PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various prophylactic treatments of titanium implants on bacterial biofilm formation, correlating surface modifications with the biofilms produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Staphylococcus aureus, and bacteria isolated from saliva. METHODS: Pure titanium disks were treated with various prophylactic procedures, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to determine the degree to which surface roughness was modified. To evaluate antibiofilm activity, we used P. aeruginosa PAO1, S. aureus, and saliva-isolated Streptococcus spp., Bacteroides fragilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. RESULTS: AFM showed that the surface roughness increased after using the air-polishing device and ultrasonic scaler, while a significant reduction was observed after using a curette or polishing with Detartrine ZTM (DZ) abrasive paste. In addition, we only observed a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in biofilm formation on the DZ-treated implant surfaces. CONCLUSION: In this study, both AFM and antibiofilm analyses indicated that using DZ abrasive paste could be considered as the prophylactic procedure of choice for managing peri-implant lesions and for therapy-resistant cases of periodontitis.
Bacteria ; Bacteroides fragilis ; Biofilms ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Periodontitis ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Saliva ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Streptococcus ; Titanium ; Ultrasonics

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of titanium and zirconia implants, both within and outside the field of view (FOV). Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, a dry human mandible was positioned in a CBCT scanner with only its left quadrant included in the FOV. Each type of implant (titanium and zirconia) was placed once in the right second premolar extraction socket and once in the left second premolar extraction socket of the mandible. CBCT scans were acquired with and without MAR. Three regions of interest (ROIs) were defined in relation to a resin block, and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was calculated for each ROI. Data were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance with an alpha level of 0.05. Results: Application of a MAR algorithm significantly increased the CNR within and outside the FOV for both implant types (P<0.05). Relative to titanium implants, zirconia implants were associated with significantly lower CNRs in both positions (P<0.05) and generated more artifacts. Implant placement outside the FOV was associated with slightly lower image quality than positioning within the FOV, although this finding was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion The results suggest that application of a MAR algorithm in CBCT significantly impacts artifactgeneration. Titanium implants exhibited significantly lower metal artifact generation compared to zirconia implants.Positioning either implant type outside the FOV, as opposed to inside it, slightly increased artifact generation;however, this was not statistically significant.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of titanium and zirconia implants, both within and outside the field of view (FOV). Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, a dry human mandible was positioned in a CBCT scanner with only its left quadrant included in the FOV. Each type of implant (titanium and zirconia) was placed once in the right second premolar extraction socket and once in the left second premolar extraction socket of the mandible. CBCT scans were acquired with and without MAR. Three regions of interest (ROIs) were defined in relation to a resin block, and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was calculated for each ROI. Data were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance with an alpha level of 0.05. Results: Application of a MAR algorithm significantly increased the CNR within and outside the FOV for both implant types (P<0.05). Relative to titanium implants, zirconia implants were associated with significantly lower CNRs in both positions (P<0.05) and generated more artifacts. Implant placement outside the FOV was associated with slightly lower image quality than positioning within the FOV, although this finding was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion The results suggest that application of a MAR algorithm in CBCT significantly impacts artifactgeneration. Titanium implants exhibited significantly lower metal artifact generation compared to zirconia implants.Positioning either implant type outside the FOV, as opposed to inside it, slightly increased artifact generation;however, this was not statistically significant.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a metal artifact reduction (MAR) algorithm on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of titanium and zirconia implants, both within and outside the field of view (FOV). Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, a dry human mandible was positioned in a CBCT scanner with only its left quadrant included in the FOV. Each type of implant (titanium and zirconia) was placed once in the right second premolar extraction socket and once in the left second premolar extraction socket of the mandible. CBCT scans were acquired with and without MAR. Three regions of interest (ROIs) were defined in relation to a resin block, and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was calculated for each ROI. Data were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance with an alpha level of 0.05. Results: Application of a MAR algorithm significantly increased the CNR within and outside the FOV for both implant types (P<0.05). Relative to titanium implants, zirconia implants were associated with significantly lower CNRs in both positions (P<0.05) and generated more artifacts. Implant placement outside the FOV was associated with slightly lower image quality than positioning within the FOV, although this finding was not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion The results suggest that application of a MAR algorithm in CBCT significantly impacts artifactgeneration. Titanium implants exhibited significantly lower metal artifact generation compared to zirconia implants.Positioning either implant type outside the FOV, as opposed to inside it, slightly increased artifact generation;however, this was not statistically significant.