No abstract available.
Orbit*

No abstract available.
Cholesterol* ; Granuloma*

No abstract available.
Rhinoplasty*

PURPOSE: We investigated the clinical course of infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) who experienced thyroid dysfunction within 100 days of birth. METHODS: We performed retrospective medical reviews of 54 CHD patients (24 male patients) who underwent a thyroid function test (TFT) between January 2007 and July 2016. Data were collected on birth history, diagnosis of CHD, underlying chromosomal or genetic abnormalities, medication history, surgery, ventilator care, and exposure to iodine contrast media (ICM). Results of neonatal screening tests (NSTs) and TFTs were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 36 patients (29 transient, 7 permanent) showed thyroid dysfunction. Among the seven patients with permanent hypothyroidism, three had an underlying syndrome, three showed abnormal NST results, and one was admitted to the intensive care unit for macroglossia and feeding cyanosis. We found that infants with transient thyroid dysfunction had a lower birth weight and were more commonly exposed to thyroid disrupting medication and/or ICM. However, these risk factors were not significant. A total of 8 patients with a history of ICM exposure showed thyroid dysfunction. Excluding 3 patients with elevated thyroid stimulating hormone before ICM exposure, 5 patients recovered from transient thyroid dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: We observed thyroid dysfunction in two-thirds of CHD infants (53.7% transient, 13.0% permanent) who had risk factors and received TFT screening within 100 days, despite normal NSTs. Further studies with larger sample sizes are required to revise the criteria for TFT screening in CHD infants.
Birth Weight ; Contrast Media ; Cyanosis ; Diagnosis ; Heart ; Heart Defects, Congenital* ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Infant* ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units ; Iodine ; Macroglossia ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Neonatal Screening ; Parturition ; Reproductive History ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sample Size ; Thyroid Function Tests ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyrotropin ; Ventilators, Mechanical

PURPOSE: We wanted to evaluate the cerebral metabolites in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) and who were undergoing hemodialysis by performing proton MR spectroscopy and we wanted to evaluate the correlation between the changes in the cerebral metabolite ratios and the duration after starting the initial hemodialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Proton MR spectroscopy was performed in 15 patients with CRF and who were undergoing hemodialysis and in ten healthy volunteers. The changes in N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho), myo-inositol (Myo), glutamine/glutamate complex (Glx), and creatine (Cr) were analyzed. MR spectroscopy was performed before and after hemodialysis. RESULTS: For the patients with CRF before hemodialysis, the Cho/Cr ratio in the gray matter (p<0.001) and the Myo/Cr ratio in both the gray and white matter (p<0.01) were significantly elevated compared with those in the control subjects. For the patients with CRF after hemodialysis, their Cho/Cr ratios were significantly reduced in both the gray and white matter compared with that before hemodialysis (p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between the Cho/Cr ratio and serum Cr in the gray matter of CRF patients after hemodialysis (r=0.54, p<0.05). The cerebral metabolite ratios were not significantly correlated with the duration after starting the initial hemodialysis. CONCLUSION: The cerebral metabolite patterns are significantly different between the patients with CRF and who are undergoing hemodialysis and the normal controls. The cerebral metabolite ratios are not significantly correlated with the duration after starting the initial hemodialysis.
Creatine ; Dialysis ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy* ; Protons* ; Renal Dialysis*

The biological interpretation of two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis experiments is a key step toward understanding the functions of biological systems. We here present a web-based integrated database, called 2DSpotDB, for the management of proteome data derived from several pathogens. The 2DSpotDB was established as a part of the management of a pathogen proteome project at the Korea National Institute of Health. The goals of the 2DSpotDB implementation are to store and define important pathogen genes, retrieve information obtained by 2D polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, and create an integrated system to provide pathogen proteome information for biological scientists. This database currently contains 14 gels and information on 387 protein spots, among which 329 proteins were identified and annotated.
Acrylic Resins ; Data Mining ; Electrophoresis ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Gels ; Korea ; Mass Spectrometry ; Proteins ; Proteome

