No abstract available.
Electromyography*

We report herein a 46-year-old woman who presented with mucinous breast carcinoma that appeared as a coarse and densely calcified mass on mammography. The lesion was a 4.6-cmsized palpable, hyperechoic, calcified mass with posterior shadowing on ultrasonography. This finding is a unique feature of mucinous breast carcinoma and is also observed in unusual breast cancer variants such as metaplastic breast cancer with chondroid differentiation, extraosseous osteosarcoma, and breast chondrosarcoma. The lesion showed a slow-growing pattern throughout the 4-year observation period. Mammography performed 4 years ago revealed faint, grouped microcalcifications; the lesion increased in size over 2 years, presenting as a well-circumscribed, calcified mass, mimicking dystrophic calcification. As several unusual variants of breast cancer, including mucinous carcinoma, may present as coarse and densely calcified masses on mammography, immediate biopsy should be considered when they are observed.

PURPOSE: Viagra(sildenafil citrate) is a new oral medication that selectively inhibits phsphodiestarase-5(PDE5) in the corpus cavernosum to facilitate penile erection for the treatment for male impotence. We report a case of retinal hemorrhage associated with Viagra intake. METHOD: A 71-year-old male without known systemic disease visited with suddenly decreased visual acuity of 4 days duration in the Rt. eye. He intermittenly took 2 tablets of Viagra(50 mg) during 2 months and the symptom occurred 2 days after his last taking of Viagra. His corrected visual acuity was 0.3 in the Rt. eye and 1.0 in the Lt. eye. Several ophthalmologic examination was performed. RESULTS: Fundus exam revealed multiple dot hemorrhage with corresponding block fluorescence in the superior area of macula and superotemporal area of posterior pole. Inferonasal area visual field defect was detected by Goldmann perimetry and ERG finding was decreased maximal scotopic b wave ampitude. Ten weeks later, retinal hemorrhage was almost absorbed, but visual field defect and visual acuity did not improve.
Aged ; Erectile Dysfunction ; Fluorescence ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; Retinal Hemorrhage* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Tablets ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Field Tests ; Visual Fields ; Sildenafil Citrate

No abstract available.
Thyroiditis, Autoimmune ; Turner Syndrome

Purpose: To evaluate the dynamic range of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters measured using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in conditions ranging from nonglaucomatous status to advanced glaucoma by longitudinal observation. Methods: A total of 15 eyes from 12 participants with glaucoma progression from a nonglaucomatous status to advanced glaucoma were included. The RNFL and ONH parameters were compared between the nonglaucomatous and advanced stages within the same eye. The absolute and relative changes in OCT parameters were analyzed. Results: The median highest intraocular pressure was 42.5 mmHg (interquartile range, 37.5 to 54.5 mmHg), and the final mean deviation of the visual field test was –24.68 dB (interquartile range, –23.93 to –31.13 dB). The median relative changes in RNFL thickness were –40.6% in the overall area, and –51.9%, –21.4%, –51.1%, and –41.8% in the superior, nasal, inferior, and temporal quadrants, respectively (all p < 0.05). Relative changes in the rim area, disc area, average cup to disc ratio, vertical cup to disc ratio, and cup volume were –56.64%, 0.59%, 62.10%, 66.0%, and 337.90%, respectively (all p < 0.05, except for disc area with a p-value of 0.753). Conclusions The dynamic range of the RNFL thickness ranged from 40.6% to 51.9%, and the dynamic range of the ONH parameters ranged from 56.64% to 337.90%. During the course of glaucoma progression, the cup volume showed the widest dynamic range. However, the disc area did not show significant changes.

