In this study, chemistry, biology and pharmacology were combinated to screen pseudoallergenic substances of Shuang-huanglian injection (SHLI) so that to establish a scientific and systematic approach to screen pseudoallergenic substances of traditional Chinese medicine injections. The mouse pseudoallergic reaction models were used to screen the pseudoallergic reaction of SHLI's intermediate extract and the intermediate extract's component or ingredient. Among the three intermediates of Shuanghuanglian injection (extract of Scutellaria baicalensis, extract of Lonicera japonica, extract of Forsythia suspensa) , pseudoallergic action of Forsythia suspensa was the strongest, Forsythia suspesnsa's pseudoallergic reaction mainly associated with the composition with largerchemical polarity. Further it was found that forsythiaside A and arctiin which existed in the the composition with largerchemical polarity caused obvious pseudoallergic reactions. SHLI with removal forsythoside A with the technology of HPLC-MS displayed reduced pseudoallergic reaction and a significant improved safety. This study provided a scientific basis for SHLI process improvements and also offered idea and research foundation for screening pseudoallergenic substances injections in other TCM injections.
Animals ; Drug Hypersensitivity ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; analysis ; Furans ; adverse effects ; Glucosides ; adverse effects ; Glycosides ; adverse effects ; Injections ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR

In this study, the underlying mechanism of Qiwei Guibao Granules(QWGB) in the treatment of premature ovarian fai-lure(POF) was explored by the proteomics technique. Firstly, the POF model was induced in mice by intragastric administration of Tripterygium wilfordii glycosides solution at 50 mg·kg~(-1) for 14 days. Ten days prior to the end of the modeling, the estrous cycle of mice was observed every day to evaluate the success of modeling. From the 1st day after modeling, the POF model mice were treated with QWGB by gavage every day and the treatment lasted four weeks. On the 2nd day after the end of the experiment, blood was collected from the eyeballs and the serum was separated by centrifugation. The ovaries and uterus were collected and the adipose tissues were carefully stripped. The organ indexes of the ovaries and uterus of each group were calculated. The serum estrogen(E_2) level of mice in each group was detected by ELISA. Protein samples were extracted from ovarian tissues of mice, and the differential proteins before and after QWGB intervention and before and after modeling were analyzed by quantitative proteomics using tandem mass tags(TMT). As revealed by the analysis of differential proteins, QWGB could regulate 26 differentially expressed proteins related to the POF model induced by T. wilfordii glycosides, including S100A4, STAR, adrenodoxin oxidoreductase, XAF1, and PBXIP1. GO enrichment results showed that the 26 differential proteins were mainly enriched in biological processes and cellular components. The results of KEGG enrichment showed that those differential proteins were involved in signaling pathways such as completion and coalescence cascades, focal adhesion, arginine biosynthesis, and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. The complement and coalescence cascades signaling pathway was presumably the target pathway of QWGB in the treatment of POF. In this study, the proteomics technique was used to screen the differential proteins of QWGB in the treatment of POF in mice induced by T. wilfordii glycosides, and they were mainly involved in immune regulation, apoptosis regulation, complement and coagulation cascade reactions, cholesterol metabolism, and steroid hormone production, which may be the main mechanisms of QWGB in the treatment of POF.
Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency/chemically induced* ; Proteomics ; Signal Transduction ; Glycosides/adverse effects*

OBJECTIVETo compare the therapeutic effects of Radix Tripterygium hypoglaucum tablet (THT) and Tripterygium glycosides tablet (TGT) in treating erosive oral lichen planus (EOLP).

METHODSThe patients were randomized into two groups, and they were treated with THT (n = 47) or TGT (n = 47), respectively. The therapeutic effects were evaluated after 3 months treatment.

RESULTSFor the patients of grade 1, the total efficacy in TGT group was 85.71%, compared with 52.38% in THT group, the efficacy was statistically greater in the group receiving TGT (P = 0.043). However, for the patients of grade 2, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.173).

