BACKGROUND: As an antihypertensive drug, Nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker was introduced recently, which also has antianginal effect. But due to the relatively short duration of action, another antihypertensive agents having longer duration of action and stronger hypertensive effect were under investigation. Nilvadipine, a new calcium channel blocker, was introduced to have more prologned duration of action and to act more specifically on vascular smooth muscle. So the efficacy and safety of oral Nilvadipine on essestial hypertension was investigated and represented by our institute. METHODS: In order to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral Nilvadipine, daily doses of 4mg twice a day were administered in 30 hypertensive patients whose states were compatible to the criteria : 1) severity of hypertension rated in Stage I and Stage II according to the classification by WHO, 2) ages ranging from 30 to 74 years regardless of sex, 3) blood pressure with 95mmHg or higher but less than 115mmHg in diastolic pressure which was the mean in a sitting position at the last two out of not less three consultations in the 2 week observation period, 4) outpatients with informed consent for 6 weeks. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured every 2 weeks. The complete with blood count with platelet, uronalysis and the electrocardiography were performed at the beginning period and the 6th weeks of therapy. And kinds of side effects were questioned by examining physicians. RESULTS: The following results were obtained : 1) Blood pressure fell significantly in 6 weeks of treatment with Nilvadipine(Mean pressure+/-S.D., 6.00mmHg vs 108.90+/-9.68mmHg p<0.05), 2) There was no significant change in EKG in 6 weeks of treatment with Nilvadipine, 3) Pulse rate was decreased in 6 weeks of treatment with Nilvadipine(80.14+/-11.90/min vs 75.39+/-6.47/min, p<0.05). 4) No significant chsange in body weight was observed(64.50+/-8.7kg vs 63.50+/-10.25kg, p<0.05). 5) There were no significant changes in blood chemistry including blood sugar, cholesterol, electrolytes, serum creatinine and alkaline phosphatase values, 6) Hematologic findings and urinalysis findings reamained unchanged, 7) Total 10 patients(33.30%) had various side effects;facial flushing 30.00%, palpitation 23.33%, headache 20.00%, nausea 10.00%, drowsiness 3.33%, heaviness 3.33% and indigestion 3.33%. But there was no serious side effect that requires to discontinue the medication of the test drug. And there was no need to reduce the dosage due to the side effect, 8) The antihypertensive effect was judged to decrease markedly in 76.70%, decrease 20.00%, unchange 3.30% and increase 0.00%, 9) The utility which was assessed with the data from the overall safety and antihypertensive effect, the drug was judged to be very useful in 60.00%, useful 33.30%, useless 6.67% and inhibited 0.00%. CONCLUSION: From the above results, Nilvadipine in doses of 4mg twice a day was effective and useful in most cases without severe side effects in essential hypertensive patients with diastolic blood pressure of 95 to 115mmHg.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Platelets ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Calcium Channels ; Chemistry ; Cholesterol ; Classification ; Creatinine ; Dyspepsia ; Electrocardiography ; Electrolytes ; Flushing ; Headache ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Informed Consent ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; Nausea ; Nifedipine ; Outpatients ; Referral and Consultation ; Sleep Stages ; Urinalysis

In this paper, using ultrasonic doppler signal, we composed fetal heart sound / fetal movement diagnosis and web-based database server/client environment. Detecting fetal heart rate and movement at the same time, for the data loss-caused from telemetering-protection and the high speed diagnosis, we made two signals mix and transmit. For the better communication between obstetrician and remote woman/fetus, we proposed database table that could reflect the whole information about remote fetus and its mom. And we supported HL-7 format so that we might be compatible with other vendor product and easy to access web-based hospital computerization system. Applying doctor to web-based high level biosignal analysis algorithm and expert system, we offered remote fetal biosignal and diagnostic assistant data inducing fast diagnosis. We made web-based fetal diagnostic system and improved web system compatibility, fast diagnosis and minimum of the rate of misdiagnosis.
Commerce ; Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Expert Systems ; Female ; Fetal Heart ; Fetal Monitoring* ; Fetal Movement ; Fetus ; Heart Rate, Fetal ; Pregnancy ; Ultrasonics

