The effect of captopril on proteinuria was evaluated in twenty patients with various glomerular diseases excreting heavy proteinuria (> 3.0 g/day). Captopril in a daily dose of 37.5 mg was administered orally three times a day to all patients and they were followed for eight weeks. Twenty-four hour urinary excretion of protein, creatinine, sodium, selective protein index (SPI), and blood chemistry including serum electrolytes were measured every two weeks. Twenty-four hour urinary protein excretion per gram creatinine started to fall within two weeks of captopril administration and became nearly stable after four weeks of therapy (p< 0.05). Mean 24-hour urinary protein excretion decreased significantly from a pretreatment value of 9.0 +/- 6.0 gm/gm of cr. to 4.4 +/- 3.5 gm/gm of cr. after eight weeks of captopril treatment. The serum albumin level increased progressively at six and eight weeks after the captopril treatment period and was significantly higher than the pretreatment value (p< 0.05). The decrease in proteinuria did not coincide with a fall in blood pressure or any changes in creatinine clearance. We conclude that captopril does have a significant antiproteinuric effect in patients excreting heavy proteinuria with various glomerular diseases. However, the long term therapeutic efficacy and any renal protective effect of this drug remain to be proven.
Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Captopril/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis/*drug therapy ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA/*drug therapy ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/*drug therapy ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; Proteinuria/*drug therapy ; Sodium/urine ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

The paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome can be diagnosed by clinical and immunologic features. We have had a case of paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome in the patients with aadeno-carcinoma of the lung, whose diagnosis was made by excluding other causes of nephrotic syndrome. The type of renal lesion was membranous glomerulopathy which commonly occurs in carcinoma. The quantity of proteinuria in this patient had decreased according to the improvement of lung cancer with combination chemotherapy. After fourth chemotherapy he was refractory to treatment, and unfortunately he had passed away with cardiac tamponade.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Cardiac Tamponade ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous* ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; Proteinuria

Paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome can be diagnosed from its clinical and immunological features. The development of several types of glomerular injury in patients with cancer have been recognized, and are considered as paraneoplastic syndrome. Most prominent are the occurrence of membranous glomerulonephritis in patients with carcinomas. We report a case of a 60-year-old-man with small cell lung cancer presenting as nephrotic syndrome. A renal biopsy revealed membranous glomerulonephritis. Six lots of chemotherapy were administerd, which led to a complete tumor response with total resolution of the nephrotic syndrome following treatment.
Biopsy ; Drug Therapy* ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous* ; Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma*

C1q nephropathy is a rare type of glomerulonephritis manifested as the deposition of C1q in the glomerular mesangium during immunofluorescent staining. Systemic lupus erythematosus and type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephropathy need to be excluded in the diagnosis of C1q nephropathy. C1q nephropathy has various manifestations under a light microscope, mainly including minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and proliferative glomerulonephritis. This disease is mainly manifested as persistent proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome and occurs more frequently in boys. Currently, glucocorticoids are mainly used for the treatment of this disease. Patients with C1q nephropathy show a good response to immunosuppressant treatment, but have a high rate of glucocorticoid resistance. Therefore, in this case, methylprednisolone pulse therapy or a combination with immunosuppressant treatment helps to achieve a good prognosis.
Complement C1q ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Glomerulonephritis ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Prognosis

Glomerulonephritis, Membranous ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rituximab ; therapeutic use

Objective To investigate the prognosis predictors of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis treated with glucocorticoid(GC).Methods The clinicopathological data of patients with biopsy-confirmed ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis were retrospective analyzed by retrieving the medical database in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2000 to May 2015. Pathological categories were re-classified. Renal remission rates,infection rates,and death events were compared between intravenous glucocorticoid(GC)pulse therapy group and non-pulse group. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze factors influencing the short-term prognosis.Results Among the 81 patients with ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis,49(60.5%)received GC pulse therapy and 32(39.5%)did not. The GC pulse group had significantly lower estimated glomerular filtration rate at baseline(eGFR0)than the non-pulse group(t=3.003,P=0.015)but significantly higher 24-hour urinary protein(24 hUP)(t=2.394,P=0.002)and Birmingham Systemic Vasculitis Activity Score(BVAS)(t=0.049,P=0.013). There was no significant difference in the cumulative amount of cyclophosphamide(CTX)(t=1.336,P=0.245)between these two groups. The overall renal remission rate of GC pulse group in the 6 month was significantly lower(48.7% vs. 79.3%;χ =6.591,P=0.024). Univariate analysis showed that baseline 24 hUP(t=6.222,P=0.017),eGFR0(t=3.727,P=0.046),and pathological category(χ =7.654,P=0.045)were associated with the overall renal remission rate in the 6 month. Multivariate analysis showed the crescent category was an independent factor(OR=20.63,95%CI:2.217-191.973,P=0.008;compared with sclerotic category)for overall renal remission rate in the 6 month,while GC pulse therapy was not an predictor(OR=0.271,95%CI:0.062-1.179,P=0.082). A total of 37 patients experienced infections within 6 months. The infection rate in GC pulse group(55.1%,27/49)was significantly higher than that of non-pulse group(31.3%,10/32)(P=0.042). Univariate regression analysis showed that eGFR0(t=1.912,P=0.049),baseline BVAS(t=-3.360,P=0.001)and GC pulse(χ =6.249,P=0.014)were associated with infection events within 6 months. Multivariate analysis showed that the baseline BVAS was the only predictor with 1.089 times for every 1 point increase in BVAS(OR=1.089,95%CI:1.006-1.179,P=0.034). Conclusions Crescentic category favors renal remission independently compared with sclerotic category. Patients with crescentic category may benefit more from intensive treatment. BVAS acts as an independent risk factor of infection.
Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic ; Glomerulonephritis ; drug therapy ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

The pathomechanisms of glomerulosclerosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN) are considered to be related with glycometabolism disorder, podocyte injury, intra-renal hemodynamics abnormality, fibrogenic cytokines over-expression, oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction. Chinese herbal medicine could delay the progression of glomerulosclerosis in DN by ameliorating the harmful factors of these pathological changes. Therefore, it is possible to postpone the progress of DN to end-stage renal disease through the treatment with Chinese herbal medicine.
Animals ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; drug therapy ; immunology ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Glomerulonephritis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthritis, Reactive ; drug therapy ; Drug Combinations ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Isoxazoles ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

Kaposi's sarcoma is a neoplasm of multifocal origin which manifests primarily as vascular nodules in the skin and other organs. Kaposi's sarcoma in iatrogenically immunocompromised patients is the result of immunosuppressive therapy in organ-transplant recipients, autoimmune disease patients and cytotoxic chemotherapy in cancer patients. We report a case of Kaposi's sarcoma in a 50-year-old man who developed well-defined purple-colored papules and plaques on both hands and feet after prednisolone treatment for underlying membranous glomerulonephritis. The histologic finding showed abnormally proliferated and dilated vessels, vascular slits, spindle-shaped cells and extravasated erythrocytes in the dermis. He was treated with cryotherapy, and the dosage of prednisolone was reduced. Improvement was seen in 6 weeks
Autoimmune Diseases ; Cryotherapy ; Dermis ; Drug Therapy ; Erythrocytes ; Foot ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous* ; Hand ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Middle Aged ; Prednisolone ; Sarcoma, Kaposi* ; Skin

BACKGROUNDThe efficacy and safety of immunosuppression for idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) are still controversial. Recent studies showed tacrolimus is effective in the treatment of IMN. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus (TAC) for IMN, we conducted a meta-analysis of published medical literatures.

METHODSStudies addressing the effect of tacrolimus in IMN were searched on PUBMED, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov (March 2013). Trials comparing tacrolimus with corticosteroid versus control group (cyclophosphamide with corticosteroid) were included. The quality of the studies was assessed using Jadad method. Statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.2 and the results were summarized by calculating the risk ratio (RR) for dichotomous data or the mean difference (MD) for continuous data with 95% confident interval (CI).

RESULTSA total of four studies (259 patients) were included. It was shown that therapy with tacrolimus plus corticosteroid had a higher complete remission rate compared to therapy with cyclophosplamide plus corticosteroid (RR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.05-2.24, P < 0.05), but not significant on total remission, partial remission and adverse effects. Also, no significant alterations were observed in proteinuria and serum albumin level between the two groups. During the entire follow-up period, serum creatinine level remained stable in both groups without = 50% increase in its level.

CONCLUSIONSTAC is more effective than cyclophosphamide (CTX) by achieving complete remission in patients with IMN. Multi-ethnic RCTs are needed to evaluate its long-term efficacy and safety.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; therapeutic use ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Tacrolimus ; therapeutic use