PURPOSE: To evaluate posterior capsular opacity (PCO) using straylight and glare sensitivity meter and to compare availability of straylight and glare sensitivity with known methods for PCO evaluation. METHODS: Thirty-six pseudophakic eyes with PCO were selected for this study. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), straylight (C-quant, Oculus GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) and glare sensitivity (Binoptometer, Oculus GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) were measured before mydriasis. After mydriasis, PCO images were captured with a slit-lamp and analyzed using the Evaluation of Posterior Capsular Opacification (EPCO) program (EPCO software, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany). The same measurements were taken after capsulotomy and compared with pre-capsulotomy data. RESULTS: After capsulotomy, BCVA, EPCO score and straylight were improved with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Cases of PCO with mildly decreased visual acuity showed statistically significantly improved EPCO score and straylight (p < 0.05). Glare sensitivity did not show significant improvement but was statistically significantly correlated with straylight (p = 0.023, Rho = 0.732). CONCLUSIONS: Straylight is an available measurement for evaluation of PCO. Glare sensitivity meter which correlates with straylight can be used as a supportive measurement.
Glare* ; Mydriasis ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To evaluate posterior capsular opacity (PCO) using straylight and glare sensitivity meter and to compare availability of straylight and glare sensitivity with known methods for PCO evaluation. METHODS: Thirty-six pseudophakic eyes with PCO were selected for this study. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), straylight (C-quant, Oculus GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) and glare sensitivity (Binoptometer, Oculus GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) were measured before mydriasis. After mydriasis, PCO images were captured with a slit-lamp and analyzed using the Evaluation of Posterior Capsular Opacification (EPCO) program (EPCO software, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany). The same measurements were taken after capsulotomy and compared with pre-capsulotomy data. RESULTS: After capsulotomy, BCVA, EPCO score and straylight were improved with statistical significance (p < 0.05). Cases of PCO with mildly decreased visual acuity showed statistically significantly improved EPCO score and straylight (p < 0.05). Glare sensitivity did not show significant improvement but was statistically significantly correlated with straylight (p = 0.023, Rho = 0.732). CONCLUSIONS: Straylight is an available measurement for evaluation of PCO. Glare sensitivity meter which correlates with straylight can be used as a supportive measurement.
Glare* ; Mydriasis ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To compare contrast sensitivity (CS) and glare in patients that received 4 different types of intraocular lenses with different optical edge design. METHODS: The study enrolled 120 patients (135 eyes) undergoing phacoemulsification and implantation of 4 different types of intraocular lenses with different optical edge designs. The procedure was performed by a single surgeon. The patients were tested at 2 months after surgery with ACV (Visual Capacity Analyzer, L2 Informatique, France) to measure CS and glare. RESULTS: In the patients who received LI61SE (13 eyes) and LI61U (46 eyes), we found no significant difference in glare but the patients who received LI61SE had more increased contrast sensitivity at spatial frequency 19 cpd in the monitor illuminator of 100 cd/m2 and 30 cd/m2. In patients who received MA60BM (47 eyes) and AR40e (29 eyes), we found the patients who received AR40e had more decreased glare and more increased CS at frequency 19 cpd in the monitor illuminator when it was set at 100 cd/m2 and 30 cd/m2. CONCLUSIONS: The patients who received LI61SE had more increased CS at high spatial frequency than the patients who received LI61U. The patients who received AR40e had more decreased glare and more increased CS at high spatial frequency than patients with MA60BM.
Contrast Sensitivity* ; Glare* ; Humans ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Phacoemulsification