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic endonasal primary conjunctivodacryocysto-rhinostomy (CDCR) and revision CDCR after primary CDCR. METHODS: Twenty patients who had undergone endoscopic endonasal CDCR with Jones tube and who were followed for over 6 months at our hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Our analysis included success rate, operation time and causes of failure. RESULTS: The indications for revision CDCR were prolapse of Jones tube and inadequate tube length. The initial success rate in the primary and revision groups was 78.6% (11/14) and 100% (6/6), respectively. Two initial failures in the primary group were later successful after revision. The mean operation time in the groups was 23.9 minutes ( +/- 6.3) and 21.7 minutes ( +/- 6.1), respectively. The main causes of failure included inaccurate tube length and abnormal tube position. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic endonasal CDCR appears to be a reasonable approach for revision, as well as primary, because of accurate measurement of Jones tube length during surgery and the shortened operation time.
Humans ; Prolapse ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation* ; Head* ; Humans ; Latex*

Abnormally located liver tissue has been described in the vicinity of the liver proper, near anatomical structures such as the gallbladder, the umbilical fossa, the adrenal gland, the pancreas, and the spleen. Supradiaphragmatic ectopic liver is a rare finding, but has been reported to have been found in the intrathoracic cavity and in the pericardium. In the majority of supradiaphragmatic ectopic liver cases, there was an accompanying transdiaphragmatic pedicle of the main liver body into the abdominal cavity. In a minority of supradiaphramatic ectopic liver cases, the liver was completely separated from the abdominal cavity without a connection between the thorax and the abdomen, with accompanying diaphragmatic anomalies. We describe one case of intrathoracic ectopic liver in a patient with a previous history of lower chest wall trauma, and a brief review of the English-language medical literature on this topic.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Cavity ; Adrenal Glands ; Diaphragm ; Gallbladder ; Humans ; Liver ; Pancreas ; Pericardium ; Spleen ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax

Abnormally located liver tissue has been described in the vicinity of the liver proper, near anatomical structures such as the gallbladder, the umbilical fossa, the adrenal gland, the pancreas, and the spleen. Supradiaphragmatic ectopic liver is a rare finding, but has been reported to have been found in the intrathoracic cavity and in the pericardium. In the majority of supradiaphragmatic ectopic liver cases, there was an accompanying transdiaphragmatic pedicle of the main liver body into the abdominal cavity. In a minority of supradiaphramatic ectopic liver cases, the liver was completely separated from the abdominal cavity without a connection between the thorax and the abdomen, with accompanying diaphragmatic anomalies. We describe one case of intrathoracic ectopic liver in a patient with a previous history of lower chest wall trauma, and a brief review of the English-language medical literature on this topic.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Cavity ; Adrenal Glands ; Diaphragm ; Gallbladder ; Humans ; Liver ; Pancreas ; Pericardium ; Spleen ; Thoracic Wall ; Thorax