CONCLUSIONTGT is more effective in treating EOLP than THT for grade 1 patients. However, TGT is not suitable for patients of child bearing age.

Adult ; Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Glycosides ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Lichen Planus, Oral ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Tripterygium

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effectiveness and safety of various agents on paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in the elderly over 75 years old.

METHODSTotally 264 in-patients (75-91 years old, 185 males and 79 females) with atrial fibrillation history of less than 7 days were enrolled in this study. A total of 611 atrial fibrillation episodes were recorded, but 130 episodes (22.3%) of atrial fibrillation were auto-converted to sinus rhythm. The rest 481 episodes of atrial fibrillation were divided into six groups based on the drug used.

RESULTSThe cardioversion ratio of atrial fibrillation were 9.5%, 46.9%, 71.7%, 55.9%, 32.7%, and 73.6% in control, cedilanid, amiodarone, propafenone, verapamil, and quinidine groups, respectively. Ventricular rate control were 5.4%, 83.6%, 84.9%, 77.9%, 78.8%, and 11.3% in those groups, respectively. The total effective rates of amiodarone and cedilanid groups were the highest. When the ventricular rate was controlled to below 90 bpm, the patients would almost complain of no discomfort. No severe side-effect was observed in each group.

CONCLUSIONAmiodarone and cedilanid may be the proper drugs for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in the elderly. The above antiarrhythmics in each therapeutic group were relatively safe and effective.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amiodarone ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Atrial Fibrillation ; drug therapy ; Bradycardia ; chemically induced ; Cardiac Glycosides ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Humans ; Lanatosides ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Nausea ; chemically induced ; Propafenone ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of strontium fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP-Sr) on the multiglycosides of tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (GTW)-induced oligozoospermia in male rats.

METHODSForty SD male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: model (n=10), FDP-Sr (n=10), and control (n=10). The model rats received intragastric administration of GTW at 30 mg/(kg x d) for 40 days to induce oligozoospermia, the rats of the FDP-Sr group orally administered FDP-Sr at 200 mg/(kg x d) for 30 days after GTW induction, while the control rats given but distilled water. Then we obtained the gonad indexes involving the testis, epididymis, preputial gland and seminal vesicle, and determined the count and motility of epididymal sperm, testicular pathomorphology, serum testosterone level and activities of succinodehydrogenase (SDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and acid phosphatase (ACP) in the testis.

RESULTSThe indexes of the testis and seminal vesicle in the control, model and FDP-Sr groups were (0.71 +/- 0.04) and (0.29 +/- 0.04)%, (0.37 +/- 0.04) and (0.25 +/- 0.05)%, and (0.45 +/- 0.07) and (0.31 +/- 0.06)%, respectively; the epididymal sperm counts were (59.87 +/- 11.28), (11.06 +/- 2.53) and (20.95 +/- 4.98) x 10(6)/ml; the serum testosterone levels were (85.31 +/- 7.41), (65.33 +/- 2.90) and (75.32 +/- 5.34) ng/L; and the activities of ACP, LDH and SDH were (95.64 +/- 19.27), (9574.73 +/- 3 578.06) and (6.39 +/- 1.93) U/g prot, (58.42 +/- 12.38), (4820.77 +/- 1 535.22) and (3.48 +/- 0.91) U/gprot, and (83.74 +/- 21.30), (7649.01 +/- 3 123.02) and (5.59 +/- 1.75) U/g prot. All the parameters above were significantly increased in the FDP-Sr group as compared with the GTW models (P < 0.05). Besides, FDP-Sr treatment significantly alleviated the injury of the testicular seminiferous epithelium.

CONCLUSIONFDP-Sr can alleviate GTW-induced oligozoospermia, which is closely related with its improvement of testicular function.

Animals ; Fructosediphosphates ; therapeutic use ; Glycosides ; adverse effects ; Male ; Oligospermia ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Strontium ; therapeutic use ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of multiglycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii (MTW) for treatment of proteinuria in kidney transplant recipients.

