The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics related to the musculoskeletal disorders in pediatric dentists and general dentists. This study was conducted based on the survey results of a total of 109 dentists who have been working for the last year. Forty - three pediatric dentists and 66 general dentists were surveyed through online survey tool. Both pediatric dentists and general dentists mainly complained of musculoskeletal disorders in the neck, shoulders, wrists, and back. Most pediatric dentists usually suffered from back pain due to their unbalanced posture while giving dental treatments. Pediatric dentists in sedative treatment felt more pain in particular part of their body, such as neck and shoulder. Regular exercise and stretching for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorder have been shown to mainly relieve pain in the back but no other parts in their body.

Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) is a hereditary disorder of dentinal defect. It is generally inherited as a single autosomal dominant trait. DI usually affects both the primary and permanent dentition. Affected teeth have various types of discolorations, rapid destruction of the dentin, and severe attrition. In radiologic view, the affected teeth have bulbous crowns, short roots and narrow or closed pulp chambers. The treatment objective is to prevent additional attrition and recover the vertical dimension of occlusion.The aim of this report was to present the long-term prognosis in 15 years in a pair of siblings. Both the patients had DI with tooth attrition and discoloration. Different treatment procedures were used, depending on the difference in the timing of intervention. The first patient saved most of his teeth. The second patient had all of her teeth extracted. This report could be helpful for early diagnosis and overall treatment of DI.

BACKGROUND: The proposal of the present study was to assess the cytokine imbalances such as serum levels of IL-2, IL-10 and TGF-β1 in childhood chronic ITP during the thrombocytopenic and spontaneous remission phases. The findings of this study are anticipated to offer new insights into the pathogenesis of childhood chronic ITP and the prognostic factors involved in spontaneous remission.METHODS: Ten children with chronic ITP, 6 thrombocytopenic and 4 recovered cases, were enrolled. Five healthy children and eight healthy adults were included in this study as controls. The serum levels of IL-2, IL-10 and TGF-β1 were measured by ELISA technique.RESULTS: During this study, four patients achieved spontaneous remission. The serum level of IL-10 was higher in the patients that recovered spontaneously compared to the patients with persistent chronic thrombocytopenia. The serum level of IL-2 was not able to be detected as the levels were too low for analysis. TGF-β1 showed no significant differences among the groups in this study.CONCLUSION: These data suggest that increased serum level of IL-10 could have prognostic significance in the natural course and long-term outcome of childhood chronic ITP.
Adult ; Child ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-2 ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic ; Remission, Spontaneous ; Thrombocytopenia

Oral mucocele is a common exophytic lesion resulting from the accumulation of saliva due to pathological changes in the minor salivary glands. It is typically asymptomatic and painless and characterized by semipermeable, fluctuant nodules. General treatment methods for mucocele include surgical excision, marsupialization, cryosurgery, and steroid injection. This case report presents the treatment of oral mucocele using micro-marsupialization and a tying method as minimally invasive techniques rather than surgical treatment. Based on this case report, it is suggested that micro-marsupialization and the tying method can be used as alternative methods for the treatment of oral mucocele infants and children with behavioral control problems.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the fracture resistance of reattached tooth according to the resin materials and tooth preparation type under physiological conditions.
Uncomplicated crown fracture in the oblique direction was reproduced on the extracted 64 anterior teeth. Depending on the composite resin material, reattachment was performed using a flowable resin and a packable resin. Depending on retentive forms, reattachment was performed using simple reattachment, 1.0 mm × 1.0 mm labial chamfer bevel, 1.0 mm × 1.0 mm lingual chamfer bevel and 1.0 mm × 1.0 mm circumferential bevel. A load was applied to the palatal surface of the tooth using a universal testing machine at an angle of 125 degree, which is the interincisal angle of normal children. Under the masticatory pressure condition, fracture resistance of lingual chamfer groups was 28.28 ± 7.41 MPa and 27.54 ± 4.45 MPa, which was significantly higher than those of simple reattachment groups, 17.21 ± 5.87 MPa and 20.10 ± 6.00 MPa, in both flowable and packable resin groups.
When considering the lingual force similar to masticatory pressure, the fragment retention was significantly improved when the lingual chamfer was formed compared to the simple reattachment. Clinicians may consider the design of the lingual chamfer in order to improve fracture resistance to masticatory pressure during fragment reattachment.

Floating-Harbor syndrome (FHS) is a rare genetic disorder. This report introduced in a patient with FHS. Distinctive facial characteristics, severe skeletal class 3 malocclusion with underdeveloped maxilla and protruded mandible, congenital missing teeth, microdontia and ectopic positions of maxillary teeth were presented in the patient. In his twin sister, mild skeletal class 3 malocclusion with protruded mandible was observed but congenital missing teeth and microdontia were not observed. High-arched palate, narrow V-shaped maxillary arch compared to wide and ovoid mandibular arch and inverse relationship between the maxillary and mandibular intermolar width resulted in posterior crossbite were confirmed by model analysis of the patient. These were not observed in the twins. Behaviorally, poor cooperation during dental treatment because of mental retardation was observed in the patient.

