PURPOSE: To evaluate posterior capsular opacity (PCO) using straylight and glare sensitivity meter and to compare availability of straylight and glare sensitivity with known methods for PCO evaluation. METHODS: Thirty-six pseudophakic eyes with PCO were selected for this study. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), straylight (C-quant, Oculus GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) and glare sensitivity (Binoptometer, Oculus GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) were measured before mydriasis. After mydriasis, PCO images were captured with a slit-lamp and analyzed using the Evaluation of Posterior Capsular Opacification (EPCO) program (EPCO software, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany). The same measurements were taken after capsulotomy and compared with pre-capsulotomy data. RESULTS: After capsulotomy, BCVA, EPCO score and straylight were improved with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Cases of PCO with mildly decreased visual acuity showed statistically significantly improved EPCO score and straylight (p < 0.05). Glare sensitivity did not show significant improvement but was statistically significantly correlated with straylight (p = 0.023, Rho = 0.732). CONCLUSIONS: Straylight is an available measurement for evaluation of PCO. Glare sensitivity meter which correlates with straylight can be used as a supportive measurement.
Glare* ; Mydriasis ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate posterior capsular opacity (PCO) using straylight and glare sensitivity meter and to compare availability of straylight and glare sensitivity with known methods for PCO evaluation. METHODS: Thirty-six pseudophakic eyes with PCO were selected for this study. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), straylight (C-quant, Oculus GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) and glare sensitivity (Binoptometer, Oculus GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) were measured before mydriasis. After mydriasis, PCO images were captured with a slit-lamp and analyzed using the Evaluation of Posterior Capsular Opacification (EPCO) program (EPCO software, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany). The same measurements were taken after capsulotomy and compared with pre-capsulotomy data. RESULTS: After capsulotomy, BCVA, EPCO score and straylight were improved with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Cases of PCO with mildly decreased visual acuity showed statistically significantly improved EPCO score and straylight (p < 0.05). Glare sensitivity did not show significant improvement but was statistically significantly correlated with straylight (p = 0.023, Rho = 0.732). CONCLUSIONS: Straylight is an available measurement for evaluation of PCO. Glare sensitivity meter which correlates with straylight can be used as a supportive measurement.
Glare* ; Mydriasis ; Visual Acuity

BACKGROUND: Photography is one of the most objective methods in the clinical evaluation of acne. To standardize the quality of photographs, it is essential to standardize variables including focus distance, exposure time, posture and removal of flash glare but this is still insufficient. Cross polarizing photography (CPP) with a stereotactic device (STD) is a possible solution. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the feasibility of photographic assessment using CPP with STD instead of direct inspection in Korean acne patients. METHODS: Sixty patients with acne (mean age=23.4, M=29, F=31) were enrolled in this study. Pictures using CPP with STD were taken three times during a 4-week period. Inflamed acne lesions that were counted at each visit were compared to the photographic assessment in a double-blind manner. To assess the quality of the picture, conventional photographs using a digital camera were also taken. RESULTS: The coefficient of correlation between direct lesional counting and photographic counting was 0.80. Photographic counting showed slightly higher results than direct counting. There was also a high coefficient of correlation (ranging from 0.78 to 0.85) among the inter-rater correlation which was 0.92. Photographs taken by CPP with STD showed an excellent quality in evaluating inflamed lesions of acne. Reduced glare and exact posture allowed for the detection of subtle lesions, that could not be seen in conventional pictures. CONCLUSION: Photography using CPP with STD is an objective, convenient and reproducible method for Korean acne patients. This method can be applied in evaluation of therapeutic response in clinics and clinical studies.
Acne Vulgaris* ; Glare ; Humans ; Photography* ; Posture

