 24 and 28 weeks gestation and delivered at term (N=704). Blood and urine sample were collected and analyzed for glucose level, one hour after 50 g OGTT. We applied women to 100 g OGTT if their blood glucose level after 50 g OGTT were more than 140 mg/dL. We compared blood glucose level, rate of GDM, birth weight and number of macrosomia at different urine glucose levels. Urine glucose level were measured by urine dipstick test and grouped to trace, 1+, 2+, 3+, and 4+, which were corresponding to 100, 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000 mg/dL. RESULTS: Women with glycosuria after 50 g OGTT were 258/704 (36.6%). Mean blood glucose levels were 117+/-23 mg/dL, 128+/-20 mg/dL, 135+/-23 mg/dL, 132+/-17 mg/dL, 139+/-25 mg/dL, 153+/-45 mg/dL, mean birth weight 3.29+/-0.40 kg, 3.25+/-0.40 kg, 3.27+/-0.41 kg, 3.34+/-0.35 kg, 3.28+/-0.41 kg, 3.33+/-0.40 kg, and numbers of macrosomia (> or =4.0 kg) 20 (4.5%), 3 (4.8%), 1 (1.8%), 2 (4.2%), 3 (6.7%), 0 (0%) at glycosuria level of negative, trace, 1+, 2+, 3+ and 4+ respectively. Glycosuria level was correlated significantly with blood glucose level (P=0.000), but not with birth weight and macrosomia (P=0.838, 0.881). The rate of GDM was 7/55 (12.7%), 2/48 (4.7%), 7/45 (15.6%), 8/48 (16.7%) in glycosuria level of 1+, 2+, 3+, 4+ and their relationship was statistically significant (P=0.000, AUC=0.734, 95%CI 0.638-0.830). In the cut off value of glycosuria 1+ or greater, sensitivity and positive predictive value were 72.7 and 12.2%. CONCLUSION: Glycosuria correlates well with blood glucose level and GDM prevalence but not with birth weight.
Birth Weight ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes, Gestational ; Female ; Glucose ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Glycosuria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pregnancy ; Pregnant Women ; Prevalence

To elucidate the mechanism of gentamicin induced renal dysfunction, renal functions and activities of various proximal tubular transport systems were studied in gentamicin-treated rats (Fisher 344). Gentamicin nephrotoxicity was induced by injecting gentamicin sulfate subcutaneously at a dose of 100 mg/kg cntdot day for 7 days. The gentamicin injection resulted in a marked polyuria, hyposthenuria, proteinuria, glycosuria, aminoaciduria, phosphaturia, natriuresis, and kaliuresis, characteristics of aminoglycoside nephropathy. Such renal functional changes occurred in the face of reduced GFR, thus tubular transport functions appeared to be impaired. The polyuria and hyposthenuria were partly associated with a mild osmotic diuresis, but mostly attributed to a reduction in free water reabsorption. In renal cortical brush-border membrane vesicles isolated from gentamicin-treated rats, the Na+ gradient dependent transport of glucose, alanine, phosphate and succinate was significantly attenuated with no changes in Na+/-independent transport and the membrane permeability to Na+. These results indicate that gentamicin treatment induces a defect in free water reabsorption in the distal nephron and impairs various Na+/-cotransport systems in the proximal tubular brush-border membranes, leading to polyuria, hyposthenuria, and increased urinary excretion of Na+ and other solutes.
Alanine ; Animals ; Diuresis ; Gentamicins ; Glucose ; Glycosuria ; Hypophosphatemia, Familial ; Membranes ; Natriuresis ; Nephrons ; Permeability ; Polyuria ; Proteinuria ; Rats* ; Succinic Acid ; Water

