No abstract available.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid* ; Periodontal Diseases*

A study aimed at the determination of the microbial flora in the gingival fluid and carries and paradontal bursal fluid. 30 persons in Dinh Dong commune, Thanh Tri district Hanoi classified as age, gender participated the study. The results have shown that there was a balance of the microbial flora in the mouth and gingival fluid and carries and paradontal bursal fluid. The imbalance occurred when gingivitis or periodontitis appeared. The highest increased microbials were anaerobic microbial and spirillum.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ; Dental Caries

The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of orthodontic force on the flow of gingival crevicular fluid and activities of arylsulfatase and brta-glucuronidase in crevicular fluid. The material consisted of 12 persons between the ages of 13 years and 22 years and all were categorized Class I, 4-4 extraction cases Crevicular fluids were sampled from distal crevis of each canine before treatment (phase 1), after bracketing (phase 2), after application of force (phase 3) and after run out of orthodontic force (phase 4). Crevicular fluid flow did not show any significant changes during the period of treatment. The activities of arylsulfatase increased significantly after setting of orthodontic appliance without application of force, but did not show any significant difference after application of force. The activities of beta-glucuronidase increased significantly after application of orthodontic force and decreased with force deminished. These indicated that beta-glucuronidase was good indicator of bone remodelling resulted from initial orthodontic force.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid* ; Glucuronidase ; Humans ; Orthodontic Appliances

No abstract available.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid* ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1* ; Matrix Metalloproteinases* ; Periodontitis*

OBJECTIVEGingival crevicular fluid (GCF) analysis of various inflammatory mediators has been investigated as a means of providing objective criteria of peri-implant tissue health. In this report, the crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8), GCF volume and clinical parameters were studied.

METHODSGCF was sampled from 35 healthy and 35 inflamed sites of implantation patients. IL-8 levels were analysed using ABC-ELISA. Clinical parameters were measured, and data analysis was performed using the software package SPSS10.0.

RESULTSSignificant difference was observed between healthy implant sites and peri-implantitis sites. GCF volume was positively correlated with PD, PI, GI and MOB. The total amount of IL-8 was positively correlated with PD and GI.

CONCLUSIONThis investigation suggested that GCF volume and IL-8 cytokine may be of value as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for peri-implantitis.

ABSTRACT Root resorption is a shortening of root dentine which occurs physiologically in deciduous teeth. The present study aimed to quantify dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during the physiological process of root resorption of deciduous teeth. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 25 children aged between 4 and 10 years old. GCF was collected from the gingival sulcus using periopaper strips from the upper first deciduous molar (n = 45). The samples were divided equally into three groups, no resorption (R0), moderate resorption (RM) and severe resorption (RS), based on the existing radiographs taken. The GCF samples were then analysed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit to determine the DSPP concentration levels and BioAssays System kit for AST and LDH. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the statistical differences between the means of the DSPP, AST and LDH concentration level in the three groups. A difference was considered significant when p < 0.05. High concentration levels of DSPP were significantly noted in RS (p < 0.05), compared to RM and R0. AST also portrayed significant high activity level (p < 0.05) similar to DSPP but LDH showed no significant changes between groups (p > 0.05). The high quantification of DSPP and AST levels in the severe and moderately resorbed roots indicated the potential use of this protein as a biomarker for detecting moderate-severe stages of root resorption.
Root Resorption ; Gingival Crevicular Fluid ; Dentin ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Lactate Dehydrogenases

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the subgingival prevalence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus-1 (EBV-1) in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients before and after treatment and to analyze the relationship between the prevalent variance and periodontal clinical parameters.

METHODSGingival crevicular fluids of 13 CP patients were collected at baseline, 2 weeks, 2 months and 4 months after periodontal mechanical treatment. HCMV and EBV-1 were detected using nested polymerase chain reaction (n-PCR).

RESULTSThe plaque index (PLI), probing depth (PD) and bleeding index (BI) of CP patients at 2 months, 4 months after periodontal mechanical treatment were evidently lower than before treatment, P < 0.01. These parameters at 4 months after treatment were higher than at 2 months, the differences were significant, P < 0.05. The prevalence of HCMV and EBV in CP patients was 42% (33/78), 14% (11/78). EBV and HCMV were mostly coexistent in the same site [9 sites HCMV(+) in 11 EBV positive sites]. The sites of HCMV(+) and EBV(+) were almost deep pockets. Thirteen of 14 sites with deep pockets were HCMV(+), 9 sites were deep pockets in 11 sites EBV(+). The prevalence of HCMV and EBV (8% and 0 respectively) at 2 weeks was the lowest in all four time points. The prevalence of HCMV and EBV at 2 weeks, 2 months and 4 months following treatment was significantly lower than baseline (P < 0.01), but the prevalence of HCMV (15%) at 2 months after treatment was higher than at 2 weeks (8%), the difference was not significant (P = 0.133).