PURPOSE: To compare contrast sensitivity (CS) and glare in patients that received 4 different types of intraocular lenses with different optical edge design. METHODS: The study enrolled 120 patients (135 eyes) undergoing phacoemulsification and implantation of 4 different types of intraocular lenses with different optical edge designs. The procedure was performed by a single surgeon. The patients were tested at 2 months after surgery with ACV (Visual Capacity Analyzer, L2 Informatique, France) to measure CS and glare. RESULTS: In the patients who received LI61SE (13 eyes) and LI61U (46 eyes), we found no significant difference in glare but the patients who received LI61SE had more increased contrast sensitivity at spatial frequency 19 cpd in the monitor illuminator of 100 cd/m2 and 30 cd/m2. In patients who received MA60BM (47 eyes) and AR40e (29 eyes), we found the patients who received AR40e had more decreased glare and more increased CS at frequency 19 cpd in the monitor illuminator when it was set at 100 cd/m2 and 30 cd/m2. CONCLUSIONS: The patients who received LI61SE had more increased CS at high spatial frequency than the patients who received LI61U. The patients who received AR40e had more decreased glare and more increased CS at high spatial frequency than patients with MA60BM.
Contrast Sensitivity* ; Glare* ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Phacoemulsification

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the different features of such instruments and how they cause ocular fatigability. METHODS: Under the same settings and circumstances, 75 participants were asked to read the novel, "You without me?" in different formats including paper book, E-book (biscuit(R), Interpark Inc., LG INNOTECK LTD, Korea) and LCD reader (iPad(R), Apple Inc., United States). For every 10 minutes of reading, 10 minutes of rest was provided. After finishing the novel, the participants were asked to complete a questionnaire, and the data obtained were statistically analyzed using univariate analysis. RESULTS: Compared to paper book readers (1.93), LCD readers (2.40) complained of insufficient lubrication in the eye (p = 0.038), and experience more letter-floating illusions (1.92) than did paper book readers (1.49) (p = 0.043). Moreover, compared to the other formats including the E-book (20%) and paper book (8%), LCD readers (72%) experienced more significant glare symptoms (n = 23) and could read at a faster rate than the other groups of readers (n = 26). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, the I-Pad caused ocular fatigability more easily than the other formats examined. No statistical significance of ocular discomfort or fatigability was observed among the different format groups. Further investigation with a greater number of age-controlled participants should be conducted prior to designing a study to determine the best format for reading.
Dry Eye Syndromes ; Eye ; Glare ; Illusions ; Lubrication ; Multimedia ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: To evaluate of the mesopic vision and glare in normal subjects and post-LASIK patients by using mesoptometer. METHODS: One hundred sixty eyes of eighty subjects with normal vision and no ocular disease were divided into four groups. Each twenty subjects were followed up for more than 3 months and the authors tested the mesopic vision and glare disability with Mesotest II. The authors also measured eighty eyes of forty patients by same means depending on pupil size and high order root mean square (RMS) values before LASIK surgery in 1st and 3rd months postoperatively and compared with data of normal subjects. RESULTS: The mesopic vision and glare disability at 1: 5 contrast level were extremly reduced in the group over 60 age old but there was no statistical significance. In post-LASIK patients, mesopic vision and glare disability were significantly reduced in 1st month after surgery. However the values returned nearly to preoperative figures in 3rd month. Patients with large pupil and high order RMS values reduced more in mesopic vision and glare disability but there was not statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The mesopic vision and glare disability were reduced in older age group and they were reduced in the patients with large pupils and high order RMS values in the early postoperative period after LASIK.
Glare* ; Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ ; Mesopic Vision* ; Postoperative Period ; Pupil

We implanted aniridia intraocular lenses (aniridia IOL) on three cases with complaint of glare caused by traumatic or congenital aniridias combined with cataract or aphakia. Aniridia IOLs were fixed by scleral fixation on one aphakia with traumatic aniridia, and at the ciliary sulcus on one aphakia with traumatic aniridia and one congenital aniridia with cataract. After follow-up of at least 2 months, visual improvement, absence of glare and cosmetic acceptance was observed without any complication in all cases.
Aniridia* ; Aphakia ; Cataract ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glare ; Lenses, Intraocular*

