The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of customized master cone on apical sealing in various apical size of prepared root canals, that is MAF(Master Apical File) and to know at which apical size the apical leakage is to be significantly reduced using customized master cone. 120 extracted single rooted premolars were divided into four groups according to their apical size(MAF), #30, 40, 50 and 60. And then, each group was subdivided into three in accordance with three obturation methods, lateral condensation with standardized master cone, lateral condensation with chloroform-dipped customized master cone, and continuous wave of obturation technique. Resorcinol-formaldehyde resin was used for the microleakage test of this study. Teeth were sectioned horizontally at 1.5mm(Level 1), 2.5mm(Level 2), and 3.5mm(Level 3) from the anatomical root apex using low speed microtome. All sections were examined under x40 magnification with a stereomicroscope, photographed, and then scanned. With the scanned images, resin-infiltrated area presenting the microleakage was calculated using SigmaScan/Image, and the ratio of leakage to the total root canal area of each group was analyzed statistically(one way ANOVA). The results were as follows; 1. In groups of MAF #30, there was no significant difference of mean leakage ratio among three obturation methods at all three levels. 2. In groups of MAF #40, the group using lateral condensation with customized master cone had the lowest mean leakage ratio at all three levels, but there was no significant difference among three obturation techniques. 3. In groups of MAF #50, the mean leakage ratio of the group using lateral condensation with standard master cone was the highest among those of three obturation techniques at level 1, and this difference was statistically significant(p<0.05). 4. In groups of MAF #60, the groups using lateral condensation with standard master cone had also the highest mean leakage ratio at all levels, but there was no significant difference at level 1 and 2. At level 3, the leakage of the group using lateral condensation with standard master cone was significantly higher than that of the group using continuous wave of obturation(p<0.05). The results of this study suggested that the obturation method using customized master cone or the continuous wave of obturation is more effective for apical sealing than that using standardized master cone when MAF is larger than #50.
Bicuspid ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Formaldehyde ; Resorcinols ; Tooth

No abstract available.
Animals ; Ion Channels ; Rats

No abstract available.
Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular manifestations and clinical course in patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted over a 36 month period on consecutive patients who visited an emergency medical center and were diagnosed with acute carbon monoxide poisoning. A standardized data extraction protocol was performed on the selected patients. RESULTS: A total of 293 patients were selected during the study period. Cardiac manifestations were observed in 35.2% (n=103) of the patients: hypotension in 11 patients (3.8%), ECG abnormalities in 44 patients (15.0%) and cardiac enzyme abnormalities in 103 patients (35.2%). Echocardiography was performed on 56 patients with cardiac toxicity: 12 patients had abnormal results (5 patients with global hypokinesia and 7 patients with regional wall akinesia). Five patients died within 3 hours after ED admission, and the remaining patientswere discharged alive. At 3 months after discharge, none of these patients had died.The SOFA scores in the severe cardiac toxicity group and non-severe cardiac toxicity group at the time of arrival were 2.53+/-2.29 and 2.19+/-2.12, respectively (p=0.860). CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular manifestations occurafter acute CO poisoning at arateof 35.2%. Even those with severe cardiovascular toxicity recovered well within 10 days after admission. Therefore, the importance of cardiac toxicity after acute CO poisoning is not significant initself in the clinical course, and the short-term prognosis of cardiac toxicityis unlikely to be unfavorable in acute CO poisoning.
Carbon ; Carbon Monoxide ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Hypokinesia ; Hypotension ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the success rate and the safety in the treatment of corneal foreign body injury by an emergency physician trained in their removal. METHODS: Any patients presenting at the emergency department of a large university-based residency teaching hospital with corneal foreign body injuries during ninety months were included in this prospective study. Twenty patients were eligible. Junior residents participated in this study. They were taught to remove corneal foreign bodies by the attending emergency physician. Healing evaluation was performed by an ophthalmologist. Patients not presenting for a visit were contacted by telephone, and information was collected on the assessment of discomfort and the presence of symptoms. RESULTS: All corneal foreign bodies were successfully removed, and no adverse effects were noted. CONCLUSION: Corneal foreign body removal by emergency physician, if properly trained, appears to be successful and safe.
Cornea ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Foreign Bodies* ; Hospitals, Teaching ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Prospective Studies ; Telephone