Endovascular stenting is accepted as an effective treatment for patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). We herein present a case of successful endovascular treatment. A 46-year-old woman, who was followed up for 10 years after a diagnosis of BCS, showed progression progressive of liver cirrhosis and deterioration deteriorated of liver function. Three main hepatic veins were thrombosed with complete occlusion of the suprahepatic of the inferior vena cava (IVC); thus, hepatic venous blood flow was draining into the inferior right hepatic veins through the intrahepatic collaterals and passed passing through the subcutaneous venous collaterals. She underwent endovascular stenting of the IVC for palliation. A septoplasty needle was passed through the occluded IVC through into the internal jugular vein access and then to access the femoral vein using a snare wire. Severe elastic recoiling was observed after balloon dilatation; thus, a 28x80 mm stenting was done inserted across the occlusion, and repeat double ballooning was performed. The final venogram shows showed restored IVC inflow. The patient began to lose body weight 1 day after stenting, and edema disappeared within 1 week. She is was doing well at the 6 month follow-up visit with nearly normal liver function and marked resolution of cutaneous venous engorgement. In conclusion, endovascular stenting appeared to be an effective treatment to alleviate portal pressure and to prevent BCS-associated complications; thus, endovascular stenting should be considered before marked hepatic vein stenosis or complete occlusion occurs in patients with BCS.
Body Weight ; Budd-Chiari Syndrome* ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Dilatation ; Edema ; Female ; Femoral Vein ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatic Veins ; Humans ; Hyperemia ; Jugular Veins ; Liver ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Middle Aged ; Needles ; Portal Pressure ; SNARE Proteins ; Stents* ; Vena Cava, Inferior*

PURPOSE: Recently, smoking and alcohol use in adolesecnt have increased and it has been a social issue in Korea. This study was performed to understand the state of smoking and alcohol use in Korean adolescents, and to make a basic data for education of them. METHODS: This study was carried in 1994. 3,360 students in 13 schools aged from 13 to 18 were enrolled in this study (male 1,640, female 1,720) lived in the small and medium cities around Seoul. Question-naire on the experience of smoking and alcohol use was used. RESULTS: 1) Seven hundred and eleven students (21.2%) of subjects (30.5% of male and 12.2% of female) had experienced smoking and the rate of smoking experience was increased with age showing highest rate (41.3%) in male 3rd graders of high school. 6.2% of subjects were classified as habitual smoker. The onset of smoking occurred mostly during primary school period (37.4%), and the motive of smoking was mostly inducement of friend (45.0%). 2) Seventeen hundred and twenty six students (51.4%) of subjects (60.5% of male and 42.7% of female) had experienced alcohol use at anytime and the rate of alcohol experience was increased with age showing highest rate (83.6%) in male 3rd graders of high school. 25.9% of subjects who had drinking history had an experience of drunken state and 6.5% of subjects drank more than one time a week. The onset of drinking occurred mostly during primary school period and the motive of drinking was usually inducement of friends or family. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the significant evidence about excessive smoking and alcohol use in Korean adolescents. So it is necessary to educate them about physical and emotional injury by smoking and alcohol use for prevention of further increment of such fault behaviors.
Adolescent* ; Drinking ; Education ; Female ; Friends ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Seoul ; Smoke* ; Smoking*

No abstract available.

We report a 47-year-old man who presented with acute right leg pain without any other symptoms on visit to ER. But he had the severe back pain when the leg pain developed. Contrast CT revealed no enhancement on right common iliac artery and aortic dissection from the lower level of right renal artery to the iliac artery bifurcation. Angiographic stent insertion was performed immediately, but the patient showed reperfusion syndrome and died after 3 days. Aortic dissection with the isolated peripheral vascular complications is rare. Aortic dissection should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with acute lower leg ischemia like peripheral arterial occlusive disease.
Arterial Occlusive Diseases ; Back Pain ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Iliac Artery ; Ischemia* ; Leg* ; Middle Aged ; Renal Artery ; Reperfusion ; Stents

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular junction disorders mediated by various autoantibodies. Although most patients with MG require chronic immunosuppressive treatment to control disease activity, appropriate surveillance biomarkers that monitor disease activity or potential toxicity of immunosuppressants are yet to be developed. Herein, we investigated quantitative distribution of peripheral blood B cell subsets and transcriptional profiles of memory B cells (CD19+ CD27+) in several subgroups of MG patients classified according to the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) Clinical Classification. This study suggests potential immunologic B-cell markers that may guide treatment decision in future clinical settings.
Americas ; Autoantibodies ; B-Lymphocyte Subsets ; B-Lymphocytes ; Biomarkers ; Classification ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Memory ; Myasthenia Gravis ; Neuromuscular Junction Diseases ; Transcriptome