Adolescent ; Altitude ; Ghrelin ; blood ; Humans ; Overweight ; blood ; Sleep

PURPOSE: Ghrelin is the known orexigenic hormone as well as an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor and has been shown to be related with the regulation of energy homeostasis. To investigate the changes of plasma ghrelin levels in response to weight loss induced by exercise, we measured fasting plasma ghrelin levels in obese and control groups before and after exercise intervention. METHODS: According to body mass index (BMI), total 32 adult women were divided into obese group (n=14, BMI> or =25 kg/m2) and control group (n=18, BMI<25 kg/m2). All subjects underwent weight reduction exercise intervention for 3 months. Before and after exercise, we measured body compositions, serum lipid profiles, serum glucose, plasma ghrelin levels in all subjects. RESULTS: At baseline, the plasma ghrelin levels in obese group were significantly lower than those in the control group. After the exercise intervention, the plasma ghrelin levels increased significantly from 174.8+/-40.8 to 235.9+/-53.1 pg/mL (P<0.05) in obese group and from 244.4+/-42.6 to 276.5+/-45.1 pg/mL (P<0.05) in control group. The changes of plasma ghrelin levels in obese group (38.7+/-30.8 pg/mL) were significantly higher than those of the control group (14.6+/-20.3 pg/mL, P<0.05). However, there was no significant relationship between the changes of plasma ghrelin levels and various parameters in the obese group after exercise. CONCLUSION: In this study, the plasma ghrelin levels in obese adults were significantly increased than those in the control group associated with exercise-induced weight loss. Further studies are needed to establish the precise roles of ghrelin in the regulation of energy homeostasis in obesity.
Adult ; Blood Glucose ; Body Composition ; Body Mass Index ; Fasting ; Female ; Ghrelin* ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Obesity ; Plasma* ; Receptors, Ghrelin ; Weight Loss

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Diet, High-Fat ; Ghrelin ; blood ; Lipids ; blood ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Ghrelin ; blood ; Glucose ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Obesity ; blood ; Time Factors

Bariatric Surgery ; methods ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Ghrelin ; blood ; Humans ; Obesity ; blood ; surgery ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship of plasma ghrelin and adenohypophyseal hormone levels in female precocious puberty.

METHODSA total of 84 patients aged from 6 to 9 years were enrolled in this study. They were divided into idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) and premature thelarche(PT)groups according to their secondary sexual characteristics, bone age, volumes of uterus and ovary, and results of GnRH test. Plasma ghrelin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. ACTH, TSH, PRL, GH, LH and FSH were measured by chemoluminescence technique.

RESULTSGhrelin levels in ICPP group were Log (2.42+/-0.26) ng/L, which were significantly lower than those in PT group and controls [Log (2.62+/-0.21) ng/L and Log (2.58+/-0.44) ng/L, respectively, P<0.05]. However there was no significant difference between PT group and controls(P>0.05). Ghrelin levels of ICPP girls with Tanner III were Log (2.31+/-0.24) ng/L, significantly lower than those of ICPP girls with Tanner II [Log (2.53+/-0.24) ng/L, P<0.05]. By bivariate correlation analysis, ghrelin levels in precocious puberty girls were negatively correlated with ACTH, PRL and LH15, LH30 and LH60 in GnRH test(r=-0.248, -0.235, -0.445, 0.405, 0.398, respectively, P<0.05). No significant correlation was found between ghrelin and GH, LH0(-2), FSH0(-2), and FSH15, FSH30 and FSH60 in GnRH test.

CONCLUSIONICPP girls have lower plasma ghrelin levels, which are decreased with the development of Tanner stage. The plasma ghrelin levels are negatively correlated with ACTH, PRL and LH.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ; blood ; Child ; Female ; Ghrelin ; blood ; Gonadotropins, Pituitary ; blood ; Humans ; Luteinizing Hormone ; blood ; Puberty, Precocious ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate effects of in ovo ghrelin administration on serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level in newly-hatched chickens.

METHODSFertilized eggs were divided into 7 groups: group T1 as control (without injection), group T2 (in ovo injected with 50 ng/egg ghrelin on day 5), group T3 (in ovo injected with 100 ng/egg ghrelin on day 5), group T4 (in ovo injected with 50 ng/egg ghrelin on day 10), group T5 (in ovo injected with 100 ng/egg ghrelin on day 10), group T6 (in ovo injected with solvent: 1% acetic acid, without ghrelin on day 5) and group T7 (in ovo injected with solvent without ghrelin on day 10). After hatching, serum MDA concentrations were determined.

RESULTSGhrelin administrated groups (T2, T3, T4 and T5) had lower serum MDA level in comparison with control group (T1) or solvent injected groups (T6 and T7). T2 and T3 (ghrelin injection on day 5) had significantly lower MDA concentrations (4.10 and 4.60 nmol/mL, respectively) in comparison with other groups. In T4 and T5, MDA levels were lower than T1, T6 and T7 (non-ghrelin administrated groups) (9.53 and 9.50 in comparison with 10.73, 10.03 and 10.13 nmol/mL) and were higher than T2 and T3.