The purpose of this study was to characterize functional distinction between human dental pulp cells(PC) and periodontal ligament cells(PDLC) using cDNA microarray assay and to confirm the results of the microarray assay using RT-PCR. 3 genes out of 51 genes which were found to be more expressed(>2 fold) in PC were selected, and 3 genes out of 19 genes which were found to be more expressed(>2 fold) in PDLC were selected for RT-PCR as well. According to this study, the results were as follows: 1. From the microarray assay, 51 genes were more expressed (2 fold) from PC than PDLC. 2. RT-PCR confirmed that ITGA4 and TGF beta2 were more expressed in PC than in PDLC 3. From the microarray assay, 19 genes were more expressed (2 fold) from PDLC than PC. 4. RT-PCR confirmed that LUM, WISP1, and MMP1 were more expressed in PDLC than in PC. From the present study, different expression of the genes between the PC and PDLC were characterized to show the genes which play an important role in dentinogenesis were more expressed from PC than PDLC, while the genes which were related with collagen synthesis were more expressed from PDLC than PC.
Collagen ; Dental Pulp ; Dentinogenesis ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Periodontal Ligament

No abstract available.
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; Intussusception

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate the accuracy of two different methods of performing the tongue blade test (TBT) on patients with mandible fractures. METHODS: A prospective randomized trial was performed over 28 months, and the accuracy of TBT for the diagnosis of patients with mandibular fractures was evaluated using the radiographic confirmative diagnosis as the gold standard. A consecutive sample of 126 patients (36 mandibular fractures) were enrolled to this study. Method A is addressed the patient's ability to grasp a tongue blade between his teeth and hold the blade against a twistling motion, and Method B is to addressed the patient's ability to grasp a tongue blade between his teeth and then to hold the tongue blade against the examiner's mild effort to remove it. We compared the accuracy of the two methods. RESULTS: The sensitivity of method A was 95.0% (19/20), and that of method B was 93.8% (15/16). The specificities of the two methods were 68.8% and 64.4%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found between the two methods (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on this study, we conclude that we can choose either of the two method and that both methods of TBT are highly effective screening tests for diagnosing mandibular fractures.
Diagnosis ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Mandible ; Mandibular Fractures* ; Mass Screening ; Prospective Studies ; Tongue* ; Tooth

The purpose of this clinical study is to assess whether calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medication affects post-treatment pain in teeth especially odontogenic pain which comes from inflammation of the pulp and periradicular tissues when compared with no intracanal medication. From 213 patients who has been treated 237 root canals due to significant pain (moderate-to-severe), we recorded their age, sex, treated tooth, degree of pain, pre-operative states of the tooth. We classified patients into 2 test group; Group 1 (not gain intracanal Ca(OH)2), Group 2 (gain intracanal Ca(OH)2). Through the survey from the patients, we let them write down the occurrence and degree of post-treatment pain in 4hours, 2days, 7days after treatment as none, mild, moderate or severe. The followings were evaluated; the overall incidence of flare-ups, the overall incidence of post-treatment pain in each group at each time period, the incidence of post-treatment pain in each group at each time period as related to pre-operative states of the teeth. These were compared statistically with Chi-square analysis (p < 0.05). Under the condition of this investigation, no difference was observed in the incidence of post-treatment pain between the two groups. Therefore, Ca(OH)2 as intracanal medication had no effect on preventing or decreasing the post-treatment pain.
Calcium Hydroxide* ; Calcium* ; Dental Pulp Cavity ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Linear Energy Transfer ; Tooth

No abstract available.
Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Microsurgery*