Adult ; Antibodies, Anticardiolipin ; blood ; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid ; blood ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phosphatidic Acids ; immunology ; Phosphatidylcholines ; immunology ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; immunology ; Phosphatidylinositols ; immunology ; Phosphatidylserines ; immunology ; Reference Values

OBJECTIVETo study cell membrane phospholipid variation and protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzyme expression and their effects on hepatic metastasis of large intestinal carcinoma.

METHODSHigh function liquid chromatography was used to separate and detect cell membrane phospholipids of phosphatidylinosital (PI), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) in primary foci, paratumor intestine mucosa and hepatic metastasis of large intestinal carcinomas. And mRNA expression levels of PKC-alpha, -beta II, -delta, -epsilon, -lambda, -zeta isoenzymes were detected using QRT-PCR technique.

RESULTSFifty-eight cases of colorectal cancer were examined.

CONTENTSof PI, PC and PE in primary foci and hepatic metastasis were higher than those in paratumor mucosa. PE content in hepatic metastasis was much higher than that in primary foci (t = 98.88, P < 0.01). But PI and PC contents had no significant differences between primary and hepatic metastasis (t = 1.73, 1.36, P > 0.05). PKC-beta II, -delta, -epsilon, -lambda, -zeta expression were enhanced in primary foci and hepatic metastasis, but PKC-alpha level decreased in comparison with paratumor mucosa. And PKC-delta, -epsilon, -lambda, -zeta levels in hepatic metastasis were higher than those in primary foci (t = 4.31, P < 0.05). PI and PC had positive correlations with PKC-beta II expression. PE had positive correlations with PKC-delta, -epsilon, -lambda, -zeta, but a negative correlation with PKC-alpha.

CONCLUSIONSThe increases of PI and PC and PKC-alpha/PKC-beta II ratio change are related with colorectal cancer genesis. High content of PE and enhanced expression of PKC-delta, -epsilon, -lambda, -zeta isoenzymes and decreased PKC-alpha level improved hepatic metastasis of large intestinal carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Isoenzymes ; genetics ; Liver Neoplasms ; secondary ; Male ; Membrane Lipids ; analysis ; Middle Aged ; Phosphatidylcholines ; analysis ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; analysis ; Phosphatidylinositols ; analysis ; Phosphatidylserines ; analysis ; Protein Kinase C ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

No abstract available.
Blood Platelets* ; Platelet Activating Factor* ; Progesterone*

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of chronic sinusitis on components of the phospholipid of nasopharyngeal surfactant, and to study biochemical component of phospholipid of surface active substance. METHOD: The concentrations of surfactant in nasopharyngeal irrigating fluid were implemented in normal controls and patients with chronic sinusitis. Components of phospholipid such as Phosphatidylserine, Phosphatidylethanolamine, Phosphatidylcholine and Sphingophospholipid were measured by the high-performance liquid chromatograph. RESULT: Results showed as follows (1) There was surfactant in nasopharynx. 4 compositions of phospholipid could be measured. (2) Compared with controls, Phosphatidylserine signficantly decreased in patients with chronic sinusitis (P < 0.05). (3) Only Phosphatidylserine signficantly decreased between sinusitis III stages and controls (P < 0.05). The rests had no signficant difference between chronic sinusitis' stages and controls, and among stages. But as the chronic sinusitis' stages proceeded, proportion of Phosphatidylserine may decreased. CONCLUSION (1) There is surfactant in nasopharynx, nasopharyngeal surfactant is made of Phosphatidylserine, Phosphatidylethanolamine, Phosphatidylcholine and Sphingophospholipid. The proportion of Phosphatidylcholine shows most, and determines biochemical effect of nasopharyngeal surfactant. (2) chronic sinusitis may cause decrease of some components of nasopharyngeal surfactant. (3) As the chronic sinusitis' stages proceed, the proportion of some phospholipids progressively decrease. Which, above assessed, may cause the change of surfactant in eustachian tube, and cause dysfunction of middle ear and eustachian tube.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Lavage ; Nasopharynx ; chemistry ; Phosphatidylcholines ; analysis ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; analysis ; Phosphatidylserines ; analysis ; Phospholipids ; analysis ; chemistry ; Sinusitis ; physiopathology ; Surface-Active Agents ; analysis ; chemistry ; Young Adult