We aimed to identify the clinical variables associated with a better glucose-lowering response to the sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor ipragliflozin in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We especially focused on urinary glucose excretion (UGE). This was a single-arm multicenter prospective study. A total of 92 people with T2DM aged 20 to 70 years with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≥7.0% and ≤9.5% were enrolled. Ipragliflozin (50 mg) was added to the background therapy for these people for 12 weeks. After 3 months treatment with ipragliflozin, the mean HbA1c levels were decreased from 7.6% to 6.9% and 62.0% of the people reached the HbA1c target of less than 7.0% (P<0.001). In addition, body weight, blood pressure, and lipid parameters were improved after ipragliflozin treatment (all P<0.001). The baseline HbA1c (r=0.66, P<0.001) and morning spot urine glucose to creatinine ratio (r=−0.30, P=0.001) were independently associated with the HbA1c reduction. Ipragliflozin treatment for 12 weeks improves glycemic control and other metabolic parameters. A higher HbA1c and lower UGE at baseline predicts a better glucose-lowering efficacy of ipragliflozin.
Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Creatinine ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Glucose ; Glycosuria ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Prospective Studies ; Sodium ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2

The Korean government launched the medicaid program for the poor people as a wing of the social development and welfare programs beginning in 1977 when the fourth 5-year national economic development program started. The charts of the medicaid recipients who visited Jonglo-Gu Health Center for the period from 1981 to 1983 were reviewed and analysed. Major findings from the analysis are as follows. 1. The medical recipients occupied 5.19% in 1981, 2.90% in 1982 and 2.00% among the total residents of Jonglo district in 1983, respectively. 2. The mean number of physician visits per person year of medicaid recipients who visited the Jonglo-Gu Health Center was 4.73 in 1981, 4.90 in 1982 and 4.41 in 1983, respectively. 3. The consultation/referral rate at the Jonglo-Gu Health Center was 2.65% in 1981, 1.77% in 1982 and 2.18% in 1983 while the rate at the department of family practice, Seoul National University Hospital was 3.18% in 1983. 4. Classifying into 17 major categories, the pattern of diseases of the poor outpatients who visited the Hallym College Medical Center both in 1981 and 1982 showed a statistically similar pattern of the 5,169 medicaid patients who visited the Jonglo-Gu Health Center in 1981 and 401 patients in 1983. 5. Classifying into 17 major categories, the disease of outpatient visits at the department of family practice, Seoul National University Hospital from 1st May, 1983 to 31st Oct., 1983 revealed statistically significant similarity with both the 5,169 medicaid patients in 1981 and the 401 patients sampled in 1983. 6. Classifying into 17 major categories, the disease of community diagnosis at the Ihwa Dong, Jonglo-Gu also showed a statistically significant similarity with the 5,169 medicaid patients who visited the Jonglo-Gu Health Center in 1981. 7. Classifying into 17 major categories, the disease of 5,169 medicaid patients at Jonglo-Gu Health Center in 1981 showed a statistically significant similar distribution with that of the 401 sampled medicaid patients at this center in 1983. 8. Among the medicaid patents who utilized the Jonglo-Gu Health Center in 1983, 401 sampled patients who are practicable routine urinalysis composed of 131 indigent group and 270 low income group. The sample composed of 127 males and 274 females. There were more old patients than the young ones among the 401 sampled patients. 9. Age-adjusted prevalence rate of the hypertension computed by the direct method using estimated of midyear population of 1980 year as the standard is the highest in the Yonsei area and the lowest in the Shindongmyun. Furthermore age-adjusted prevalence rate was higher for males than that of females. 10. The group of hypertension patients using routine urinalysis profile composed of pyuria, hematuria, proteinuria and glycosuria is the most statistical significant, the pyuria alone is very significant, hematuria is significant and proteinuria is also significant.
Diagnosis ; Economic Development ; Family Practice ; Female ; Glycosuria ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Medicaid ; Outpatients ; Poverty ; Prevalence ; Proteinuria ; Pyuria ; Seoul* ; Social Change ; Urinalysis*