CONCLUSIONSHerpesviruses may play a role in the development of CP. The changes of the prevalence of herpesviruses before the changes of clinical parameters could be detected after periodontal mechanical treatment. The patients should be re-evaluated and re-treated within 2 months after treatment.

OBJECTIVESTo study the essence of N-terminal amino acid sequence of 12 000-protein in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).

METHODSGCF samples from patients with RPP and AP were collected. 12 000-protein was separated by SDS-PAGE and transformed to PVDF by electronic transformation. The aim band was cut to be analyzed in 491 Protein Sequencer.

RESULTSThe first ten of N-terminal amino acid sequence of 12 000-protein in GCF was Met, Leu, Thr, Glu, Leu, Glu, Lys, Ala, Leu, Asn. Through checking up in MS-Edman, the sequence was similar to "Ca binding protein, MRP8" which is the light subunit of Calprotectin.

CONCLUSIONSCalprotectin is a major protein in granulocytes and monocytes, and is related to many inflammatory diseases, maybe served as a effective marker for evaluating the inflammation of periodontium.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the exerted force in different phases of the female menstrual cycle, as well as the changes in estrogen (E2), osteocalcin (OCN), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during orthodontic tooth movement, to provide a theoretical basis for the selection of the best opportunity for efficient tooth movement.

METHODSTwelve women (aged 18 years to 28 years) with extracted first premolars had been selected. Six women in the group were randomly selected as the menstrual period group, whereas the remaining six were assigned to the ovulation period group. Right canines were retracted with 1.5 N NiTi close coil spring. GCF samples were collected prior to the force exertion experiments at 0 (T0), 15 (T1), 30 (T2), and 45 d (T3). The levels of E2, OCN, OPG and RANKL in GCF were measured by chemiluminescence and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay.

RESULTSThe E2 and OCN levels were significantly higher in the ovulation period group than in the menstrual period group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in RANKL and OPG levels between the two groups (P > 0.05). Finally, no significant difference was found in RANKL/OPG ratio between the two groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONExerted force on teeth during the menstrual period may promote rapid tooth movement.

PURPOSE: In this study, we compared low-power CO2 laser treatment to ultrasonic scaling, which is generally approved as a power-driven mechanical instrumentation, and evaluated both of these treatments regarding their clinical effectiveness and change in the volume of in GCF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 20 patients who had gingivitis were selected. all of patients has no systemic problems. Randomly selected, one quadrant received ultrasonic scaling only, another quadrant received ultrasonic scaling and CO2 laser irradiation, the other quadrant received CO2 laser irradiation only. Clinical parameters measured at baseline, 1 weeks, 2weeks, 4weeks and 8weeks RESULT: Pocket probing depth and clinical attachment level were not changed during study period. Gingival index of all group were improved after treatment. At 1 weeks after treatment, Gingival index of ultrasonic scaling group was only significantly different compared to control group. At 2 weeks after treatment, gingival index of all experimental group were significantly different compared to control group. At 4 and 8 weeks after treatment, gingival index of all group were increased, but experimental group were lower than control group. Sulcus bleeding index was similar to the results of gingival index. At 1 weeks after treatment, all experimental group were significantly different compared to control group and it maintained during study. At 2 weeks after treatment, sulcus bleeding index of all group were lowest during study. Gingival crevicular fluid were measured with Periotron(R) 8000(Oraflow(R) , Inc. USA). At baseline, all group were showed moderately severe condition. At 1 week after treatment, laser treatment only group was reduced quantity of gingival crevicular fluid mostly, and all group were reduced quantity of gingival crevicular fluid. At 2 weeks after treatment, all group were healty state. At 4 and 8 weeks after treament, all group were showed recurrent of inflammation, and control group was the most significantly increased. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the effects of CO2 laser treatment were similar to conventional ultrasonic scaling and this result remained longer than plaque control only. These results suggest possibility of CO2 laser treatment for altered periodontal therapy.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ; Gingivitis ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lasers, Gas ; Periodontal Index ; Ultrasonics