Male ; Humans ; Prostate/pathology* ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology* ; Giant Cells/pathology*

Aged ; Giant Cells ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of giant cell-rich osteosarcoma (GCRO) and giant cell tumor of bone (GCT).

METHODSThe clinical, radiologic, pathologic and immunohistochemical features of 18 cases of GCRO and 118 cases of GCT were evaluated.

RESULTSThe mean age of patients with GCRO was 24.6 years. Fifteen of the 18 cases arose in the metaphysis of long bones. GCRO presented as a large poorly-defined mixed lytic and blastic mass, associated with cortical destruction and formation of large soft tissue component. Histologically, GCRO was characterized by a predominance of numerous osteoclast-like giant cells admixed with scanty osteoid which was formed by neoplastic cells in different levels of anaplasia and pleomorphism. In the 118 cases of GCT studied, the mean age of patients was 34.5 years. Most of them (108 cases) arose in the epiphyseal region of long bones. They usually presented as expansile eccentric and osteolytic lesions. Invasive GCT displayed local cortical destruction. Histologic examination of GCT revealed the presence of large number of osteoclast-like giant cells and mononuclear stromal cells. The mononuclear stromal cells possessed poorly defined cytoplasm, showed little cytological atypia and did not carry atypical mitotic figures. They were positive for p63 (83.9%, 99/118). Reactive bone could be observed at the periphery.

CONCLUSIONSGCRO represents a special form of osteosarcoma which shows overlapping clinicopathologic features with invasive GCT. The presence of nuclear atypia, atypical mitoses and osteoid matrix produced directly by neoplastic cells are more in favor of GCRO. These features however may not be demonstrated in full in limited small biopsy samples. It is thus important to analyze all clinical, radiologic and pathologic features before a definitive diagnosis is made.

Adult ; Bone Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Giant Cells ; pathology ; Humans ; Osteosarcoma ; diagnosis ; pathology

Carcinoma/pathology* ; Giant Cells/pathology* ; Humans ; Osteoclasts/pathology* ; Pancreas/pathology* ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery*

Cartilage and giant cell-related neoplastic lesions originating in the temporomandibular joint region have similar clinical, imaging and pathological manifestations, making the diagnosis of these disorders challenging to varying degrees. Diagnostic findings can influence treatment procedures and a definitive pathological diagnosis is important for the prognosis of these conditions. In this article, we discuss the pathological diagnosis and differentiation of four benign cartilage and giant cell related tumors and tumor-like lesions that occur in the temporomandibular joint, namely synovial chondromatosis, tumoral calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, pigmented villonodular synovitis and chondroblastoma, taking into account their clinical features and histological manifestations, with a view to providing a basis for clinical management.
Humans ; Temporomandibular Joint/pathology* ; Chondromatosis, Synovial/pathology* ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular/pathology* ; Giant Cells/pathology* ; Cartilage

Adult ; Giant Cells ; pathology ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; pathology ; Male ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; pathology

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an autoimmune vasculitic disorder of unknown origin. Systemic GCA causing cerebral infarction due to intracranial arteritis is rare. Early diagnosis and anti-inflammatory treatment of the GCA are necessary to prevent systemic involvement. A 66-year-old woman presented with dysarthria and left hemiparesis. A brain MRI showed ischemic lesions in the right temporoparietal area. We report a pathological case of GCA with clinical and neuroradiological evidence of cerebral infarction.
Aged ; Arteritis ; Brain ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Dysarthria ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Giant Cell Arteritis* ; Giant Cells* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Paresis ; Pathology

Localized forms of giant cell tumor are known to arise commonly in the synovial membrane of the finger joints. Multinucleated giant cells are its characteristic pathology finding, giant cell tumor shows a low rate of recurrence after complete excision. When occurring at the knee joints, giant cell tumor manifests a wide form of symptoms, from no symptom at all, to intermittent locking. Complete excision is possible by arthroscopy, but if done incompletely, it is reported to recur in 45% of cases. We present here a case of giant cell tumor that has arisen from the anterior portion of the posterior cruciate ligament, excised by arthroscopy and followed by pathologic confirmation.
Arthroscopy ; Finger Joint ; Giant Cell Tumors* ; Giant Cells ; Knee Joint* ; Pathology ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Recurrence ; Synovial Membrane

PURPOSE: Giant cell tumor is the second most common benign neoplasm in upper extremity. Unlike usual chief complaint of painless mass, an atypical case with giant cell tumor presented a distinguishing characteristics of which accompany pain and tenderness and is histologically giant-cell free. METHODS: A 31-year-old male patient complained of a rapid growing painful mass on the proximal phalanx of the left ring finger. Under microscopic operation, a 1.6 x 1.3cm sized mass was found to be surrounded by areolar tissue and attached to a tendon sheath, encircling the digital nerve and artery. Diagnostic confirmation was assisted by positive finding in histologic immunohistochemical stain-CD68. Characteristic pathologic finding is an atypical distribution of spindle cells & histiocytes without giant cells in fascicular pattern. RESULTS: Giant cell tumor was carefully removed under microscopic approach, while preserving digital nerve & artery. In postoperative 13th month, the patient presented with a 6mm of static two-point discrimination test, similar to that of the adjacent fingers. CONCLUSION: We report an atypical case with painful mass on tendon sheath, surrounding the digital nerve and artery that was diagnosed of giant cell tumor, but without giant cells on pathology. This case provides broader understanding of the giant cell tumor that should not only rely its typical findings of the painless mass and positive sign on H&E stain.
Adult ; Arteries ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Fingers ; Giant Cell Tumors* ; Giant Cells* ; Histiocytes ; Humans ; Male ; Pathology ; Tendons ; Upper Extremity

OBJECTIVETo detect the expression of RANKL and OPG protein in the giant cell lesions of jaw and to study the mechanism of this lesion.

METHODSRANKL and OPG were detected by immunohistochemistry (SP) in 24 paraffin-embedded and 2 frozen specimens of central giant cell lesion of jaw.

RESULTSRANKL signals were strongly positive in the vascular epithelial cells. They also could be found in fibrous stroma, bone matrix, and stromal spindle cells, even in some cytomembrane of multinucleated giant cells. OPG was detected in multinucleated giant cells and a fraction of round mononuclear cells.

CONCLUSIONSActive vascular epithelial cells are contributed to the formation of multinucleated giant cells through regulating RANKL, and RANKL could play its role by paracrine and autocrine, which might be inhibited by OPG.

Giant Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Jaw Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; Osteoclasts ; metabolism ; Osteoprotegerin ; metabolism ; RANK Ligand ; metabolism