METHODForty-five kidney transplant recipients with proternuria were randomized into 3 groups (n=15) and received full daily dose (1 mg/kg) MTW, half dose (0.5 mg/kg) MTW or no MTW (control) in addition to immunosuppressant therapy. The 24-hour urinary protein (24 h Upro), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), dose of ciclosporin and the adverse effects of MTW were recorded.

RESULTSMTW at both the full dose and half dose significantly reduced the 24 h Upro as compared to exclusive immunosuppressant therapy (P<0.05). The therapeutic dose of ciclosporin in patients with full and half dose of MTW was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the patients receiving full dose MTW showed greater adverse effects than those having half dose MTW (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSMTW can significantly ameliorate proteinuria, reduce the therapeutic dose of ciclosporin and protect the renal function in kidney transplant recipients. While producing similar therapeutic effect to routine full dose, long-term use of half dose MTW may reduce the adverse effect associated with MTW.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Glycosides ; therapeutic use ; Graft Survival ; immunology ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; adverse effects ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proteinuria ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Tripterygium ; chemistry ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Yishen Tiaojing Recipe (YSTJR) on sex gland and kidney in nephropathy patients with hypogonadism induced by Tripterygium glycosides (TG).

METHODSFifty-eight women patients with chronic glomerular disease were assigned to two groups, the 34 patients in the treated group were given TP 20 mg three times a day plus YSTJR, one dose daily, while the 24 in the control group were given TP 20 mg three times a day alone. The course of treatment lasted for 3 months. Serum levels of estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteotrophic hormone (LH), as well as urinary protein and red blood cell (RBC) count in urine were determined before and after treatment.

RESULTSLevel of E2 decreased, FSH and LH increased in the control group after treatment (P < 0.05), while those indexes unchanged in the treated group. Quantity of urinary protein decreased in both two groups after treatment (P < 0.05), but the decrement was more significant in the treated group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Differences of all the above-mentioned indexes between the two groups after treatment were significant (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONYSTJR could prevent the injury of TP on sex gland in women patients with nephropathy, and is benificial for the treatment of primary chronic renal glomerular diseases.

Adult ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Estradiol ; blood ; Female ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone ; blood ; Glomerulonephritis ; drug therapy ; Glycosides ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; blood ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

In this study, the secondary osteoporosis model was induced by oral administration of retinoic acid for two weeks in SD male rats. The efficacy and mechanism of LG on secondary osteoporosis in rats were explored through the bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2)/Runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2)/Osterix signaling pathway. With Xianling Gubao Capsules(XLGB) as the positive control, three dose groups of low glycoside from Epimedii Folium flavonoids(LG), i.e., low-dose group(LG-L), medium-dose group(LG-M), and high-dose group(LG-H), were set up. After modeling, the rats in each group were treated correspondingly by gavage for eight weeks. The action target of LG in the treatment of secondary osteoporosis in rats was analyzed by measuring the body weight and the organ indexes of rats including heart index and testis index. The efficacy of LG was characterized by the pathological changes of the femur, the microstructural parameters of the trabecular bone, and the biomechanical properties of femoral tissues in rats. The mechanism of LG was explored by measuring the relevant biochemical indexes and the changes in BMP-2, Runx2, and Osterix content in rats with secondary osteoporosis. The results showed that the action target of LG in the treatment of secondary osteoporosis in rats was the testis. LG can improve the bone loss of the femur, increase the number and thickness of the trabecular bone, reduce the porosity and separation of the trabecular bone, potentiate the resistance of bone to deformation and destruction, up-regulate the serum content of Ca, P, aminoterminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen(PINP), and osteocalcin(OC), promote bone matrix calcification and the expression of BMP-2, Runx2, and Osterix proteins, and accelerate bone formation, thereby reducing the risk of fractures, and ultimately exerting anti-secondary osteoporosis efficacy.
Animals ; Bone Density ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Flavonoids/therapeutic use* ; Glycosides/therapeutic use* ; Male ; Osteoporosis/metabolism* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tretinoin/adverse effects*