A multi-locus probe. called pHK-450. detecting multiple variable DNA fragments, was constructed by cloning of the 450 bp fragments into pCR(TM) vector, which could be obtained from amplification of the variable region of the D8S210 locus of human genome with a primer set of UF1. UR1, and UR2. The sequence data shows that the variable region is entirely G-C rich on one strand consisting of tetranucleotide repeat unit (GGAA)n at both margins and internally diversed regions with simple irregular repeat units of GGAA, GGAG, or GGGAA. The genetic complexixty of the resulting individual-specific DNA patterns was investigated by studying a Korean pedigree(both parents and 10 children). HaeIII and HinfI-generated DNA fragments are inherited to their children in a Mendelian manner with segregation ratio of 1:1.05 and 1:1.14. respectively. In the HinfI-digested genomic DNAs, the segregation of up to 25 variable DNA fragments from both parents could be analysed in a single sibship. Most of these variable DNA fragments detected by pHK-450 probe are not paired as allele, which suggests that they may be derived from 23 heterozygous loci. In the HaeIII-digested genomic DNA, 26 variable DNA fragments are segregated from both parents to 10 children. Excluding one allelic and three linked DNA fragments, 22 out of 26 scored DNA fragments may be derived from 23 hetrozygous loci. To determine the variability of DNA fragments, DNA samples from 113 unrelated Korean were digested with HinfI and hybridized using pHK-450 probe. Pairwise comparisons of individual variable DNA fragments show that the polymorphic patterns were highly specific to an individual. The mean probaility(X) that fragments in A individual is present in B individual is 0.0337. From the degree of maxiaml sharing, band approximate estimates of mean allele frequency and homozygosity is calculated being 0.187 and the mean heterozygossity is 89.69%. For pHK-450 probe, the probability that all 10 resolved DNA fragments in the 5-30 kb size range in an individual A are also present in a second unrelated individual B is (0.337)(10) or 7.1 X 10(-6).The above results suggest that the Muiti-locus probe, pHK-450, is suitable for rapid polymorphic marker generation and can be applied to individual identification in forensic medicine
Alleles ; Child ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; Colon* ; DNA ; Forensic Medicine ; Gene Frequency ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Parents

HIV-1 p24 was cloned into multiple cloning site of pMV261, extrachromosomal expression vectors carrying BCG replication origin and BCG-specific heat-shock promoter, and then introduced into BCG and E. coli. Western blot experiments showed that the p24 efficiently expressed in recombinant BCG (rBCG), but not in E. coli. Recombinant p24 expression induced by a single heat-shock of rBCG was maintained longer than 3 weeks. Immunoblot experiments with intact rBCG did not show any distinctive positive signal, suggesting that the recombinant protein was not secreted or exposed at the surface of BCG. The guinea pigs immunized with live rBCG showed delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) by the systemic area as well as an effective humoral immunity, suggesting that tbis rBCG is believed to elicit eKcient immune responses against p24, even though the expression is restricted only in the cytoplasm as reported previously with other antigen. These results demonstrate that BCG can be developed as a live recombinant vaccine vector against a broad spectrum of infectious disease.
Animals* ; Blotting, Western ; Clone Cells ; Cloning, Organism ; Communicable Diseases ; Cytoplasm ; Guinea Pigs ; HIV* ; HIV-1 ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunity, Humoral ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Replication Origin

PURPOSE: Brainstem auditory evoked response(BAER) is used as screening test for hearing disorders, damages of the central nervous system and congenital anomalies. We studied the difference values according to gender and stimulation sites in normal full-term infants. METHODS: We performed BAER in 38 male and 28 female normal full-term infants, delivered in the Gil Medical Center, Gachen Medical School, from March to July 1996, aged one to seven days. Amplitude I, V, V/I and latency I, III, V and interpeak latency(IPL) I-III, III-V, I-V were measured at 90, 60, 45, 30 dB. Data were analyzed between both sex and between both ears with Student t-test. RESULTS: There were no significant difference in male and female group with the same side's stimulation. At 90 dB, amplitude I of left ear stimulation was significantly higher than right in male and female. Amplitude V/I of right ear stimulation was significantly higher than left ear stimulation in total only. At 90 dB, latency I of right was significantly longer than left in male and female. Latency III of right was longer significantly in total only. IPL I-III, I-V was significantly longer in left than right in male and total. At 60 dB intensity, all data except latency I in total, showed no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Interpreting BAER, stimulation site and intensity should be considered. and further studies will be needed for the evaluation of the difference between left and right ear.
Brain Stem* ; Central Nervous System ; Ear* ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory* ; Female* ; Hearing Disorders ; Humans ; Infant* ; Male* ; Mass Screening ; Schools, Medical