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude ratio measurements are sufficiently objective to assess functional activities of the extremities. We also delineated the distribution between the presence or absence of MEPs and the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale for muscle strength of the extremities. METHODS: We enrolled 183 patients with first-ever unilateral hemiplegia after stroke. The MEP parameters were amplitude ratio (amplitude of affected side/amplitude of unaffected side) recorded at the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. We performed frequency analyses using the MRC scale for muscle strength and the presence or absence of evoked MEPs. Change on the MRC scale, hand function tests (HFTs), and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) subscore were compared between the evoked MEP and absent MEP groups using the independent t-test. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the optimal cutoff scores for the MEP amplitude ratio using the HFT results and MBI subscores. Correlations between the MEP amplitude ratio and the MRC scale, HFTs, and MBI subscore were analyzed. RESULTS: About 10% of patients with MRC scale grades 0-2 showed evoked MEPs at the FDI muscle, and 4% of patients with MRC scale grades 3-5 did not show MEPs. About 18% of patients with MRC scale grades 0-2 showed evoked MEPs at the TA muscle, and 4% of patients with MRC scale grades 3-5 did not show MEPs. MEP amplitude increased with increasing MRC scale grade. The evoked MEP group had more significant changes on the MRC scale, HFT, and the climbing stair score on the MBI than those in the group without MEPs. Larger MEP amplitude ratios were observed in patients who had more difficulty with the HFTs and ambulation. The MEP amplitude ratio was significantly correlated with the MRC scale, HFT, and MBI subscore. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the MEP amplitude ratio may be useful to predict functional status of the extremities in patients who suffered stroke.
Activities of Daily Living ; Evoked Potentials, Motor* ; Extremities* ; Hand ; Hemiplegia ; Humans ; Motor Skills ; Muscle Strength ; Muscles ; ROC Curve ; Stroke* ; Walking

Chylous leakage is an extremely rare complication of surgery for breast cancer. We experienced a case of chylous leakage after axillary lymph node dissection. A 38-year-old woman with invasive ductal carcinoma in the left breast underwent a modified radical mastectomy after four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The postoperative serosanguinous drainage fluid became "milky" on the fourth postoperative day. After trying conservative management, we re-explored the axilla and ligated the lymphatic trunk. Although the success of many cases supports conservative management, timely surgical intervention represents an alternative in cases where leakage persists or where the output is high.
Adult ; Axilla ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Chyle ; Drainage ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical

A narrow internal auditory canal (IAC) with duplication is a rare anomaly of the temporal bone. It is associated with congenital sensorineural hearing loss. Aplasia or hypoplasia of the vestibulocochlear nerve may cause the hearing loss. We present an unusual case of an isolated narrow IAC with duplication that was detected by a CT scan. In this case, the IAC was divided by a bony septum into an empty stenotic inferoposterior portion and a large anterosuperior portion containing the facial nerve that was clearly delineated on MRI.
Child ; Ear, Inner/*abnormalities/radiography ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/*congenital ; Humans ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Cerebrovascular complications are of the most frequent intracranial complications of bacterial meningitis. Most of the previous reports suggest that the prognosis for the pafients with cerebrovascular complications was unfavorable. We recently experienced a case of meningococcal meningitis with fulminant meningococcemia associated with multifocal non-enhancing lesions on, initial brain MRI. These lesions were hyperintense on T2weighted image and were located in left basal ganglia, both medial thalami, periventricular white matter, left cerebellar hemisphere, and right midbrain and were considered to be resulted from small vessel involvement. Gram negative diplococci were detected by Gram staining of specimens from skin lesion. After antimicrobial therapy and glucocorticoid replacement the patient was recovered without any neurologic sequelae. After one month, follow-up MRI showed resolution of all the ischemic lesions except in midbrain. Additionally there was a small focal hemtoma formation in left basal ganglia. The small hematoma was considered to be resulted from rupture of microaneurysm and disappeared on follow up MRI performed after 3 months. This case suggests that the cerebrovascular complications in meningococcal mningitis might be treated successfully.
Basal Ganglia ; Brain ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningitis* ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Meningitis, Meningococcal ; Mesencephalon ; Prognosis ; Rupture ; Skin