CONCLUSIONSIt can be concluded that in ovo administration of ghrelin can have anti-oxidative protection and reduce serum MDA level. Ghrelin administration on day 5 of incubation is more efficient.

Animals ; Antioxidants ; administration & dosage ; Chickens ; Ghrelin ; administration & dosage ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Serum ; chemistry

We investigated the effects of short-term food restriction and repeated fasting and refeeding on appetite regulating hormones and adiponectin activity in rats. To investigate the acute and chronic effects of food restriction in vivo, Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group (CON), a 1 day fasting group, a 2 days fasting gruop, a 3 days fasting gruop, a fasting and refeeding for 1 week gruoup and a fasting and refeeding for 2 weeks group. Blood glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol decreased in all fasting groups compared to those in the CON group. Free fatty acid of all fasting groups was higher than those in the CON, and were lowest in the three cycle fasting and refeeding group. Blood insulin following short-term food restriction was lower than that in the CON. blood ghrelin increased significantly (p < 0.01) following the short-term food restriction, However, blood ghrelin in the repeated fasting and refeeding groups decreased significantly decreased (p < 0.01) compared to that in the CON and short-term food restriction group. In contrast, blood leptin decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in the short term food restriction group and the three cycle of fasting and refeeding group but increased in the six cycle of fasting and refeeding group. No significant differences in adiponectin contents were observed in the short-term food restriction group. But, adiponectin increased significantly (p < 0.01) following the fasting and refeeding cycles. Blood adiponectin and blood leptin levels were showed positively correlated (r2 = 0.469) when all samples were analysed together.
Adiponectin ; Animals ; Appetite ; Blood Glucose ; Cholesterol ; Fasting ; Ghrelin ; Insulin ; Leptin ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

BACKGROUNDFood composition and style is changing dramatically now, which causes inappropriate secretion of hormones from brain, gastrointestinal and endo-pancreas, may be related to unbalance of glucose in blood. The aim of this study was to explore the fast response of C-peptide, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), ghrelin and endomorphin-1 (EM-1) to the eastern and western style meals in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

METHODSThe study enrolled 57 patients with type 2 diabetes (20 men and 37 women, mean age (67.05 ± 8.26) years). Eastern style meal (meal A) and western style meal (meal B) were designed to produce the fullness effect. C-peptide, GLP-1, ghrelin and EM-1 were assessed before (0 hour) and after (2 hours) each diet.

RESULTSThe delta (2h - 0h) of C- peptide in meal A was significantly lower than that in meal B (P = 0.0004). C-peptide, GLP-1, ghrelin and EM-1 were obviously higher before meal B than those before meal A (P < 0.0001, < 0.0001, = 0.001, = 0.0004 respectively). Blood glucose 2 hours and 3 hours after meal B were higher than those after meal A (P = 0.0005, 0.0079 respectively). Correlations between GLP-1 and ghrelin were strongly positive before both meals and 2 hours after both meals and also in relation to the delta of meal A and meal B (r(A0h) = 0.7836, r(B0h) = 0.9368, r(A2h) = 0.7615, r(B2h) = 0.9409, r(A(2h-0h)) = 0.7531, r((2h-0h))B = 0.9980, respectively, P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONWestern style meal (high fat and protein food) could make more response of C-peptide than eastern style meal, and could stimulate more gut hormones (GLP-1, ghrelin) and brain peptide (EM-1) at the first phase of digestion.

Aged ; C-Peptide ; blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; Diet ; Fasting ; blood ; Female ; Ghrelin ; blood ; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oligopeptides ; blood ; Postprandial Period

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of duodenum in regulation of ghrelin and body mass index (BMI) and the correlation between ghrelin and BMI after subtotal gastrectomy.

METHODSForty-two patients with T(0-1)N(0-1)M(0) gastric cancer were divided into two groups after gastrectomy according to digestive reconstruction pattern, Billroth I group (n=23) and Billroth II group (n=19) respectively. Plasma ghrelin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) before and at day 1, 7, 30 and 360 after gastrectomy,and BMIs were also measured.

RESULTSTwo groups had identical postoperative trends in ghrelin alterations during the early stage, both dropping to nadir at day 1 (36.7% vs 35.7%), then markedly increasing at day 7 (51.0% vs 51.1%). At day 30, ghrelin level of Billroth I group was slightly higher than that of Billroth II group. At day 360, ghrelin level of Billroth I group recovered to 93.6%, approaching though lower than preoperative level and no significant difference was displayed, while ghrelin level of Billroth II group recovered only to 81.6% of preoperational level and significant difference existed (P=0.033). Compared with preoperative levels, ghrelin of two groups decreased by 6.9% and 18.4% while BMI by 3.3% and 6.4% respectively, liner regression correlations were revealed in both groups between decrease magnitudes(R(1)(2)=0.297,P=0.00;R(2)(2)=0.559,P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONSAnatomico-physiological duodenum compensatively promotes ghrelin recovery, accordingly enhances BMI after gastrectomy. Regarding patients with insufficient ghrelin secretion, ghrelin is positively correlated with BMI.

Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Duodenum ; metabolism ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Ghrelin ; blood ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stomach Neoplasms ; blood ; physiopathology ; surgery