PURPOSE: This study was performed to assess the diagnostic significance of the urine-stick test in detecting Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and to assess the clinical characteristics of adolescent diabetes. MEHTODS: A total of 926,208 middle and high school children participated. The urine-stick test was performed and those who showed glycosuria and, further studies such as evaluations of plasma glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and C-peptide level done. We compared the clinical characteristics between the diabetes group and non-diabetes group. RESULTS: Among 926,208 students, 1,020 (0.11%) showed glycosuria. Among the 1,020 glycosuria positive subjects, 339 (33.2%) had further laboratory tests. Two hundred and sixty-eight cases (79.1%) were normal, 52 cases (15.3%) were newly diagnosed as DM, 9 cases (2.7%) were already diagnosed DM, 10 cases (2.9%) had an impaired glucose tolerance. The 52 newly diagnosed DM cases, whose postprandial 2 hour glucose level was more than 200m/dL, showed different fasting glucose levels. Thirty cases (57.7%) had a level of more than 140mg/dL, 11 cases (21.1%) were between 110 and 140mg/dL and 11 cases (21.1%) were at a level of less than 110mg/dL. Polydipsia, polyuria and polyphagia were frequent symptoms exibited by the DM group while weight loss and fatigue showed no significant difference between the DM and non-diabetes groups. Six cases were type 1 DM and 44 cases were type 2 DM. Being female, having a family history of DM and a higher BMI and higher diastolic blood pressure were significant risk factors for DM. CONCLUSION: The positive rate of glycosuria by the urine-stick test was 0.11%. Among glycosuria positive subjects 15.3% were newly diagnosed as DM. For the high risk group, an annual urine-stick test and a postprandial blood glucose test should be performed and a systematic referral system is necessary.
Adolescent ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; C-Peptide ; Child* ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fasting ; Fatigue ; Female ; Glucose ; Glycosuria ; Humans ; Polydipsia ; Polyuria ; Referral and Consultation ; Risk Factors ; Seoul* ; Triglycerides ; Weight Loss

PURPOSE: This study was performed to assess the diagnostic significance of the urine-stick test in detecting Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and to assess the clinical characteristics of adolescent diabetes. MEHTODS: A total of 926,208 middle and high school children participated. The urine-stick test was performed and those who showed glycosuria and, further studies such as evaluations of plasma glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and C-peptide level done. We compared the clinical characteristics between the diabetes group and non-diabetes group. RESULTS: Among 926,208 students, 1,020 (0.11%) showed glycosuria. Among the 1,020 glycosuria positive subjects, 339 (33.2%) had further laboratory tests. Two hundred and sixty-eight cases (79.1%) were normal, 52 cases (15.3%) were newly diagnosed as DM, 9 cases (2.7%) were already diagnosed DM, 10 cases (2.9%) had an impaired glucose tolerance. The 52 newly diagnosed DM cases, whose postprandial 2 hour glucose level was more than 200m/dL, showed different fasting glucose levels. Thirty cases (57.7%) had a level of more than 140mg/dL, 11 cases (21.1%) were between 110 and 140mg/dL and 11 cases (21.1%) were at a level of less than 110mg/dL. Polydipsia, polyuria and polyphagia were frequent symptoms exibited by the DM group while weight loss and fatigue showed no significant difference between the DM and non-diabetes groups. Six cases were type 1 DM and 44 cases were type 2 DM. Being female, having a family history of DM and a higher BMI and higher diastolic blood pressure were significant risk factors for DM. CONCLUSION: The positive rate of glycosuria by the urine-stick test was 0.11%. Among glycosuria positive subjects 15.3% were newly diagnosed as DM. For the high risk group, an annual urine-stick test and a postprandial blood glucose test should be performed and a systematic referral system is necessary.
Adolescent ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; C-Peptide ; Child* ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fasting ; Fatigue ; Female ; Glucose ; Glycosuria ; Humans ; Polydipsia ; Polyuria ; Referral and Consultation ; Risk Factors ; Seoul* ; Triglycerides ; Weight Loss