A lipidomic study on extensive plasma lipids in bacterial peritonitis (cecal ligation and puncture, CLP)-induced sepsis in mice was done at 24 h post-CLP. The effects of administration of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), compounds known to have beneficial effects in CLP, on the sepsis-induced plasma lipid changes were also examined. Among the 147 plasma lipid species from 13 lipid subgroups (fatty acid [FA], LPA, LPC, lysophosphatidylethanolamine [LPE], phosphatidic acid [PA], phosphatidylcholine [PC], phosphatidylethanolamine [PE], phosphatidylinositol [PI], monoacylglyceride [MG], diacylglyceride [DG], triacylglyceride [TG], sphingomyelin [SM], and ceramide [Cer]) analyzed in this study, 40 and 70 species were increased, and decreased, respectively, in the CLP mice. Treatments with LPC and LPA affected 14 species from 7 subgroups, and 25 species from 9 subgroups, respectively. These results could contribute to finding the much needed reliable biomarkers of sepsis.
Animals ; Biomarkers ; Ligation ; Lysophosphatidylcholines ; Mice* ; Peritonitis ; Phosphatidic Acids ; Phosphatidylcholines ; Phosphatidylinositols ; Plasma* ; Punctures ; Sepsis

No abstract available.
Blood Platelets* ; Carnitine* ; Humans* ; Platelet Activating Factor* ; Spermatozoa*

Platelet-activation factor (PAF), one of the potent proinflammatory mediators, is produced from a large range of cells, including polymorphonuclear neutrophils, monocytes, and natural killer cells. To study the role of PAF in the pathogenesis of silicosis, we determined the PAF in silicotic patients and in healthy persons. The results showed that the concentration of PAF in the plasma of silicotic patients was significantly higher than that of healthy persons. Our in vitro experimental results showed that the total numbers of fibroblasts were markedly raised with added PAF from 0 to 1 μ g/ml. Adding 1 μ g/ml PAF significantly increased the total numbers of fibroblasts after culture for 48, 72, 96 hrs. Therefore, we suggest that PAF be possibly involved in the pathogenesis of silicosis. However, the mechanism remains to be further elucidated.
Platelet Activating Factor ; g <3> ; Pathogenesis ; /mL ; Effective

Resilience refers to a person's ability to successfully adapt to acute stress, trauma or more chronic forms of adversity, maintaining psychological well-being. Recent years have seen a lot of research into the neurobiological factors and mechanism that characterize resilient individuals. It has shown that resilience is mediated by adaptive changes in several neural circuits involving numerous neurotransmitter and molecular pathways. Much more study is required to achieve a deeper understanding the genetic, biological, and psychological underpinnings of resilience, as well as the interactions between these factors.
Neurobiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Phosphatidylethanolamines

Medical specialty systems were launched in 1951 by the National Medical Services Law. The following year, the specialty certifying examination had implemented in the form of portfolio evaluation. A paper-and-pencil type examination was implemented in 1960, and the 55th examination was carried out in January 2012. Currently, 26 specialties are represented, and the overall pass rate is over 90%. The examination consists of a step 1 paper-and-pencil test and step 2 skills test. In the step 1 test, the test items are multiple choice questions and short answer questions. Clinical performance examination is partially applied to the step 2 test. To cope with changes in the social situation and the growth of medical services, developmental changes are needed in the specialty certifying examinations. Performance assessment is an alternative worth considering. CPX should be a major part of the skill test. A computer-based test should be introduced as soon as possible, and it could eventually be developed into an adaptive test.
Educational Measurement ; Jurisprudence ; Phosphatidylethanolamines

The properties of polyethyleneimine-cholesterol cationic lipopolymer (PEI-Chol) as gene carries and its gene transfer efficiency in vitro with lipid microbubbles were presented in this paper. PEI-Chol lipopolymer was synthesized by linking cholesterol chloroformate to the amino groups of branched poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) of 1 800. The structure and molecular weight of PEI-Chol were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR and MADI-TOF-MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry), respectively. The average molecular weight of PEI-Chol was approximately 2 000. The gene delivery system of bubble/PEI-Chol/DNA was constructed by mixed PEI-Chol/pDNA (N/P 10:1) complexes with lipid microbubbles (2-8 microm) which were prepared by DPPC, DSPE-PEG2000 and perfluoropropane with the reverse phase evaporation technique. pEGFP-Cl (enhanced green fluorescent protein) was used as report gene to investigate the DNA condensing ability of PEI-Chol lipopolymer by agarose gel electrophoresis. And their cytotoxicity and in vitro transfer efficiency of different complexes were compared with each other in A549 and MCF-7. The results indicated PEI-Chol lipopolymer can condense plasmid DNA when N/P ratio upto 4, PEI-Chol complexes and bubble/PEI-Chol/DNA complexes were nontoxic to A549 and MCF-7 when formulated at the N/P ratio of 10/1 as determined by MTT assay. This bubble/PEI-Chol/DNA delivery system provided good transfer efficiency with other desirable characteristics such as against-precipitation of plasma proteins. In conclusion, bubble/PEI-Chol/DNA complex is a novel non-viral gene delivery system.
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine ; chemistry ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; Cholesterol ; chemistry ; Contrast Media ; DNA ; chemistry ; genetics ; Female ; Fluorocarbons ; chemistry ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lipids ; chemistry ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Microbubbles ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; chemistry ; Plasmids ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polyethyleneimine ; chemistry ; Transfection ; methods