BACKGROUND: Photography is one of the most objective methods in the clinical evaluation of acne. To standardize the quality of photographs, it is essential to standardize variables including focus distance, exposure time, posture and removal of flash glare but this is still insufficient. Cross polarizing photography (CPP) with a stereotactic device (STD) is a possible solution. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the feasibility of photographic assessment using CPP with STD instead of direct inspection in Korean acne patients. METHODS: Sixty patients with acne (mean age=23.4, M=29, F=31) were enrolled in this study. Pictures using CPP with STD were taken three times during a 4-week period. Inflamed acne lesions that were counted at each visit were compared to the photographic assessment in a double-blind manner. To assess the quality of the picture, conventional photographs using a digital camera were also taken. RESULTS: The coefficient of correlation between direct lesional counting and photographic counting was 0.80. Photographic counting showed slightly higher results than direct counting. There was also a high coefficient of correlation (ranging from 0.78 to 0.85) among the inter-rater correlation which was 0.92. Photographs taken by CPP with STD showed an excellent quality in evaluating inflamed lesions of acne. Reduced glare and exact posture allowed for the detection of subtle lesions, that could not be seen in conventional pictures. CONCLUSION: Photography using CPP with STD is an objective, convenient and reproducible method for Korean acne patients. This method can be applied in evaluation of therapeutic response in clinics and clinical studies.
Acne Vulgaris* ; Glare ; Humans ; Photography* ; Posture

From March in 1991, central photorefractive keratectomy(CPRK) have performed to correct the 700 myopic eyes. With the example of 310 eyes posibly observed over 6 months after CPRK, studed whether it was corrected by retrospective examining. Especilly in the study of 150 patients collected by answering sheet then studied how discomfort they took through complication, and analyzed the cause of change and Indivisual degree of sansfaction with their myopic degree and postoperative permd. This study led to a conclusion that the milder myopia and the longer postoperative period, the more patients sansfaction increased. This is because the change of refractive power become stable and corneal haze decresase with time, Futhermore we dunk that corneal haze and regression occur more frequently in higher myopla, The CPRK is promising surgical treatment for patients with higher myopia but considerable further investigation and longer-term studies are needed to increase satisfaction.
Glare ; Humans ; Lasers, Excimer* ; Myopia ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies

We implanted aniridia intraocular lenses (aniridia IOL) on three cases with complaint of glare caused by traumatic or congenital aniridias combined with cataract or aphakia. Aniridia IOLs were fixed by scleral fixation on one aphakia with traumatic aniridia, and at the ciliary sulcus on one aphakia with traumatic aniridia and one congenital aniridia with cataract. After follow-up of at least 2 months, visual improvement, absence of glare and cosmetic acceptance was observed without any complication in all cases.
Aniridia* ; Aphakia ; Cataract ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glare ; Lenses, Intraocular*

PURPOSE: The present study is a case report of 2 patients (4 eyes) whose symptoms subsided after corneal tattooing over the iridotomy site for persistent and excessive glare, which developed after iridotomy for phakic intraocular lens implantation. CASE SUMMARY: Two patients developed excessive glare symptoms after receiving iridotomy as a pre-procedure for phakic intraocular lens implantation. Case 1 and Case 2 showed persistent glare symptoms over a period of 6 months. Corneal tattooing was performed on the patients by applying tissue dye to the corneal stroma over the iridotomy site. The symptom was evaluated by comparison of glare scores from 0 to 10 after the procedure with a score of 10 prior to the procedure. After corneal tattooing, patient 1 reported a score of 4 and patient 2 reported a score of 3, showing significant symptom improvements without additional complications. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal tattooing at the peripheral cornea in front of the iridotomy site for patients with persistent glare symptoms after prophylactic iridotomy was shown to be effective.
Cornea ; Corneal Stroma ; Glare ; Humans ; Phakic Intraocular Lenses ; Tattooing

