Juvenile Xan anuloma is granulomatous, benign disseminated Xanthomatous disease, which i r cytosis of unknown origin, due to lipid, metabolism disturbance. Spontaneous remi. is possible authors have reported some cases of JXG involving only skin or combii extracutaneous lesions, In our country, cases involving onIy skin have bcen reported. This I-year-old norered healthy male baby has yellowish brown coloxed pinhead to rice sizeci gers of well defined. round, dome shaped smooth surface in face, trunk, lower abdomen without any subjective symptomes. Serum lipid level i iid chest p-A,urinalysis, CBC, L.F.T. are normal. Family history showed ific finding and physical examina.tion shows nothing remarkable except for skeen lesions. EIistopathologically, hi;tiocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophile, foam cell, foreign body giant cell, typical Toutor giant cell are seen.
Abdomen ; Eosinophils ; Foam Cells ; Giant Cells ; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Metabolism ; Skin ; Thorax ; Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile*

OBJECTIVETo detect the expression of RANKL and OPG protein in the giant cell lesions of jaw and to study the mechanism of this lesion.

METHODSRANKL and OPG were detected by immunohistochemistry (SP) in 24 paraffin-embedded and 2 frozen specimens of central giant cell lesion of jaw.

RESULTSRANKL signals were strongly positive in the vascular epithelial cells. They also could be found in fibrous stroma, bone matrix, and stromal spindle cells, even in some cytomembrane of multinucleated giant cells. OPG was detected in multinucleated giant cells and a fraction of round mononuclear cells.

CONCLUSIONSActive vascular epithelial cells are contributed to the formation of multinucleated giant cells through regulating RANKL, and RANKL could play its role by paracrine and autocrine, which might be inhibited by OPG.

Giant Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Jaw Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; Osteoclasts ; metabolism ; Osteoprotegerin ; metabolism ; RANK Ligand ; metabolism

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction between 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) and antibody as that affects the performance of a silk-4HR combination graft for soft tissue augmentation in an animal model. METHODS: The silk graft materials consisted of four types: silk+10% tricalcium phosphate (TCP) (ST0), silk+10% TCP+1% 4HR (ST1), silk+10% TCP+3% 4HR (ST3), and silk+10% TCP+6% 4-HR (ST6). The antibody binding assay tested the 4HR effect and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) exam was done for silk grafts. The animal experiment used a subcutaneous pocket mouse model. The graft - SH0 or SH1 or SH3 or SH6 - was placed in a subcutaneous pocket. The animals were killed at one, two, and four weeks, postoperatively. The specimens were subjected to histological analysis and lysozyme assay. RESULTS: Groups with 4HR applied showed lower antibody binding affinity to antigen compared to groups without 4HR. In the SEM examination, there was no significant difference among groups. Histological examinations revealed many foreign body giant cells in ST0 and ST1 group at four weeks postoperatively. Both ST3 and ST6 groups developed significantly lower levels of giant cell values compared to ST0 and ST1 groups (P<0.001) at four weeks postoperatively. In the lysozyme assay, the ST1 and ST3 groups showed denser signals than the other groups. CONCLUSION: 4HR combined silk implants resulted in high levels of vascular and connective tissue regeneration.
Animal Experimentation ; Animals ; Composite Tissue Allografts ; Connective Tissue ; Giant Cells ; Giant Cells, Foreign-Body ; Hexylresorcinol ; Metabolism ; Mice ; Models, Animal ; Muramidase ; Regeneration ; Silk* ; Transplants*

OBJECTIVETo summarize 4 schools of thought in studies of meridians.

METHODSConsult literature and review the history of studies of meridians.

RESULTSThe studies of meridians in the past dozens years at home and abroad have gradually formed four main theories, namely the nerve-conduction meridian theory of neurophysiology, body fluid circulation meridian theory of the physio-biochemistry, bio-field meridian theory of biophysics, and the connective tissue structure meridian theory of the overall-gap viewpoint, which are summarized and analyzed.

