Glottis ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Vocal Cords ; physiopathology ; Voice Training

Solitary neurofibroma of the glottis is extremely rare and accounts for only 0.1–1.5% of benign laryngeal tumors. Aryepiglottic fold is the most frequent involved site followed by arytenoids and ventricular folds. There have been few reports of neurofibroma of the true vocal cord. We report a case of neurofibroma which was deeply embedded in the vocal cord and misdiagnosed as muscle tension dysphonia with a review of literatures.
Dysphonia ; Glottis ; Larynx ; Muscle Tonus ; Neurofibroma ; Vocal Cords

Objective: To present the case of a 78-year-old man with Glottic SCCa stage I who underwent single stage transoral cordectomy type IV with medialization thyroplasty under general anesthesia. Methods: Design: Case Report. Setting: Tertiary Government Training Hospital. Patient: One. Results: Postoperatively, patient was able to phonate and gave a VHI score of 12 and GRBAS score of 4. He was able to resume oral feeding without any signs of aspiration. Postoperative flexible laryngoscopy showed fully mobile vocal cords with good approximation in the midline. Conclusion This report suggests that vocal cord medialization via thyroplasty may be performed after cordectomy in a single stage, providing acceptable postoperative voice as well as good swallowing outcome
Laryngoplasty ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Glottis ; Vocal Cords

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The clinical reports for the treatment of vocal fold scar and sulcus vocalis are limited, also there is no best one for the treatment of them. This study is to evaluate the effect of Injection laryngoplasty (IL) for the treatment of vocal fold scar and sulcus vocalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: from January 2013 to May 2015, the Nineteen patients who were diagnosed as vocal fold scar, sulcus and atrophy, and underwent IL, were engaged in this study. Clinical information and voice parameters were analyzed by retrospective chart review. Pre and post voice parameters were compared. RESULTS: Subgroups of diagnosis were classified into sulcus vocalis for 12 patients, vocal fold scar for 5, and atrophy for 2. IL was performed under local anesthesia through cricothyroid membrane except one patient. Atesense®, Radiessess®, and Rofilan® were used as injected materials in 9, 9, and 1 patients respectively. Maximal phonation time (p=0.0124), dynamic range (p=0.0028), pitch range (p=0.0141), voice handicap index (p=0.028), glottal closure (p=0.0229), and mucosal wave (p=0.0132) had significant improvement for post-IL voice assessment than Pre-IL. While GRBAS, Mean flow rate, Jitter, Shimmer, Harmony to Noise ratio didn't have improvement. CONCLUSION: IL is a feasible option for the treatment of glottis incompetence with normally mobile vocal folds such as sulcus vocalis and vocal fold scar.
Anesthesia, Local ; Atrophy ; Cicatrix* ; Diagnosis ; Glottis ; Humans ; Laryngoplasty* ; Membranes ; Noise ; Phonation ; Retrospective Studies ; Vocal Cords* ; Voice

Patients with Pierre Robin syndrome are characterized by micrognathia, retrognathia, glossoptosis, and respiratory obstruction and are prone to have a difficult-to-intubate airway. The McGrath(R) MAC video laryngoscope provides a better view of the glottis than a Macintosh laryngoscope, but it is not easy to insert an endotracheal tube through the vocal cords because a video laryngoscope has a much greater curvature than that of a conventional direct laryngoscope and an endotracheal tube has a different curvature. The Frova Intubating Introducer is used as a railroad for an endotracheal tube in cases of a difficult airway. We thought that a combination of these two devices would make it easy to insert an endotracheal tube through the vocal cords, as a McGrath(R) MAC video laryngoscope provides a better glottic view and the Frova Intubating Introducer is a useful device for placing an endotracheal tube through the glottis. We report a successful endotracheal intubation with use of the McGrath(R) MAC video laryngoscope and Frova Intubating Introducer in a patient with Pierre Robin syndrome.
Airway Management ; Glottis ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngoscopes* ; Pierre Robin Syndrome* ; Railroads ; Retrognathia ; Vocal Cords

