Spontaneous Subcapsular hematoma of the kidney is relatively uncommon. Although several cases have been recorded in the literature, the diagnosis was seldom made preoperatively. Selective renal angiography provide an excellent means of diagnosing this lesion prior to surgery. Case I: A 37 years male was admitted with the right flank pain and hematuria. Excretory urogram showed moderate hydronephrosis and a cystic shadow compressing upper calices. Selective renal angiography showed strip-like curvilinear capsular density outside the nonopacifying mass. By exploration, blood clots, about 300 c. c., between renal parenchyma and renal capsule was evacuated. The cause of the hematoma is uncertain whether it is from ruptured aneurysm or due to hydronephrosis. Case II : A 54-year-old woman was hospitalized with right flank discomfortness and mild fever. Intravenous pyelogram revealed increased size of the right kidney and angiogram demonstrated the compressed and flattened renal parenchyma by a nonopacifying mass and renal capsule on the outer margin of the mass. Blood clots, about 200 c.c., inside the renal capsule which compressed renal parenchyma was evacuated.
Aneurysm, Ruptured ; Angiography ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fever ; Flank Pain ; Hematoma* ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Kidney* ; Male ; Middle Aged

There are many procedures for the treatment of acromioclavicular separation but there are still controversies concerning the best management of these injuries. The cases of 20 acromioclavicular separations and 3 distal end fractures of clavicle were treated by conservative method with modified Kenny Howard sling-halter using long arm cast at the department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of medicine,Ewha Womans University, during the thirty six months period from March 1982 to February 1985. The following results were obtained. 1. The average duration of immobilization was 5 weeks at the grade II of acromioclavicular separation and fracture of distal end of clavicle and 6 weeks at the grade III of acromioclavicular separation. 2. The functional results were 17 excellents(73.8%), 5 goods(21.9%), and 1 fair(4.3%). 3. The complications were 3 frozen shoulders(13.0%), 2 subluxations(8.6%), and 1 skin necrosis on the elbow(4.3%). 4. The authors immobilized the upper extremity with long arm cylinder cast of 90° flexion position instead of initial harness, so that it was applied easily and the patient felt very comfortable. 5. When the fracture and severe displacement were occurred at the midthird of the clavicle, it could be reduced and maintained with the long arm cylinder cast and strap.
Arm ; Clavicle ; Female ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Methods ; Necrosis ; Orthopedics ; Skin ; Upper Extremity

No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain* ; Capillaries* ; Rats*

PURPOSE: To investigate the visual recovery and complications of vitrectomy in Terson's syndrome. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on 11 eyes in 9 patients who had undergone pars plana vitrectomy for Terson's syndrome from October 2004 to June 2006. The factors assessed were age, gender, presence of hypertension, type of intracranial hemorrhage, preoperative and final visual acuity, time interval from intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) to vitrectomy, and any intraoperative and postoperative complications. RESULTS: The average age of the subjects and the Interval from ICH to vitrectomy were 43.0+/-11.0 years and 3.25+/-3.48 months respectively. Binocular involvement was found in two of the nine patients, and fundus findings were severe vitreous opacity in all cases, while sub-ILM hemorrhage at the posterior pole was seen in five eyes. Intraoperative retinal break was recorded at the 10 o'clock sclerotomy site in five eyes, and four of these five eyes were associated with sub-ILM hemorrhage. One patient underwent a scleral buckling operation four months postoperatively due to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with a retinal tear at the 2 o'clock sclerotomy site. Visual acuity improved in all cases postoperatively, and the final visual acuity was over 0.6 in seven eyes. CONCLUSIONS: We can expect from early surgery a relatively good prognosis of visual acuity and prevention of complications. Due to the possibility of retinal breaks at the sclerotomy sites, we should keep in mind that cautious handling of intraocular instrument and complete removal of vitreous base may be necessary.
Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations ; Retrospective Studies ; Scleral Buckling ; Telescopes ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy*