PURPOSE: To analyze the fitting characteristics of contact lens, according to the clinical findings keratoconus of in Koreans. METHODS: The topographic indices were evaluated in 106 keratoconic eyes of the 53 patients, who had been followed up for at least 1 month, and their fitting pattern parameters retrospectively analyzed. The visual acuity, epithelial erosion, glare, daily lens wearing time, pain and the changes in the topographic indices were evaluated after fitting. RESULTS: The number of eyes fitted with spherical RGP, aspherical RGP and multicurve RGP were 19, 6 and 81 eyes with mean base curve radius (BCR) of 7.67, 7.17, and 6.76 mm, respectively. The Sim K and temporal K 3 mm from the center were significantly correlated with the BCR. 77 eyes achieved visual acuity of 20/30 or better, and the mean daily wearing time was 11.6 hours. Glare and pain were reported in 4 and 7 eyes, respectively, and progression of epithelial erosion was found in 8 eyes. The mean anterior elevation and sim Kmax in lens intolerable eyes were 0.0745 mm and 59.35 D, which were significantly higher than 0.0584 mm and 54.22 D in lens tolerable eyes. No progressive keratoconic changes were observed in the topographic indices for the eyes fitted with the multicurve lenses. CONCLUSIONS: Appropriate fitting guide-lines could be established by analyzing the fitting and clinical characteristics in keratoconus.
Glare ; Humans ; Keratoconus* ; Radius ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

We studied the postoperative visual outcome of 27 congenital cataract patients(45 eyes) whose preoperative vision was 0.1 or better. Twenty-seven eyes(60%) had nuclear cataract and 11 eyes(24.4%) capsular; 39 eyes(86.7%) bilateral and 6 eyes(13.3%) unilateral. Interms of surgical techniques employed, aspiration was performed in 32 eyes(71.1%), phacoemulsification in 13 eyes(28.9%). Intraocular lenses(IOLs) were implanted in 41 eyes(91.1%), of which the power of IOLs was 15 diopers or less in 19 eyes(46.3%). Prooperative best corrected vision ranged from 0.1 to 0.5. Postoperative corrected vision was 0.8 or better in 29 eyes(64.4%), 0.6 to 0.7 in 6 eyes(13.3%) and 0.5 or worse in 10 eyes(22.2%). Among the eyes with 0.8 or better vision, one eye had unilateral cataract and 28 eyes bilateral. Among 16 eyes(35.8%) with 0.7 or worse vision. 5 eyes had unilateral cataract and 11 eyes bilateral. Bilateral cases showed better visual outcome than unilateral. We had been reserving the operation on congenital cataract patients with possible unclear visual outcome due to postoperative complications and am blyopia. However, cataract extraction and IOL implantation improved not only vision but also subjective symptoms, such as glare and knitting brow, in congenital cataract patients with 0.1 or better corrected vision and without any associated ocular or systemic diseases. The results of this study suggest that cataract extraction and IOL implantation may well improve vision and subjective symptoms in selected congenital cataract patients.
Cataract Extraction ; Cataract* ; Glare ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification ; Postoperative Complications

PURPOSE: The present study is a case report of 2 patients (4 eyes) whose symptoms subsided after corneal tattooing over the iridotomy site for persistent and excessive glare, which developed after iridotomy for phakic intraocular lens implantation. CASE SUMMARY: Two patients developed excessive glare symptoms after receiving iridotomy as a pre-procedure for phakic intraocular lens implantation. Case 1 and Case 2 showed persistent glare symptoms over a period of 6 months. Corneal tattooing was performed on the patients by applying tissue dye to the corneal stroma over the iridotomy site. The symptom was evaluated by comparison of glare scores from 0 to 10 after the procedure with a score of 10 prior to the procedure. After corneal tattooing, patient 1 reported a score of 4 and patient 2 reported a score of 3, showing significant symptom improvements without additional complications. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal tattooing at the peripheral cornea in front of the iridotomy site for patients with persistent glare symptoms after prophylactic iridotomy was shown to be effective.
Cornea ; Corneal Stroma ; Glare ; Humans ; Phakic Intraocular Lenses ; Tattooing