Retinal dysplasia is an abnormal differentiation of the retina at embryonal retina stage with proliferation of its elements into rosettes, fold, and gliosis and it is very difficulat to distinguish between the various types of intraocular disease, especilaly retinoblastoma. We experienced a case of unilateral retinal dysplasia without systemic abnormalities occurring in a 5 months old boy. It was clinically suspected Retinoblastoma, which was proved to be Retinal Dysplasia by histopathologic examination.
Gliosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retina ; Retinal Dysplasia* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retinoblastoma

Retinal dysplasia is defined as an abnormal differentiation of the retina with proliferation of its elements into resettes, folds, and gliosis. The clinical presentation is usually bilateral with a variety fo systemic abnormalities. We experienced a case of unilateral retinal dysplasia without systemic abnormalities occurring in a 2-month-old girl who underwent an enucleation of her right eye because of the possibility of retinoblastoma. We reviewed the available literatures regarding this disease.
Female ; Gliosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Retina ; Retinal Dysplasia* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retinoblastoma

Retinal dysplasia is defined as an abnormal differentiation of the retina with proliferation of its elements into resettes, folds, and gliosis. The clinical presentation is usually bilateral with a variety fo systemic abnormalities. We experienced a case of unilateral retinal dysplasia without systemic abnormalities occurring in a 2-month-old girl who underwent an enucleation of her right eye because of the possibility of retinoblastoma. We reviewed the available literatures regarding this disease.
Female ; Gliosis ; Humans ; Infant ; Retina ; Retinal Dysplasia* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Retinoblastoma

We report a case of disseminated calcific cysticercosis of brain, accompanied with marked hydrocephalus. Histopathologically, the calcific spots consisted of mummified scolex and bladder of cysticercus cellulosae with a diffuse calcification, but no area of cystic change were noted. Surrounding brain tissue showed a dense fibrous reaction and gliosis with little foreign body reaction.
Brain* ; Cysticercosis ; Cysticercus ; Foreign-Body Reaction ; Gliosis ; Hydrocephalus ; Urinary Bladder

PURPOSE: To characterize the CT and MR findings in patients with meningioangiomatosis(MA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four patients (18 to 53 years old, two females and two males) with MA were retrospectively reviewed. CTwas used in four cases and MR in three. Pathologic specimens were obtained from all four. RESULT: All lesions were located in the cortical and subcortical areas and showed spotty(n=1), popcornlike(n=2), or gyral(n=1) calcification. The mass were associated with surrounding edema and gliosis. In two patients, lesions were multiple and were accompanied by eccentric cysts. CONCLUSION: MA is a surgically correctable benign disease. Its radiologic characteristics are cortical or subcortical mass with various calcifications, associated peripheral edema and gliosis.
Edema ; Female ; Gliosis ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: The advent of high resolution magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) contributed to the preoperative localization of epileptogenic area. Even the discrete lesion visualized on MRI can be often correlated with seizure onset zone. If MRI does not, however, show any lesions in the extratemporal epilepsy, it imposes a significant challenge. This study is designed to evaluate the surgical treatment of extratemporal lobe epilepsy in which MRI does not show any lesion, to define the surgical strategy and to investigate the underlying pathology. METHODS: We studied the nineteen patients with MRI-negative extratemporal epilepsy who underwent resective surgery after careful preoperative investigation between 1993 and 1995. RESULTS: Scalp EEG could not lateralize the epileptogenic foci in 9 patients. Intracranial EEG recording was performed in all patients with successful localization: depth electrode study in 12, and subdural grid and strip study in 7 patients. Resection was performed in frontal(n=14), in parietal(n=3), and in multilobar area(n=2). Pathological findings comprised cortical dysplasia in 10, gliosis in 7, and collagenoma in one patients. The surgical outcome was classified as seizure free in 10, rare seizures in 2, significant reduction in 5, and no change in 2 patients. CONCLUSION: MRI-invisible extratemporal epilepsy can be managed surgically with promising results. Cortical dysplasia and gliosis are two major pathological findings in this context though MRI does not demonstrate any lesions.
Electrodes ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy* ; Gliosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; Pathology ; Scalp ; Seizures

The cases of 33 patients with cervical spondylosis, who had preoperative magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and surgical intervention, were reviewed. There were areas of increased signal intensity on T2 weighted image in 13 patients out of 33 patients, whereas there were none in the other 20. The pre- and postoperative clinical condition, severity of cord compression and preoperative value of somatosensory evoked potentials(SSEP) of patients whose preoperative MRI showed areas of increased signal intensity in the spinal cord on T2 weighted image were worse than that of the patients who did not have areas of increased signal intensity. The areas of increased signal intensity on T2 weighted image in spinal cord might be edema, cord gliosis, demyelination, or microcavities.
Demyelinating Diseases ; Edema ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Gliosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Spinal Cord ; Spondylosis*

Cerebral cysticercosis may produce many complications and various types of tissue reactions to the parenchyma of the brain. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the nature of the reactions of the brain tissue responding to a direct contract with the fluid contents of cysticercus cyst. The experiments were performed in 15 albino rats in which the brain lesions were made on the frontal region by injecting the fluid contents which was obtained from subcutaneous nodules of human patient with cysticercosis. The fluid contents, 0.5 ml for each animal, was injected with 26 gauge hypodermal needle into the left cerebral hemisphere beneath the cortex for experimental group, and same amount of normal saline into the right hemisphere indentical to the region of the left for the control group. Histopathological studies were carried out on the brain lesions at interval of 3 days, 7 days and 15 days following injection of the contents and normal saline. Findings of generalized and regional edema of the brain were observed in varying degrees, which were evident and severe in 3-day and 7-day experimental groups and decreasing in severity thereafter. In the group of normal saline injection, the microscopic findings of the lesions were mainly of a mild inflammatory reactions with scattered fibroblast or condensation of the nervous tissue. In 3-day experimental group, there were pleomorphic infiltration of neutrophils and histiocytes. In 7-day experimental group, there were prominent cellular reaction, gliosis and vascular proliferation more than those observed in 3-day group. In 15-day experimental group, inflammatory cells and gliosis were reduced in number and degree, but definitive granuloma with proliferation of vascular fibroblast in its outer layer was developed.
Animals ; Brain ; Cerebrum ; Cysticercosis* ; Cysticercus ; Edema ; Fibroblasts ; Gliosis ; Granuloma ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Needles ; Neutrophils ; Rats

A patient presenting with the characteristic clinical features of the dementia of Pick's type is described, in whom neuropathological examination of brain biopsy material revealed atypical features, including extensive subcotical gliosis with mild cortical neuronal loss and without any neuronal cytoskeletal inclusions (Pick bodies, neurofibrillary tangles, and Lewy bodies) and amyloid deposits (senile plaques). And she has the suggestive family history of the same clinical features in her two brothers. So, the clinical and pathological features are discussed with particular reference to typical Alzheimer's disease and Pick's disease, and it is proposed that the case should be classified as familial progressive subcortical gliosis.
Alzheimer Disease ; Biopsy ; Brain ; Dementia ; Gliosis* ; Humans ; Neurofibrillary Tangles ; Neurons ; Pick Disease of the Brain ; Plaque, Amyloid ; Siblings

Although secondary delayed neuronal death has been considered as a therapeutic target to minimize brain damage induced by several injuries, delayed neuronal death does not occur always. In this study, we investigated possible mechanisms that prevent delayed neuronal death in the ATP-injected substantia nigra (SN) and cortex, where delayed neuronal death does not occur. In both the SN and cortex, ATP rapidly induced death of the neurons and astrocytes in the injection core area within 3 h, and the astrocytes in the penumbra region became hypertropic and rapidly surrounded the damaged areas. It was observed that the neurons survived for up to 1-3 months in the area where the astrocytes became hypertropic. The damaged areas of astrocytes gradually reduced at 3 days, 7 days, and 1-3 months. Astrocyte proliferation was detectable at 3-7 days, and vimentin was expressed in astrocytes that surrounded and/or protruded into the damaged sites. The NeuN-positive cells also reappeared in the injury sites where astrocytes reappeared. Taken together, these results suggest that astroycte survival and/or gliosis in the injured brain may be critical for neuronal survival and may prevent delayed neuronal death in the injured brain.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Astrocytes ; Brain Injuries ; Brain* ; Gliosis ; Neurons* ; Substantia Nigra ; Vimentin