BACKGROUND: The glottis can be exposed by a Glidescope(R) during endotracheal intubation using either the epiglottis or valleculae elevation method. We compared the epiglottis and valleculae elevation methods for endotracheal intubations performed with a Glidescope(R) using differences in success rate, time spent for tracheal intubation and percent of glottic opening. METHODS: Forty medical students without experience using a Glidescope(R) participated in this prospective, randomized study in which they intubated a tracheal tube into a manikin. All participants performed tracheal intubation using the 2 forementioned methods. Twenty students exposed the vocal cord by placing the blade tip in the valleculae (valleculae elevation method; VEM). The other 20 students directly elevated the epiglottis with the blade (epiglottis elevation method; EEM). We separated intubating time into 3 parts: turnaround time to exposing the vocal cord, tube passing time and first ventilating time. RESULTS: The success rate of tracheal intubation using VEM (86.7%, 104/120) was higher than that using EEM (65.8%, 79/120) (p < 0.001). VEM resulted in a lower total intubation time (VEM vs. EEM, 23.5 +/- 5.3 vs. 29.0 +/- 8.7, p = 0.001). The key factor of this difference was the tube passing time (VEM vs. EEM, 7.4 +/- 2.5 vs. 12.8 +/- 7.4, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Exposing the vocal cord by using VEM during tracheal intubation with a Glidescope(R) can increase the success rate of tracheal intubation and shorten the time of endotracheal intubation in novices.
Epiglottis ; Glottis ; Humans ; Intubation* ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Laryngoscopes ; Manikins ; Methods* ; Prospective Studies ; Students, Medical ; Vocal Cords

The vocal lesions, particularly vocal polyps, are generally benign and cause hoarseness. We report a case of a vocal polyp that causes nearly complete airway obstruction. A 42-year-old man was presented with progressive hoarseness and dyspnea aggravated during sleep for the last 2 days. He was required immediate laryngomicrosurgery to relieve airway obstruction. A giant vocal polyp was originated from the right true vocal cord and obstructed the glottis and subglottis almost completely. But, there was no difficuly in intubation. The vocal polyp was removed completely via laryngomicrosurgery. The preoperative symptom of dyspnea disappeared after removal of vocal polyp. There was no evidence of recurrence 6 months after surgery.
Adult ; Airway Obstruction ; Dyspnea ; Glottis ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Intubation ; Polyps* ; Recurrence ; Vocal Cords

BACKGROUND: Endotracheal intubation in patients with compromised cervical vertebrae and limited mouth opening is challenging, however, there are still limited options available. Among devices used for managing difficult airways, the Clarus Video System (CVS) might have considerable promise due to its semi-rigid tip. We evaluated the performance of CVS in patients with simulated difficult airways. METHODS: Philadelphia cervical collars were applied to 74 patients undergoing general anesthesia. The degree of simulated difficult airway was assessed by observing laryngeal view using McCoy laryngoscope; modified Cormack and Lehane grade (MCL) ≥ 3a (high-grade group, n = 38) or ≤ 2b (low-grade group, n = 36). Subsequently, patients were intubated using CVS by a blinded practitioner. We evaluated total time to intubation, intubation success rate, and conditions of intubation. RESULTS: Intubation took significantly longer time for the high-grade group than that for the low-grade group (38.2 ± 25.9 seconds vs. 27.9 ± 6.2 seconds, time difference 10.3 seconds, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–19.2 seconds, P < 0.001). However, CVS provided similar high intubation success rates for both groups (97.4% for the high-grade and 100% for the low-grade group). During intubation, visualization of vocal cords and advancement into the glottis for the high-grade group were significantly more difficult than those for the low-grade group. CONCLUSIONS: Although intubation took longer for patients with higher MCL laryngeal view grade, CVS provided high intubation success rate for patients with severely restricted neck motion and mouth opening regardless of its MCL laryngeal view grade.
Anesthesia, General ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Female ; Glottis ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal* ; Laryngoscopes ; Mouth ; Neck ; Vocal Cords

T1 glottic carcinoma is part of early laryngeal carcinoma which involves the vocal cords, including anterior commissure or posterior commissure. We analyzed the treatment options of T1 glottic carcinoma by reviewing the related literatures about T1 glottic carcinoma treated by conservative surgery (open surgery and laser microsurgery), radiotherapy, robot surgery, photodynamic treatment.
Glottis ; pathology ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; therapy ; Laser Therapy ; Microsurgery ; Vocal Cords

Laryngomalacia is the most common congenital anomaly that causes inspiratory stridor and airway obstruction in the newborn. Symptoms begin to appear after weeks of age, become worse at 4-8 months, improve between 8-12 months, and usually heal naturally at 12-18 months. Despite these common natural processes, the symptoms of the disease can be very diverse and, in severe cases, require surgical treatment. The diagnosis can be made by suspicion of clinical symptoms and direct observation of the larynx with the spontaneous breathing of the child. Typical laryngeal features include omega-shaped epiglottis, retroflexed epiglottis, short aryepiglottic fold, poor visualization of the vocal folds, and edema of the posterior glottis, including inspiratory supra-arytenoid tissue prolapse. In this review, we discuss the classification and treatment based on symptoms and laryngoscopic findings in patients with laryngomalacia.
Airway Obstruction ; Child ; Classification* ; Comorbidity ; Diagnosis ; Edema ; Epiglottis ; Glottis ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Laryngomalacia* ; Larynx ; Prolapse ; Respiration ; Respiratory Sounds ; Vocal Cords