No abstract available.
Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

No abstract available.
Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis*

PURPOSE: The diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome on CT is difficult if CT do not demonstrate obstruction of the IVC or hepatic vein and other parameter is needed for the correct diagnosis. The purpose of our study was to determine the usefulness of measuring the diameter of azygos-hemiazygos vein on CT to differentiate Budd-Chiari syndrome from advanced liver cirrhosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen patients who were proven as Budd-Chiari syndrome on vena cavography were studied for analysis. All patients showed evidence of liver cirrhosis on CT. As a control group fifteen cases of advanced liver cirrhosis who underwent endoscopic sclerotheraphy due to esophageal variceal bleeding were also included for comparison. The largest short axis diameter of azygos-hemiazygos vein was measured in all patients at the level of diaphragm on axial CT and the results were compared in both groups. RESULTS: In patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome the largest short axial diameter of azygos-hemiazygos vein ranged from 0.5cm to 2.5cm(mean ;1.5cm). Only one patient who showed hepatic venous obstruction demonstrated a diameter of less than 1 cm(0. Scm). In contrast, the diameter in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis without obstruction of IVC or hepatic vein was less than 1 cm with a range from 0.2cm to 1 cm(mean ;0.6cm). CONCLUSION: The short axis diameter of azygos-hemiazygos vein was an indicator of IVC obstruction (Budd-Chiari syndrome).
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Budd-Chiari Syndrome* ; Diagnosis* ; Diaphragm ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Hepatic Veins ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Veins*

No abstract available.
Mandible* ; Osteoblastoma*

No abstract available.
Mandible* ; Osteoblastoma*

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to determine the smoking status and its associated factors in military life among young Korean men to provide date for smoking prevention in military areas as a part of the health promotion program for soldiers. METHODS: 1,033 infantrymen serving in 17 military units, which are located in suburbs of K city, were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire on the soldiers smoking status and other various characteristics was obtained from October 2nd to 12th, 2000. Logistic regression analysis was performed on the various variables in order to determine the factors related to smoking. RESULTS: 1) 830(80.3%) out of 1033 subjects had smoked cigarettes and 759 persons(73.4%) were regular smokers. 2) Among the 734 soldiers who started smoking before their military service, 714 soldiers(97.2%) continued to smoke after, while 45 soldiers(15.0%) among the 299 non-smokers started smoking after joining the army. 3) Through the logistic regression analysis, the education level, specialty in the army, smoking amongst the friends they met before military service, smoking amongst soldiers in the army, dating girl friends, drinking, satisfaction with their army lives and the presence of convenient smoking places at the barracks were significant factors related to the prevalence of smoking in soldiers. CONCLUSION: the factors related with incidence of smoking in the army are the complicated interactions among the individuals personal background, general charcterisitcs of the solider and the special environment in the barracks. Therefore, to improve national soldiers' health, an active non-smoking campaign and education should be pushed to discourage smoking in the barracks.
Drinking ; Education ; Female ; Friends ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Military Personnel* ; Prevalence ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Tobacco Products

Muscle wasting is commonly seen in patients with sepsis as a consequence of the catabolic response in skeletal muscle. Muscle wasting can occur in cases that have an imbalance between degradation and synthesis of muscle proteins. Although decrements in the synthesis of muscle proteins may contribute to sepsis-induced muscle wasting, it has been recognized that increments in its degradation play a more essential role in muscle wasting. Muscle wasting in sepsis patients has some significant clinical consequences such as reduced ambulation and exercise tolerance, and an increased risk for pulmonary and thromboembolic complications. Several mechanisms have been proposed for sepsis-induced muscle wasting. Increased proteolysis via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and the calpains system is one of the principal mechanisms of muscle wasting induced by sepsis. Calpains are activated by calcium, which increases in patients with sepsis. The activation of the calpains system disrupts the sarcomere of the myofibrils, resulting in the release of myofilaments that are subsequently ubiquitinated and degraded by the 26S proteasome complex. Recent studies have suggested that transcriptional factors such as NF-kappaB and FoxO, and the apoptosis and autophagy-lysosome pathways may also be involved in sepsis-induced muscle wasting. This review briefly summarizes the contribution of these mechanisms of muscle wasting in patients with sepsis and the possible therapeutic agents to treat it.
Apoptosis ; Atrophy ; Calcium ; Calpain ; Exercise Tolerance ; Humans ; Muscle Proteins ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles ; Myofibrils ; NF-kappa B ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex ; Proteolysis ; Sarcomeres ; Sepsis ; Ubiquitin ; Walking