The standard vision test using Snellen acuity is not always an accurate indicat or of functional vision loss. Acuity measures optical blur, but psudophakic eyes frequently do not affect optical blur. Therefore, acuity cannot provide relevant informations on the loss of vision experienced by the patients. Contrast sensitivity, not acuity, has been shown to be effective in determining functional vision loss due to psudophakic eyes. The MCT 8000(R), glare and contrast sensitivity system. was used for measurement of contrast sensitivity in 19 pseudophakic eyes at postoperative 1 month, 18 pseudophakic eyes at post-operative 3 months and 18 normal control eyes. The results were as follows: 1) Contrast sensitivity decreased in pseudophakic eyes compared to normal eyes in four different conditions; day vision, day vision with perpheral glare, night vision and night vision with central glare. 2) In pseudophakic eyes, contrast sensitivity was not different between 1 month and 3 months postoperatively.
Contrast Sensitivity* ; Glare ; Humans ; Night Vision ; Pseudophakia ; Vision Tests

We studied the postoperative visual outcome of 27 congenital cataract patients(45 eyes) whose preoperative vision was 0.1 or better. Twenty-seven eyes(60%) had nuclear cataract and 11 eyes(24.4%) capsular; 39 eyes(86.7%) bilateral and 6 eyes(13.3%) unilateral. Interms of surgical techniques employed, aspiration was performed in 32 eyes(71.1%), phacoemulsification in 13 eyes(28.9%). Intraocular lenses(IOLs) were implanted in 41 eyes(91.1%), of which the power of IOLs was 15 diopers or less in 19 eyes(46.3%). Prooperative best corrected vision ranged from 0.1 to 0.5. Postoperative corrected vision was 0.8 or better in 29 eyes(64.4%), 0.6 to 0.7 in 6 eyes(13.3%) and 0.5 or worse in 10 eyes(22.2%). Among the eyes with 0.8 or better vision, one eye had unilateral cataract and 28 eyes bilateral. Among 16 eyes(35.8%) with 0.7 or worse vision. 5 eyes had unilateral cataract and 11 eyes bilateral. Bilateral cases showed better visual outcome than unilateral. We had been reserving the operation on congenital cataract patients with possible unclear visual outcome due to postoperative complications and am blyopia. However, cataract extraction and IOL implantation improved not only vision but also subjective symptoms, such as glare and knitting brow, in congenital cataract patients with 0.1 or better corrected vision and without any associated ocular or systemic diseases. The results of this study suggest that cataract extraction and IOL implantation may well improve vision and subjective symptoms in selected congenital cataract patients.
Cataract Extraction ; Cataract* ; Glare ; Humans ; Phacoemulsification ; Postoperative Complications

PURPOSE: To compare the clinical outcomes of glistening-free intraocular lens (IOL) and conventional 1-piece aspheric IOL in implanted in-the-bag. METHODS: After phacoemulsification performed by a single surgeon, 2 different IOLs were implanted: enVista MX60 (glistening-free 1-piece aspheric IOL) in 38 eyes (group A) and AcrySof IQ (conventional 1-piece aspheric IOL) in 46 eyes (group B). Glare symptom score (0-5) obtained by questionnaires, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Functional Acuity Contrast Test (FACT), posterior capsular opacity (PCO), glistening formation and spherical equivalent error were compared and analyzed preoperatively and 6 months and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: A statistically significant improvement of BCVA and contrast sensitivity postoperatively was observed in all groups. There was statistically significant increase of glistening in group B compared with group A. However, there was no significant difference of FACT scores of spatial frequency in A, B, C, D and E columns and glare symptom score (0-10) obtained by questionnaires 12 months after surgery. Spherical equivalent errors were -0.38 +/- 0.27 D and -0.36 +/- 0.28 D for groups A and B, respectively. PCO occurred in 2 eyes in group A and 4 eyes in group B. CONCLUSIONS: EnVista MX60 IOL showed less glistening formation than AcrySof IQ IOL, however, there was no significant difference in terms of vision quality such as BCVA, FACT and glare symptom score at 12 months postoperatively.
Cataract* ; Contrast Sensitivity ; Glare ; Lenses, Intraocular* ; Phacoemulsification ; Visual Acuity