BACKGROUND: Paraquat, a widely used herbicide, is extremely toxic, causing multiple organ failure in humans. Paraquat especially leads to irreversible progressive pulmonary fibrosis, which is related to oxygen free radicals. However, its biochemical mechanism is not clear. Natural mechanisms that prevent damage from oxygen free radicals include changes in glutathione level, G6PDH, superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. The authors think catalase is closely related to paraquat toxicity in the lungs METHOD: The effects of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole(aminotriazole), a catalase inhibitor, on mice administered with paraquat were investigated. We studied the effects of aminotriazole on the survival of mice administered with paraquat, by comparing life spans between the group to which paraquat had been administered and the group to which a combination of paraquat and aminotriazole had been administered. We measured glutathion level, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PDH), superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase(GPx) in the lung tissue of 4 groups of mice: the control grouts, group A(aminouiazole injected), group B(paraquat administered), group C(Paraquat and aminotriazole administered). RESULTS: The mortality of mice administered with paraquat which were treated with aminotriazole was significantly increased compared with those of mice not treated with aminotriazole. Glutathione level in group B was decreased by 20%, a significant decrease compared with the control group. However, this level was not changed by the administration of aminotriazole(group C). The activity of G6PDH in all groups was not significantly changed compared with the control group. The activities of SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase(GPx) in the lung tissue were significantly decreased by paraquat administration(group B); catalase showed the largest decrease. Catalase and GPX were significantly decreased by aminotriazole treatment in mice administered with paraquat but change in SOD activity was not significant.(group C). CONCLUSION: Decrease in catalase activity by paraquat suggests that paraquat toxicity in the lungs is closely related to catalase activity. Paraquat toxicity in mice is enhanced by aminotriazole administration, and its result is related to the decrease of catalase activity rather than glutathione level in the lungs. Production of hydroxyl radicals, the most reactive oxygen metabolite, is accelerated due to increased hydrogen peroxide by catalase inhibition and the lung damage probably results from nonspecific tissue injury of hydroxyl radicals.
Amitrole* ; Animals ; Catalase ; Free Radicals ; Glucose ; Glutathione ; Glutathione Peroxidase ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; Lung* ; Mice* ; Mortality ; Multiple Organ Failure ; Oxygen ; Paraquat* ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Superoxides

No abstract available.
Aneurysm* ; Cerebral Infarction* ; Foramen Ovale, Patent*

No abstract available.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis*

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of tumor suppressor genes, p53 and Rb gene, as well as apoptosis in the carcinogenesis of ovarian epithelial tumors. And the value of these factors as prognostic markers to tell the transformation of borderline tumors to overt carcinomas is also studied. METHOD: Thirty cases of ovarian epithelial benign and borderline tumors and invasive carcinoma were used and the expression of the p53 protein and Rb gene protein were evaluated by immunohistochemical method. The apoptosis was evaluated by TUNNEL method. RESULTS: Positive rate of p53 expression in benign, borderline and invasive tumors were 0, 28, and 94 %, respectively. And also, p53 was highly expressed in chemoresistant cases (2/3), in residual tumor (4/5) and in recurred cancer (2/2). Rb protein was partly lost in the borderline tumors, but the rate of Rb protein loss in both borderline tumors and invasive carcinomas were similar. Apoptosis were more active in overt carcinomas than in borderline and benign tumors. In borderline tumors, p53 protein was expressed as 28.6% positivity, and apoptosis was expressed as 28.6% negativity, which showed indirectly that there was apoptosis induction effect of p53. In ten cases of invasive carcinomas showing highly expressed p53, apoptosis revealed all positive reaction except 2 cases, and Rb protein revealed variously. This result supported the apoptosis imduction effect of p53, but it was difficult to find the association of expression degree between the two tumor supressor genes CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the values of p53 is a discriminating factor of malignancy from benign and the expression of p53 is related with clinical aggressivity such as recurrence and residual cancers. Apoptosis are more active in overt carcinoma than in benign & borderline tumor, and in borderline tumor the expression of p53 is related to apoptosis induction which results to carcinomatous change.
Apoptosis* ; Carcinogenesis ; Genes, Retinoblastoma* ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Recurrence ; Retinoblastoma Protein

Continuous bladder irrigation with 1% alum solution was performed in 10 patients with various lesions in whom massive bladder hemorrhage persisted despite evacuation of clots and normal saline irrigation. Hematuria ceased promptly in all patients without any complication. So, we report them with the literature review.
Hematuria ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Cor Triatriatum*

Several specific monoclonal antibodies for B, T and natural killer (NK) cell were used to investigate the B cell localization and the expression of their phe- notype in lymphoid nodules on frozen and paraffin sections of human tonsil and lymph node by means of an immunocytochemical ABC technic. The results indi- cate that monoclonal antibodies reactive with germinal centers in tonsil and ly- mph node gave a simlar results and the results indicate that transformation and germination of germinal center cells involve phenotype changs but except T-200. For example, in the lower zone of germinal center, the lymphoblasts are weakly stained for IgM andLN-2 antibodies, but not for OKB-2 and BA-1, while in th upper zone the centrocytes are intense staining for IgM, LN-2, OKB-2 and BA-1 antibodies arelight or moderate staining separately Further charaterization of B cells in upperzone is frenquently observed clcavages on their nuclear memb- rane. In the mantle zone, the lymphocytes are strongly reacted with OKB-2 and BA-1, middle staining for LN-2 and light staining for sIgM. Plasma cell is only reactive with T-200 and IgM antibodies.

No abstract available.
Sympathectomy

PURPOSE: To describe MR findings of recurred giant cell tumor of bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR imagings of ten cases of pathologically proven recurrence of giant cell tumor were retrospectively analyzed. Location of recurrence, multiplicity of recurred tumor, signal intensity and homogeneity, pattern of gadolinium enhancement, soft tissue and articular surface involvement were evaluated. RESULTS: Tumors were located in peripheral portion of previous operation site(80%). Six cases recurred as multiple lesions. Tumor showed low signal intensity on T1 weighted images(100%), high signal intensity on T2 weighted images(100%) and inhomogeneous peripheral rim enhancing pattern(75%). Soft tissue and articular surface involvement were also demonstrated. CONCLUSION: We concluded that characteristic MR findings of recurred giant cell tumor could be helpful in early detection and precise evaluation of tumor recurrence.
Gadolinium ; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone ; Giant Cell Tumors* ; Giant Cells* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

A nine year old boy presented asymptomatic multiple papular lesions for 6 months. Biopsy revealed typical features of xanthogranuloma with Touton type giant cells. Authors observed natural course of the lesions for about 2 years thereafter, which showed shrinkage of the existing papules in general in spite of newly appearing lesions. Review of the previous cases reported by the name of juvenile xanthogranuloma showed that the age of the onset of the most of the cases with multiple lesions was before one year after birth, but adolescent cases were rare. It was also noted that previous cases with such multiple lesions had a course of spontaneous regression regardless of the onset of its age.
Adolescent* ; Biopsy ; Giant Cells ; Humans ; Male ; Parturition ; Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile