To evaluate clinical availability of the Dark Room Prone-position Test (DRPT), which is one of the provocative tests of angle-closure glaucoma, this study was carried out. Twenty nine patients (43 eyes) with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) were enrolled, and seventeen primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients (34 eyes) arld fourty one normal persons (82 eyes) were used as control group. After DRPT, P ACG showed statistically significant intraocu lar pressure (IOP) rise of 6.3 +/- 6.82mmHg as compared with group of POAG or normal 2.0 +/- 2.04mmHg and 1.4 +/- 1.47mmHg, respectively (p<0.05). Fifteen eyes among 43eyes (34.9%) of PACG showed DRPT positive defined as over 7mmHg rise after DRPT, and the final IOP of DRPT over 21mmHg showed significant DRPT positive (43.5%) than that of under 20mmHg (0.00%) (p<0.05). Glaucomatous attack was more occurred 1.9 times in DRPT postive group than in DRPT negative one.
Glaucoma, Angle-Closure* ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans

We retrospectively analyzed on the data of 189 eyes of 362 patients with glaucoma from January 1986 to December 1990 in the Department of ophthalmolgy of Chonnam National University Hospital. The following results were obtained. 1. The prevalence of glaucoma in all patients was about 1.92%. 2. The glaucoma patients consisted of 35.6% of secondary glaucoma, 30.5% of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 26.2% of primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG). Neovascular glaucoma (44.1 %) has the highest prevalence rate in secondary glaucoma. 3. The mean age of the patients with POAG was 52.5 year and PACG was 60.4 year. 4. In POAG, men were larger than women in number, but in PACG, women were larger than men. 5. The age group over 40 years old of POAG and PACG occupied 85.9% and that of secondary glaucoma did 82.2%. The incidence of glaucoma rises with advancing age. 6. There was no significant difference in laterality between left and right eyes. 7. At first visit, arcuate scotoma and paracentral scotoma were common glaucomatous visual field changes. According to above results, most patients with the glaucoma visited our hospital at advanced state, we should make an effort for early detection and education on the glaucoma.
Adult ; Education ; Female ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeollanam-do ; Male ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Scotoma ; Visual Fields

To find the factors that affect on the success rate of the trabeculectomy, we investigated 208 eyes of 158 patients with various types of glaucoma which had undergone trabeculectomy. The patients were followed up at least 3 month postoperatively. The criteria of success was maintenance of postoperative IOP below 21 mmHg. The total success rate was 89.4%. In young patients, the success rate was lower than that of older ones. The success rate of open angle glaucoma, acute angle closure glaucoma and chronic angle closure glaucoma were higher than that of congenital glaucoma and secondary glaucoma. Recently performed operation demonstrated higher success rate. The type of conjunctival flap, scleral flap and use of 5-fluorouracil were independent factors that affect on the success rate.
Fluorouracil ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Trabeculectomy*

PURPOSE: To compare the characteristics of visual field defect in primary open-angle glaucoma (HTG), normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (ACG). METHODS: We investigated the visual field defect of HTG (n=75), NTG (n=58), ACG (n=150) patients from March 2000 to November 2002. We compared the severity and asymmetry of the visual field defect in both eyes, the asymmetry of a more severely affected hemifield between both eyes, and the frequency of an early visual field defect with equivalently affected superior and inferior hemifield. RESULTS: The visual field defect was the severest in HTG, and the mildest in ACG. Asymmetry in severity of visual field defect between both eyes was the severest in HTG, and the mildest in NTG. The asymmetry of the affected hemifield between both eyes in terms of superior and inferior hemifields was most frequent in NTG. The frequency of the early visual field defect with equivalently affected superior and inferior hemifields occured mostly in NTG. ACG without an attack history had a more severe visual field defect than that with an attack history. CONCLUSIONS: The topographical pattern of the visual field defect was different in HTG, NTG, and ACG. There may be different pathophysiological mechanisms in the three types of primary glaucoma.
Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Visual Fields*

PURPOSE: To evaluate outcomes and factors associated with surgical failure in patients who underwent combined phacoemulsification and Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation. METHODS: This retrospective and longitudinal study enrolled 40 eyes (38 patients) that underwent combined phacoemulsification and AGV implantation. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), and number of antiglaucoma medications were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Complete success was defined as a last follow-up IOP of 6 to 21 mmHg without medication, qualified success as an IOP of 6 to 21 mmHg with medication, and failure as an IOP of >21 or <6 mmHg. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 18 ± 10 months. Preoperative diagnoses were chronic angle closure glaucoma (35.0%), neovascular glaucoma (22.5%), uveitic glaucoma (17.5%), primary open-angle glaucoma (15.0%), and other (10.0%). IOP decreased from a mean of 30.5 ± 8.7 to 14.5 ± 3.7 mmHg at the last follow-up visit (p < 0.001). Treatment was classified as qualified success in 18 eyes (45%), complete success in 15 (37.5%), and failure in seven (17.5%). Twenty-two eyes (55%) showed improvement in visual acuity. The most common postoperative complication was a transient hypertensive phase (five eyes, 12.5%). Tube-iris touch was associated with surgical failure (hazard ratio, 8.615; p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Combined phacoemulsification and AGV implantation is an effective and safe surgical option for patients with refractory glaucoma and cataract. Postoperative tube-iris touch is an indicator of poor prognosis.
Cataract ; Diagnosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma Drainage Implants ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Longitudinal Studies ; Phacoemulsification* ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

The author measured the thick of centre-cornea for 42 patients angle closure glaucoma and 16 patients open angle glaucoma. The results: Centre-cornea in angle closure glaucoma and high IOP is clearly thicker than open angle glaucoma and than angle closure glaucoma potential. In the angle closure glaucoma, the thick of centre-cornea decrease and come to normal after the operation 3 months. Thick of centre-cornea in open angle glaucoma high IOP, potential and Vietnamese normal are equivalent. In patient open angle glaucoma, the thick of centre-cornea is not changing after the trabeculectomy
Trabeculectomy ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Cornea ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle

PURPOSE: To compare the measured values of anterior chamber depth and angle in glaucoma patients using Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM) and Orbscan(TM) IIz Topography. METHODS: We measured the anterior chamber depth and angles of four directions in 26 eyes of 13 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, 26 eyes of 13 normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients, and 20 eyes of 10 angle closure glaucoma (ACG) patients, with UBM and Orbscan. RESULTS: The values of anterior chamber depth did not show any difference between UBM and Orbscan. The values for anterior chamber angle in POAG and NTG eyes were not different between UBM and Orbscan, but the values for all anterior chamber angles except the superior angle, measured with UBM were significantly larger than those for ACG measured by Orbscan. CONCLUSIONS: Both UBM and Orbscan showed similar results in the measurement of anterior chamber depth and angle in POAG and NTG patients, but showed different results in the anterior chamber angle for ACG patients. UBM will be more useful in evaluating the anterior chamber angle in ACG patients because it can assess the structures of the anterior chamber angle objectively.
Anterior Chamber* ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Low Tension Glaucoma ; Microscopy, Acoustic* ; Ultrasonography*

PURPOSE: To compare the central corneal thickness (CCT) in eyes of Korean subjects with primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) to other patients with glaucoma and control subjects. METHODS: Medical records of patients who underwent examination for glaucoma and pre-operative examination for cataract surgery between March 2009 and August 2012 in our clinic were reviewed. CCT was compared in normal control eyes, primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) eyes. RESULTS: The mean CCT of POAG eyes was significantly larger than that of normal control eyes, NTG eyes and PACG eyes (p = 0.027, 0.009 and 0.008, respectively). There was no significant difference in mean CCT between normal control eyes, NTG eyes or PACG eyes. CONCLUSIONS: PACG eyes had a CCT similar to that of NTG or normal eyes in Korean subjects.
Cataract ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure* ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Low Tension Glaucoma ; Medical Records

The viscoelastic substance has been used popularly in trabeculectomy. Hence, the authors compared the safety and postoperative influence in viscoelastic substance use group with non-use group in trabeculectomy. The authors evaluated 20 eyes of 10 open-angle glaucomatous patients undergoing trabeculectomy who had had no systemic disease, no ocular trauma history, and over 21 mmHg intraocular pressure though over 2 eye drops and over one time p.o. medications a day. One eye of these patients used viscoelastic substance(Viscoat(r), Alcon, U.S.A.)and the other did not. The authors measured intraocular pressure and anterior chamber depth at postoperative 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days and measured corneal endothelial cell numbers at preoperative and postoperative 1 month and examined complications such as anterior chamber hemorrhage, anterior chamber inflammation and cataract progression. Viscoelastic substance did not influence intraocular pressure, anterior chamber formation and corneal endothelial cell damage postoperatively in trabeculectomy(p>0.5). But as complications, intraoperative iris prolapse in two eyes, postoperative anterior chamber hemorrhage in a eye, and postoperative cataract progression in a eye developed and anterior chamber inflammation was also worse in the non-viscoelastic substance use group. Conclusively, the viscoelastic substance would reduce intraocular tissue damage, make intraoperative bleeding control easy and prevent anterior chamber collapse immediately after operation in trabeculectomy. Because only open angle glaucoma was studied in the present research, further study was applied to acute angle closure glaucoma, neovascular glaucoma which is apt to bleed, and glaucoma with cataract or uveitis in which intraoperative intraocular damage is minimized.
Anterior Chamber ; Cataract ; Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss ; Endothelial Cells ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Neovascular ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intraoperative Complications ; Iris ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Prolapse ; Trabeculectomy* ; Uveitis

PURPOSE: To examine the effect of stellate ganglion block (SGB) in various types of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. METHODS: The subjects were chosen from patients who visited our hospital for glaucoma and postoperative ocular hypertension in the 6-month period from A to B (Ed-give the dates). SGB was performed one or four times with 15 eyes from four types of glaucoma and postoperative ocular hypertension patients. The intraocular pressure (IOP) of eyes that had undergone SGB was checked after 1 hour following SGB. We investigated the efficacy of SGB on the 15 patients. RESULTS: In primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), early secondary glaucoma and post-operative ocular hypertension, the mean IOP of eyes that had undergone SGB decreased after 1 hour following SGB. However, in primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) and advanced secondary glaucoma, there was a rise in mean IOP after 1 hour following SGB. CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, SGB may be effective in treating POAG, early secondary glaucoma and postoperative ocular hypertension. However, in PACG and advanced secondary glaucoma, SGB may be considered to be harmful treatment modality.
Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Ocular Hypertension ; Stellate Ganglion*