PURPOSE: To investigate the visual recovery and complications of vitrectomy in Terson's syndrome. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on 11 eyes in 9 patients who had undergone pars plana vitrectomy for Terson's syndrome from October 2004 to June 2006. The factors assessed were age, gender, presence of hypertension, type of intracranial hemorrhage, preoperative and final visual acuity, time interval from intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) to vitrectomy, and any intraoperative and postoperative complications. RESULTS: The average age of the subjects and the Interval from ICH to vitrectomy were 43.0+/-11.0 years and 3.25+/-3.48 months respectively. Binocular involvement was found in two of the nine patients, and fundus findings were severe vitreous opacity in all cases, while sub-ILM hemorrhage at the posterior pole was seen in five eyes. Intraoperative retinal break was recorded at the 10 o'clock sclerotomy site in five eyes, and four of these five eyes were associated with sub-ILM hemorrhage. One patient underwent a scleral buckling operation four months postoperatively due to rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with a retinal tear at the 2 o'clock sclerotomy site. Visual acuity improved in all cases postoperatively, and the final visual acuity was over 0.6 in seven eyes. CONCLUSIONS: We can expect from early surgery a relatively good prognosis of visual acuity and prevention of complications. Due to the possibility of retinal breaks at the sclerotomy sites, we should keep in mind that cautious handling of intraocular instrument and complete removal of vitreous base may be necessary.
Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Postoperative Complications ; Prognosis ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations ; Retrospective Studies ; Scleral Buckling ; Telescopes ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy*

PURPOSE: We report 2 cases of infectious endophthalmitis after intravireal triamcinolone acetonide injection which was successfully treated with early vitrectomy. METHODS: A 56 year old male patient with chronic cystoid macular edema of right eye and an 84 year old female patient with diabetic macular edema of right eye (pseudophakic) eye were treated with intravireal triamcinolone acetonide injection. Four days after the injection, both the patients complained of decreased visual acuity that had been developed 1 and 2 days prior respectively. Visual acuity was hand motion, inflammatory cells, flare, fibrins and hypopyon were found in the anterior chamber. Fundus was not visible due to vitreous opacity. RESULTS: The two patients were presumed to have infectious endophthalmitis. Anterior chamber irrigation, vitrectomy, intravitreal antibiotics injection, and vitreous culture were performed. Coagulase negative staphylococcus was detected from vitreous culture, Within 1 week of the follow-up procedures, the anterior chamber and vitreous inflammation were improved and visual acuity recovered to the level attained before intravireal triamcinolone acetonide injection. CONCLUSIONS: If after intravireal triamcinolone acetonide injection, there is severely decreased visual acuity, inflammation of the anterior chamber and vitreous, flare and fibrin are detected, infectious endophthalmitis must be suspected. If diagnosed early and treated with vitrectomy, a favorable visual prognosis is expected.
Aged, 80 and over ; Anterior Chamber ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Coagulase ; Endophthalmitis* ; Female ; Fibrin ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Intravitreal Injections* ; Macular Edema ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Staphylococcus ; Triamcinolone Acetonide* ; Triamcinolone* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy

No abstract available.
Animals ; Calcaneus* ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Rats* ; Tenotomy*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Photoreceptor Cells* ; Rats* ; Retina*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Rats*

PURPOSE: To determine the major reasons that diabetics decide to undergo their first fundus examination, and the factors influencing such reasons. METHODS: Of the patients with type II diabetes who presented to the Department of Ophthalmology in Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 164 patients who underwent their first fundus examination after being diagnosed with diabetes were included in the study. Face-to-face and phone interviews with these patients were conducted. RESULTS: The average prevalence period from the diagnosis of diabetes to the first fundus examination was 8.3 ± 7.5 years. Of the diabetics who underwent their first fundus examination, 52.4% had diabetic retinopathy, with no significant difference in prevalence between the male and female patients (p = 0.118). The most common reason for deciding to undergo the first fundus examination was recommendation by a doctor (53.7%). For those patients who received their first fundus examination after recommendation by a doctor, the prevalence period from diabetes was the shortest among all patients (p < 0.001), and the prevalence and severity of diabetic retinopathy were the lowest (p < 0.001 and p = 0.017, respectively). The number of fundus examinations conducted following recommendation by a doctor was significantly higher in secondary and tertiary hospitals than in primary hospitals (p < 0.001). Education on diabetes and knowledge of diabetic ocular complications were found to be significantly correlated (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: For patients who are diagnosed with diabetes and treated in primary hospitals, who are older, or who did not receive education on diabetes, recommendation by a doctor for early fundus examination is particularly important regardless of subjective visual disturbance. Moreover, patient education should be offered and ophthalmic examination should be recommended in primary hospitals.
Diabetic Retinopathy ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Ophthalmology ; Patient Education as Topic ; Prevalence ; Tertiary Care Centers