PURPOSE: The aim of this preliminary study was to determine the possible relationship between alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and periodontal disease in men with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 41 patients were divided into four groups. 9 with HH and periodontitis (P/HH), 11 with HH and gingivitis (G/HH), 12 with systemically healthy and periodontally healthy (H/C) and 9 with systemically healthy and periodontitis (P/C). The clinical evaluation of patients was based on the following parameters; the plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depths (PD) and attachment level (AL). The levels of ALP in the GCF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: No significant difference could be detected in the mean clinical parameter data between the P/HH and P/C groups (p > 0.05). The periodontitis patients in both groups (P/C and P/HH) had higher mean probing depths than the H/C and G/HH patients (p < 0.001). The concentrations and total amounts of ALP in the GCF were significantly higher in both periodontitis groups compared to healthy and gingivitis groups (p < 0.01). The serum ALP levels were significantly higher in the P/HH group when compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggested that HH could be implicated as a contributing factor to the progress of periodontal disease.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Alkaline Phosphatase/*metabolism ; Gingival Crevicular Fluid/*enzymology ; Humans ; Hypogonadism/diagnosis/*enzymology ; Male ; Periodontium/*enzymology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between smoking and gingival crevicular fluid volume (GCF), level of elastase (EA) in 37 severe periodontitis patients before and after 1 month periodontal initial treatment.

METHODSThe GCF samples were collected from 122 sites in 22 heavy smokers (>or= 20 cigarettes/day) and 90 sites in 15 non-smokers before and after 1 month periodontal initial treatment. There is no difference (P > 0.05) on pocket depth between smoking sites (5.6 +/- 1.2) mm and non-smoking sites (5.4 +/- 1.2) mm at baseline. The volume of each GCF sample was measured by Periotron 6000 and the elastase in GCF were determined by substrate (meosuc-als-als-pro-val-NA) method.

RESULTSAfter non-surgical treatment both GCF volume and elastase level were significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in both smokers and non-smokers. But the decrease of GCF volume (91 sites, 74.6%) and elastase level (70 sites, 76.1%) in smokers were significant lower (P < 0.01) than non-smokers (GCF, 88 sites, 97.8%; EA, 56 sites, 93.3%).

CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that smoking has effect on gingival crevicular fluid volume and elastase level of patients with periodontitis.

Adult ; Gingival Crevicular Fluid ; enzymology ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Elastase ; analysis ; Periodontitis ; metabolism ; therapy ; Smoking ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of smoking on the periodontium and level of aspartate aminotransferase in gingival cervical fluid (GCF-AST).

METHODSA proportion matched case-control filtration was performed in examined population, college students, outpatients from 1999 May to 2001 March 115 smokers aged from 23 to 65 years (102 men and 13 women) and 90 non-smokers aged from 25 to 70 years (80 men and 10 women) were chosen. Debris index (DI), calculus index (CI), periodontal disease index (PDI), GCF-AST were measured.

RESULTSNo obvious differences were observed in DI in smokers (0 degrees, 27.2%; 5 degrees, 5.0%) and non-smokers (0 degrees, 27.8%; 5 degrees, 4.2%),whereas obvious differences were found in CI in smokers and non-smokers. The percentages of patients without calculus were lower in smokers (9.8%) than in non-smokers (20.0%). The percentages of patients with weighty calculus were higher in smokers (25.4%) than in non-smokers (12.8%). The PDI values in smokers were higher than in non-smokers. The percentages of their normal periodontium were lower in smokers (9.6%) than in non-smokers (20.8%). The percentages of their periodontitis were higher in smokers (38.5%) than in non-smokers (25.8%). The smoking quantity were positively related to periodontitis (P < 0.001). No obvious differences were found in the level of GCF-AST with same PDI (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSmoking is considered as one of the risk factors in the prevalence of periodontal disease, but may not have any direct effect on GCF-AST.

Adult ; Aged ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Gingival Crevicular Fluid ; enzymology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Periodontitis ; etiology ; Periodontium ; enzymology ; Smoking ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the periodontal conditions after the wedge-shaped defect was restored by gingival retraction technique.

METHODSA total of 138 mandibular premolars with wedge-shaped defect were selected and divided into A, B groups. Group A was restored with Dyract after using retraction cord. Group B was directly restored with Dyract. Clinical parameters including plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing depth (PD), volumes of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and levels of aspartate aminotransferases (AST) of gingival crevicular fluid were measured at baseline, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after operation.

RESULTSThere was no difference in PLI, GI, SBI, PD between group A and B during 6 months after operation, while the difference of GCF and AST was significant between group A and B at 3 months and 6 months after operation (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSGingival retraction technique applied in wedge-shaped defect restoration can reduce the damage to the periodontal tissue.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; analysis ; Dental Plaque Index ; Dental Restoration, Permanent ; methods ; Female ; Gingival Crevicular Fluid ; enzymology ; Humans ; Male ; Periodontal Index ; Young Adult