The purpose of this study was to analyze treatment methods, results, timings and clinical signs and symptoms in failed cases of each treatment method of dens evaginatus on the premolar areas. In this study, 151 patients and 417 teeth were included. Resin restoration and direct pulp capping as preventive treatment and pulp revascularization, apexification and conventional endodontic treatment as endodontic treatment were included for treatment methods. In the preventive resin restoration, successful results were shown in the intact tubercles and also effective when the tubercles were fractured. In the direct pulp capping, resolved clinical symptoms and growth of the roots were shown when there was only pain during chewing without apical lesion. Apical lesion was the most common pretreatment signs and symptoms of the pulp revascularization, apexification and conventional endodontic treatment. In the pulp revascularization, successful results was obtained in most cases. But in some cases, root length or root wall thickness was not increased. Effective results were shown both of the apexification and conventional endodontic treatment. In order to increase success rate of preventive treatment of dens evaginatus, resin restoration was required to be done when tubercle did not occluded or in the presence of intact tubercles. When tubercle was fractured, root development stage and pulp condition should be considered for successful treatment.

Ankylosis, the abnormal fusion of root cementum and surrounding bone, commonly affects primary molars, leading to space loss and infraocclusion. This often results in mesial tipping of the adjacent permanent molar, necessitating orthodontic intervention to regain space, upright the molar, and establish proper occlusion. In mixed dentitions, patient compliance and proper appliance design are critical, as inappropriate appliances can cause root resorption and undesirable tooth movements. This case report presents a three-step treatment approach for managing ankylosis using a novel fixed appliance that uses the ankylosed tooth as skeletal anchorage. The process includes 1) space regaining, 2) extraction of the ankylosed tooth, and 3) space maintenance for the successor tooth’s eruption. The fixed appliance, comprising a minitube, double-helical spring, free arm, and resin ball, was used to regain space and facilitate the eruption of the permanent successor by correcting the inclination of the adjacent first permanent molar. Two patients with mixed dentitions were treated successfully, achieving space regaining and molar uprighting without anchorage loss. This three-step treatment is simple, effective, and produces desirable outcomes in a short time, making it a promising alternative for pediatric patients with ankylosis, space loss, and mesial inclination of adjacent teeth. The novel appliance emphasizes the importance of stable and biocompatible anchorage in pediatric dentistry.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) crowns offer a provisional option for esthetic restorations in pediatric patients. PEEK has mechanical properties similar to dentin but exhibits low bond strength with luting cements. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on the bond strength between PEEK and four luting cements by measuring shear bond strength (SBS). Sixty specimens were divided into three surface treatment groups: control, sandblast, and 98% sulfuric acid, and further divided into four cement subgroups: methyl methacrylate (MMA)-based resin cement, composite-based resin cement, resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGI), and glass ionomer cement (GI). Failure modes and treated surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and wettability was assessed through water contact angle. Both surface treatment methods showed significantly higher SBS than the control. The combination of sulfuric acid treatment with MMA-based resin cement demonstrated the highest bond strength (11.25 ± 1.86 MPa), while the second highest value was observed with sandblasting combined with MMA-based resin cement. These values were significantly higher than other groups and exceeded the clinically acceptable SBS threshold of 10 MPa. SEM analysis revealed that sandblasting created irregular fissures with large grooves and cracks for improved micro-retention, while sulfuric acid treatment produced a complex fiber network with sponge-like porosities. Within the limits of this in vitro study, MMA- and composite-based resin cement application with sandblast or sulfuric acid surface treatment proved effective bonding methods.

Ankylosis, the abnormal fusion of root cementum and surrounding bone, commonly affects primary molars, leading to space loss and infraocclusion. This often results in mesial tipping of the adjacent permanent molar, necessitating orthodontic intervention to regain space, upright the molar, and establish proper occlusion. In mixed dentitions, patient compliance and proper appliance design are critical, as inappropriate appliances can cause root resorption and undesirable tooth movements. This case report presents a three-step treatment approach for managing ankylosis using a novel fixed appliance that uses the ankylosed tooth as skeletal anchorage. The process includes 1) space regaining, 2) extraction of the ankylosed tooth, and 3) space maintenance for the successor tooth’s eruption. The fixed appliance, comprising a minitube, double-helical spring, free arm, and resin ball, was used to regain space and facilitate the eruption of the permanent successor by correcting the inclination of the adjacent first permanent molar. Two patients with mixed dentitions were treated successfully, achieving space regaining and molar uprighting without anchorage loss. This three-step treatment is simple, effective, and produces desirable outcomes in a short time, making it a promising alternative for pediatric patients with ankylosis, space loss, and mesial inclination of adjacent teeth. The novel appliance emphasizes the importance of stable and biocompatible anchorage in pediatric dentistry.