Acupuncture Points ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Giant Cells ; physiology ; Humans ; Magnetics ; Meridians ; Neural Conduction ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; physiology

Gastric carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (OGCs) is an extremely rare tumor. So far, only six cases have been reported in the literature. Here we report an additional case of this tumor in a Chinese 78-year-old man presented with abdominal pain, vomiting, and hematemesis. Physical examination and gastroscopy revealed a tumor in the gastric antrum. The biopsy and pathological findings indicated a gastric adenocarcinoma with OGCs, which were present in both the tumor and the metastatic lymph nodes. Further immunohistochemical staining indicated that OGCs were reactive with CD68, CD45, and vimentin protein, but not with pancytokeratin, carcinoembryonic antigen, or epithelial membrane antigen, suggesting the monocytic/histiocytic derivation of these OGCs. In situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus showed no nuclear positivity in either adenocarcinoma or OGCs. Postoperative follow-up showed that the patient had survived for at least 6 months without recurrence. Further investigation is warranted to clearly define the prognostic significance of OGCs in gastric carcinoma.
Aged ; Giant Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Osteoclasts ; metabolism ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo detect the expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha), a disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 8 and 12 and CD68 protein in giant cell lesions of jaw and giant cell tumors of long bone, and to study their effects on the histogenesis of giant cells in such lesions.

METHODSMIP-1alpha, ADAM8, ADAM12 and CD68 were detected by immunohistochemistry in 24 paraffin-embedded specimens of central giant cell lesions of jaw and giant cell tumors respectively.

RESULTSMIP-1alpha positive signal was located in blood vessels and bone. ADAM8, ADAM12 and CD68 positive signals were located in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of all multinucleated giant cells and some round mononuclear cells in the lesions. In addition, some spindle mononuclear stromal cells were positive for ADAM12 in both lesions.

CONCLUSIONMultinucleated giant cells probably originate from CD68-postive round mononuclear cells, which are recruited from monocyte-macrophage system by chemokines, such as MIP-1alpha, followed by cell fusion mediated by ADAM8 and ADAM12.

ADAM Proteins ; metabolism ; ADAM12 Protein ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Bone Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Membrane ; metabolism ; Chemokine CCL3 ; Chemokine CCL4 ; Cytoplasm ; metabolism ; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone ; metabolism ; pathology ; Giant Cells ; metabolism ; Granuloma, Giant Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Jaw Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo detect the mutation and expression of SH-3BP-2 in Chinese patients of cherubism and to investigate the possible relationship of gene mutation and multinucleated giant cells in lesions.

METHODSGenomic DNA was extracted from paraffin-imbedded tissues and peripheral blood samples of 10 cases of cherubism (6 familial cherubism and 4 sporadic cherubism). SH-3BP-2 mutations were detected by PCR-direct sequencing. The nature of multinucleated giant cells in lesions was detected by enzyme histochemical staining and immunohistochemical staining using paraffin-imbedded tissues sections. The SH-3BP-2 protein was detected by immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTSThree missense mutations (G1520A, G1505A, G1505C) in exon 9 of SH-3BP-2 were identified which led to 3 transitions (Gly420Glu, Arg415Gln, Arg415Pro). There were no abnormalities in exon 3 of SH-3BP-2 except 1 case which had not PCR products. The protein SH-3BP-2, the calcitonin receptor and the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase were detected in the cytoplasm of all multinucleated giant cells and parts of monokaryon matrix cells in 8 paraffin-imbedded samples.

CONCLUSIONSThe SH-3BP-2 mutation may participate in the differentiation and maturation of osteoclast-like cells in the lesion of cherubism.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cherubism ; genetics ; metabolism ; Giant Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pedigree

No abstract available.
Aged ; Antigens, CD/metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism ; Cadherins/metabolism ; Cholangiocarcinoma/*pathology/radiography ; Female ; Giant Cells/metabolism/*pathology/radiography ; Humans ; Osteoclasts/pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Tatrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) has been widely used as histochemical marker to identify osteoclast in studies of bone metabolism. However, the value of TRAP as an osteoclast marker is still in discussion. Authors isolated and characterized the cells from synovium of 6 patients of sero-positive rheumatoid arthritis and 4 patients of osteoarthritis, and observed the activity of acid phosphatase (AP) and TRAP. The activity of TRAP was negative in cell cultures in early phase, but the activity of TRAP was increased with time, and at one week the activity of TRAP was as strong as that of AP. If the cultured tissue contained bone, there were observed TRAP positive mononuclear cells and giant cells even in early phase of cultures (1 day, 3 day), and the phenotype of these cells were same as that of osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors by immunocytochemistry. In conclusion, the activity of TRAP was positive in cultured macrophage. TRAP is not a specific marker for osteoclast, and its use for the identification of osteoclast seems meaningful only in the early stage of cell culture.
Acid Phosphatase ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Macrophages ; Metabolism ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteoclasts ; Phenotype ; Synovial Membrane

Actins ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; metabolism ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; Cholangiocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Giant Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Humans ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Osteoclasts ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vimentin ; metabolism