Lectin is a non-immunological glycoprotein and binds specifically to carbohydrate terminals in tissue. Lectin histochemistry using 10 different biotinylated lectins was performed to investigate the effects on thirty-two pigmented rabbit retinas during wound healing. The results are as follows: 1) In normal retina. a) WGA, RCA I, and LCA were bound to the internal limiting membrane. b) WGA, RCA I, LCA, and PNA were bound to the photoreceptor layer. c) WGA, RCA I, LCA, SJA, ConA and BSL I were bound to the basal side of retinal pigment epithelium. d) PNA was bound to cone cell only. e) SBA, DBA, and UEA I didn't bind to any layers of retina. 2) In photocoagulated wound. One day after photocoagulation WGA, LCA and RCA I began to show increased reaction. At 3 and 5 days these lectins sustained reactivity. At 7 days increased reactivity began to decrease or disappear from wound. Macrophages had positive reaction to BSL I, WGA, LCA, and RCA I. In conclusion these results indicate that a-mannose, a glucose, a, beta-galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and N-acetylneuramic acid are present in glycoconjugates of normal rabbit neural retina. It seems that some glycoconjugates may be related to vitreoretinal, retinal and chorioretinal adhesion in normnal retinal, and after argon laser photocoagulation. WGA-binding, LCA-binding and RCA I-binding glycoconjugates may play a part in cell adhesion during early wound healing.
Argon* ; Cell Adhesion ; Glucose ; Glycoconjugates* ; Glycoproteins ; Lectins ; Light Coagulation* ; Macrophages ; Membranes ; Retina* ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Retinaldehyde ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

No abstract available.
Glycopeptides*

No abstract available.
Gangliosides*

OBJECTIVE: Lectins are cell-agglutinating and sugar specific proteins or glycoproteins of non-immune origin that precipitate glycoconjugates having saccharides of appropriate complementarity. Because of these properties, plant lectins have been used to help characterize the carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins in the zona pellucida (ZP) of several mammalian species including pigs. Treatment of oocytes with various lectins blocks sperm binding to the ZP in various mammalian species. This study was undertaken to examine the distribution of sugar residues in the ZP of pig oocytes matured in vitro and the ability of spermatozoa to bind to ZP and in vitro penetration in oocytes treated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled lectins. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The lectins of Banderiaea simplicifolia (BS-II, bind to beta-D-Nacetylglucosamine), Canavalin ensiformis (Con A, bind to alpha-D-Mannose), Lens culinaris (LCA, bind to alpha-D-Mannose), Ricinus communis (RCA-I, bind to beta-D-Galactose) and Ulex europaeus (UEA-I, bind to alpha-L-Fucose) were examined for spermatozoa penetration, binding capacity to ZP and distribution of lectins. RESULTS: The penetration rates were significantry (p<0.05) higher in control oocytes (63%) than those treated with all lectins, but penetration rates (40~49%) were simililar in group treated with lectins. The incidence of monospermy was similar in oocytes untreated and UEA-I, but it was higher in oocytes treated with BS-II, Con A, RCA-I and LCA. The porcine oocytes cultured for 48 h in TC-199 medium were freed from cumulus cells and treated for 30 min with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled lectins. When examined under fluorescein illumination, higher (p<0.001) proportions of oocytes showed fluorescein of zona pellucida after treatment with Con A (93%), LCA (93%) and RCA-I (100%) than BS-II (37%) and UEA-I (50%). All of the oocytes treated with RCA-I exhibited strong fluorescein in the outer region of the zona pellucida while those treated with LCA exhibited strong fluorescein throughout the zona pellucida. BS-II bounded mainly to the outer region and UEA-I bounded mainly to the inner region of the zona pellucida, with either strong or weak fluorescein. At 120 min after insemination in vitro, fewer spermatozoa were bound to the zona pellucida of the oocytes treated with BS-II, Con-A and RCA-I. Of the lectins, Con A most inhibited sperm binding. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that beta-D-Galactose residues in the porcine zona pellucida may act as primary sperm receptors and inducers of the sperm acrosome reaction and these sugar residues may be involved in the block to polyspermy.
Acrosome Reaction ; Cumulus Cells ; Fluorescein ; Glycoconjugates ; Glycoproteins ; Herpes Zoster* ; Incidence ; Insemination ; Lectins* ; Lens Plant ; Lighting ; Oocytes ; Plant Lectins ; Ricinus ; Sperm-Ovum Interactions ; Spermatozoa ; Swine ; Ulex ; Zona Pellucida*

Multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) are a prominent characteristic of granulomatous inflammation including tuberculosis. The present study was performed to investigate the characteristics and distribution pattern of intracellular and cell surface glycoconjugates of the MGCs in human pulmonary tubercles using lectin histochemistry. The cytoplasmic staining patterns could be divided into three groups. First, VVL, LCA and SBA showed intense reactivity in the great majority of the MGCs. Second, BS -I, DBA, WGA, PNA, ECL, PHA -L and PHA -E also showed positive staining in the cytoplasm of many MGCs, but the reaction patterns were not uniform. Third, the other group (BS -I - B4 and UEA -I) exhibited very weak or no staining in the cytoplasm. With regard to the membranous staining, the lectin binding patterns could be divided into two groups. First, WGA, ECL, PHA -L & PHA -E showed intense membranous staining. Second, the other lectins (BS -I, BS -I -B4, DBA, VVL, LCA, PNA, SBA and UEA -I) did not show any membranous staining. There was no significant difference in lectin binding patterns between the two types of MGCs. Our results demonstrated the characterization of glycoconjugates expressed in the MGCs in human pulmonary tubercles.
Cytoplasm ; Giant Cells* ; Glycoconjugates* ; Humans* ; Inflammation ; Lectins ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

This study was performed in order to recognize the identifications of the glycoproteins containing oligosaccharides in human gingiva. After made paraffin sections of human gingiva at 4µm, the sections were incubated with 7 lectins (UEA-I, BS-I, SBA, DBA, WGA, PNA, PNA after neuraminidase treated, Con-A). In order to increase specificity of reactions, the sections were applicated with ABC system. And then the sections were incubated with DAB and were counterstained with hematoxylin. Using the same sections, the sections were done H-E and PAS stains. In WGA, DBA and Con-A, plasma membranes of the layers of all epithelium and connective tissue were stained. In BS-I ; In the epithelium of marginal gingiva, plasma membranes of upper layer of the spinous cell layer and granular cell layer were stained. And in epithelium of sulcular gingiva, plasma membranes of the all spinous cell layer and granular cell layer were stained. In SBA ; Plasma membranes of the granular cell layer were stained. In PNA ; In the epithelium of marginal gingiva, plasma membranes of the basal cell layer and lower layer of spinous cell layer were stained. But lectin reactions were not occurred in thc sulcular gingiva. In PNA treated neuraminidase, plasma membranes of the all epithelial layer except basal cell layer membranes especially cytoplasms of upper layer at the sulcular gingiva and connective tissue were reacted. 1. By the above results, authors could know the identification of oligosaccharides existing g1ycoproteins in the human gingiva. 1) All epithelial layer ; α-D-N-Acetyl-Galactosamine, Sialic acid, D-Glucosamine, α-D-Mannose 2) Basal cell layer ; Galactose-β-(1-3)-N-Acetyl-Galactosamine 3) Spinous cell layer ; α-D-Galactose, Galactose-β-(1-3)-N-Acetyl-Galactosamine 4) Granular cell layer ; α-D-Galactose 5) Connective tissue ; α-D-N-Acetyl-Galactosamine, Siallic acid, β-(1-4)-D-Acetyl-Glucosamine, α-D-Glucosamine, α-D-Mannose 2. The Galactose-β-(1-3)-N-Acetyl-Galactosamine was not existed in the basal cell layer and spinous cell layer in the sulcular gingiva.
Cell Membrane ; Classification* ; Coloring Agents ; Connective Tissue ; Cytoplasm ; Dronabinol ; Epithelium ; Gingiva* ; Glycoconjugates ; Glycoproteins ; Hematoxylin ; Humans* ; Lectins ; Membranes ; N-Acetylneuraminic Acid ; Neuraminidase ; Oligosaccharides ; Paraffin ; Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUND: We tried to evaluate the incidence and clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) with reduced susceptibilities to glycopeptides. In addition, the ability of disk diffusion and Vitek system to detect CoNS with reduced susceptibilities to glycopeptides were compared with the standard agar dilution method. METHODS: One hundred and nineteen clinical isolates of CoNS were recovered at Samsung Medical Center from June to July 1998 and were examined for their susceptibilities to vancomycin and teicoplanin by disk diffusion method (30-microgram disk), Vitek system with GPS-AA card, and agar dilution for the determination of MICs. The records of all patients, from whom CoNS with decreased susceptibility to glycopeptide was isolated, were reviewed. RESULTS: All CoNS showed uniform susceptibility to vancomycin by all three methods but 11 strains (9.2%) exhibited reduced susceptibilities to teicoplanin (MICs, 16 to 32 microgram/mL). All but suspected colonized strains were nosocomially acquired and were isolated from 7 different wards. None were previously treated with teicoplanin. The concordance rates of disk diffusion method and Vitek system with agar dilution method were 94.1% and 84%, respectively. However, the sensitivity of disk diffusion method and Vitek system were only 50.0% and 62.5%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that CoNS with reduced susceptibilities to glycopeptides is not uncommon and may cause true infections in clinical settings. However, neither disk diffusion method nor Vitek system could differentiate these strains from more susceptible isolates.
Agar ; Colon ; Diffusion ; Glycopeptides* ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Teicoplanin ; Vancomycin