Applied TNM-system for determination and prognostic classification of the cancer patients of Oral and Maxillofacial region does, however, only partly justice, if at all, to the nature of the tumor disease. And the TNM-system implies among other defects a crude simplification of the complex pattern of the tumor disease. But in clinical practice, the prognosis must be determined on the bases of a specific combination of clinical factors under consideration of various therapeutical conditions. For more reliable and objective prognosis determination for the cancer patients of Oral and Maxillofacial region, `Retrospective DOSAK(German-Austrian-Swiss Association for Head and Neck Tumors) study' introduced Treatment-dependent Prognosis Index TPI in 1982. Treatment-dependent Prognosis Index TPI gives the clinician an opportunity to determine the prognosis before starting therapy at the time of the first admission of the patient, during the therapy and immediately after complete of the therapy. The fundamental purpose of the TPI can be summarized as follows. 1) In clinical-therapeutical cancer research the TPI provides a sound basis for the planning and verification of therapy studies. 2) In clinical practice the TPI allows a reliable and objective determination of the prognosis for the individual patient and thus provides the clinician valuable assistance in planning the treatment. The authors estimated the survival curves of the 179 cases of squamous cell carcinoma from 1985.1.1 to 1992.8.31 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital according to Treatment-dependent Prognosis Index TPI of Retrospective DOSAK study and compared with the survival curves observed in long term study on prognosis of patients.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Classification ; Head ; Humans ; Neck ; Prognosis* ; Retrospective Studies ; Seoul ; Social Justice ; Surgery, Oral

BACKGROUND: CYFRA 21-1 is a tumor marker which measures a fragment of cytokeratin 19 expressed by epithelial cells in bronchus. It is known that cytokeratin 19 is abundant in squamous epithelial cell cancer of the lung. However, if the incidence of elevated serum CYFRA 21-1 level in patients with benign lung diseases or pulmonary tuberculosis with severe parenchymal damage is high the specificity of CYFRA 21-1 could be decreased. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes of serum CYFRA 21-1 according to the degree of parenchymal damage and the usefulness of CYFRA 21-1 for diagnosing possibly combined lung cancer in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. METHOD: We studied the changes of serum CYFRA 21-1 according to the sputum AFB stain, radiologic manifestation and history of treatment in 81 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, and 20 healthy persons, 25 patients with lung cancer, as a control group. CYFRA 21-1 concentration in serum was quantified by the immunoradiometry assay(Centocor (R)) RESULT: The results were as follow; Serum CYFRA 21-1 level was significantly lower in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis(1.54+/-1.19ng/mL, p<0.01) as compared to patients with lung cancer( 12.25+/-15.97ng/mL), and was slightly higher than the level in heathy persons(0.90+/-0.49ng/mL) but there was no significant difference. Serum CYFRA 21-1 level was below the cut-off value of 3.3ng/mL in 95 percent of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis but it was above the cut-off value in 64 percent of patients with lung cancer. Serum CYFRA 21-1 level was significantly higher in the initial treatment group(1.91+/-1.55ng/mL, p<0.05) as compared to the treatment failure group (0.92+/-0.30ng/mL). According to the sputum AFB smear, serum CYFRA 21-1 level in patients with negative result was slightly higher than the level in patients with positive result but there was no significant difference. According to the radiologic manifestation, serum CYFRA 21-1 level was significantly higher in patients with infiltrative lesion (2.15+/-1.63ng/mL, p<0.01) as compared to patients with destructive lesion (1.04+/-0.54ng/mL). As the size of cavity or destructive lesion was larger, the level was significantly lower(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: As serum CYFRA 21-1 level was significantly higher in the initial treatment group and patients with infiltrative lesion, it suppose to be closely related with the degree of parenchymal damage of the lung of the pulmonary tuberculosis. However CYFRA 21-1 could be useful method for diagnosing lung cancer even in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis combined with lung cancer because of the fact that it was below the cutoff value of 3.3ng/mL in 95 percent of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Bronchi ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Incidence ; Keratin-19 ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Lung Neoplasms ; Sensitivity and Specificity* ; Sputum ; Treatment Failure ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

No abstract available.
Ameloblasts* ; Fibroma*