BACKGROUND: The limit and the optimal method of the cryopreservation of platelets have not been determined. Moreover, the functional changes platelets after cryopreservation were not clearly defined. This study was conducted to determine the limit and optimal method for cryopreservation of platelet concentrates. METHODS: We compared the recovery, expression of membrane GpIb, GpIIb/IIIa, and aggregatory function of the platelets preserved in three different conditions. Platelet samples were collected from four healthy volunteer donors by apheresis, and placed in 22degrees C agitator for standard preservation. For cryopreservation, after treating 5% DMSO, platelets were either inserted directly in -80degrees C freezer or in liquid nitrogen after computer-controlled rate freezing. After storage for 5 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks, platelets were thawed and analyzed for the evaluation of in vitro functions. RESULTS: Platelets preserved at 22degrees C or cryopreserved with each condition displayed equivalent recovery (90%). With each cryopreservation procedures, platelets showed moderate loss of GpIb and retained more than 90% of GpIIb/IIIa in comparison with fresh platelets. At the third week, loss of GpIb in the directly frozen platelets was augmented compared with those of controlled rate frozen group. The aggregatory response to ristocetin began to decrease drastically after storage for 5 days in platelets frozen by each procedures and to less than 5% at 12 weeks of storage. However, controlled rate frozen platelets retained more aggregatory response to ristocetin and surface GpIb expression than those of directly frozen platelets at 3, 4, 12 weeks of storage. CONCLUSION: This study showed the possibility of moderate preservation of in vitro functions of frozen-thawed platelets after 12 weeks of storage compared with those of the liquid stored 5-day old platelets.
Blood Component Removal ; Blood Platelets ; Cryopreservation* ; Dihydroergotamine ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Freezing ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Membranes ; Nitrogen ; Ristocetin ; Tissue Donors

The effect of NDMA after oral administration (17 mg/ml) on the glycoconjugates of lingual von Ebner's gland and mucous gland were investigated with lectin histochemical methods. For lectin histochemical studies, the biotinylated lectins (DBA, PNA, SBA, BSL -1, sWGA, RCA -1, LCA, UEA -1, and ConA) were applied. Lectin binding patterns of glycoconjugates of lingual von Ebner's gland showed the decreased affinity for DBA, PNA, BSL -1 and sWGA in NDMA -treated group compared with control group. The remarkable decrease of binding affinity of NDMA -treated group was observed in PNA for 12 and 24 hours, DBA for 96 hours, BSL -1 for 72 hours, and sWGA for 3 hours, while the striking decrease of BSL -1 and sWGA binding was observed in NDMA -treated group for 12 hours. But these decreases of binding were tended to recover in PNA and sWGA after 72 hours of NDMA treatment, and in DBA after 120 hours. The binding affinity of SBA and RCA -1 was decreased in NDMA -treated group for 3 hours, while the other NDMA -treated group showed an increased affinity. Especially, the increase of SBA binding was remarkable. There was a little change in binding affinity of UEA -1, LCA and Con A in NDMA -treated group. Lectin binding patterns of glycoconjugates of lingual mucous gland showed decreased affinities for SBA, sWGA and UEA -1 in NDMA -treated group. The striking decreases of binding affinity for NDMA -treated group was observed in SBA and sWGA for 3 hours, and UEA -1 for 3 and 24 hours. And the remarkable decreases of binding affinity for NDMA -treated group was found in SBA for 24 and 48 hours, sWGA for 48, 72 and 96 hours, and UEA -1 for 48 hours. These decreases of binding affinity of NDMA -treated group were tended to recover in SBA and UEA -1 after 96 hours and in sWGA after 120 hours. The binding affinity for PNA and ConA showed a little but not remarkable increase in NDMA - treated group, and LCA binding showed a little decrease following a little increase in NDMA - treated group. The affinity of DBA binding was decreased in NDMA -treated group for 12 hours and 24 hours, while the other NDMA -treated group showed an increased affinity. Especially, there was a remarkable increase in NDMA -treated group for 96 hours. From these results, it is suggested that the toxicity of NDMA may be related with the carcinogen of the rat tongue, and glycoconjugates are concerned with the repaire of the destruction of the lingual mucous acini.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Dimethylnitrosamine* ; Glycoconjugates* ; Lectins ; Rats* ; Salivary Glands* ; Strikes, Employee ; Tongue ; von Ebner Glands

The developmental changes of the lingual salivary glands in the postnatal rats were examined by morphological and prelectin histochemical methods. For the morphological changes, H -E and PAS staining were used. The mucosubstances stained with PAS, AB pH 2.5, AB pH 1.0 and AF pH 1.7 -AB pH 2.5. The promodia and undifferentiated acini of the lingual glands were detected the mucous glands at o day suckling rat, the von Ebner 's glands at 3 day suckling rat, respectively. The differentiation and maturation of the lingual glands were appeared rapidly than that of the von Ebner 's gland, and that of both glands were occurred remarkably suckling periods more than weaning periods. von Ebner 's gland contained only neutral mucins during postnatal developmental rat. The undifferentiated serous acini of these gland contained a small amounts of neutral mucins from 3 day suckling rat, and the amounts of these mucins were increased continuously according to the differentiation of these glands. The amounts of these mucins predominated at weaning periods more than suckling periods. The lingual mucous glands contained the mixture of neutral and acid mucins, and the amounts of these mucins were tended continuously to increase according to the glandular differentiation. In these glands, the suckling periods were predominant with neutral mucins, but weaning periods were abundant in acid mucins. The differentiated mucous acini of the lingual gland contained large amounts of neutral mucins and small to moderate amounts of acid mucins from 0 day suckling rat, but the undifferentiated mucous acini contained small to moderate amounts of neutral mucins and trace amounts or none of acid mucins in the suckling rat. The amounts of sulfomucin and sialomucin of the differentiated mucous acini was increased in both suckling and weaning periods. The increase of these mucins was markable in weaning periods than suckling periods. The amount of sialomucin was abundant at 0 day suckling rat, but the amount of sulfomucin very increased after 3 day suckling rat, and these mucins strikingly increased after 2 weeks suckling rat.
Animals ; Glycoconjugates* ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Mucins ; Rats* ; Salivary Glands* ; Sialomucins ; Weaning