We report a case of alveolar soft part sarcoma(ASPS) of the uterine cervix in a 57-year-old female. She was presented with vaginal bleeding and underwent total hysterectomy. A 1.1cm-sized, polypoid mass was found at the uterine cervix. Microscopically, it had shown an alveolar arrangement of tumor cells and characteristic Periodic acid-Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant, intracytoplasmic granules. Distinct cytoplasmic crystals were found on the ultrastructural examination and tumor cells showed immunoreactivity for smooth muscle actin, myoglobin and neuron-specific enolase, while nonreactive for desmin, vimentin and S-100 protein. Myogenic origin can be suggested with these immunohistochemical results.
Female ; Humans

Many kinds of genetic changes have been known to be associated with malignant lymphoma and bcl-2, p53 and c-myc are some examples. We investigated the expression of p53 and c-myc protein in follicular and diffuse B cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry to study the possible role of these proteins in the lymphomagenesis and transformation of the tumor. The rearrangement of bcl-2 oncogene and the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene was searched for in those cases by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Paraffin-embedded tissues of fifteen follicular lymphomas and 14 diffuse lymphoma cases were used. The results of immunohistochemical staining are summarized as follows: 1) p53 positivity is significantly higher in diffuse lymphoma than in follicular lymphoma(P=0.001); 2) c-myc expression is not increased in diffuse lymphoma compared with follicular lymphoma; 3) PCNA index is significantly higher in diffuse lymphoma than in follicular lymphoma(P=0.03) but there was no statistically significant correlation between PCNA index and p53 positivity(P=0.44); 4) Eight out of 14 cases of follicular lymphoma and 12 of 14 cases of diffuse lymphoma showed rearrangement of the immunogloblulin heavy chain gene; 5) bcl-2 oncogene rearrangement was identified in only one case of follicular lymphoma and all the diffuse type lymphomas were negative in bcl-2/IgH rearrangement. In conclusion, assuming that the follicular pattern of B-cell lymphoma often transforms to diffuse type in later stages, c-myc over-expression might be an earlier event than p53 mutation in the process of tumor progression in B-cell lymphoma. bcl-2/IgH gene rearrangement in follicular lymphoma is a rare finding in Korea compared to that of Western countries.

This erratum is being published to correct the co-authors errors.

Liver transplantation (LT) across the ABO-blood type barrier is prone to antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), which often leads to a deleterious clinical outcome. While it is of paramount importance to make an early diagnosis of AMR, the morphologic features of AMR in the liver are not specific, and the differential diagnosis is often difficult or even impossible on a morphologic basis alone. The clinical utility of C4d immunostaining is limited in the liver, unlike other organs, further complicating the situation. Therefore, the diagnosis of AMR in the liver requires integration of clinical, morphologic, immunopathologic, and serological evidence.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Early Diagnosis ; Liver ; Liver Transplantation ; Rejection (Psychology) ; Transplants

Background: Both neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) exhibit neuroendocrine differentiation and are classified as neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs).NECs and nonneuroendocrine neoplasms (non-NENs), such as adenocarcinoma, have similar mutational profiles. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in metastatic patterns and to identify the key factor causing these differences by simultaneously comparing the metastatic patterns of NETs, NECs and non-NENs from various primary organs. Methods: We retrieved data for 4,223 patients with NENs and 41,637 patients with non-NENs arising at various primary sites from an institutional database and then compared NET, NEC, and non-NEN metastatic patterns. Results: NETs and NECs showed generally similar metastatic patterns. Most NEN patients had a higher liver organotrophic metastasis rate, lower lung organotrophic metastasis rate, and lower pleural/peritoneal organotrophic metastasis rate than non-NEN patients. Some differences were characteristics of specific organs. Some of these site-specific differences were not caused by NENs but by non-NENs, including a higher bone organotrophic metastasis rate for medullary thyroid carcinoma and a lower bone organotrophic metastasis rate for pulmonary NEN. Other differences were probably caused by NENs, including a higher bone organotrophic metastasis rate for colorectal NETs. Uterine cervical NEC showed unique patterns of metastasis compared to NEN from other sites. Conclusion Significant differences between the metastatic patterns of NENs and non-NENs were detected. The multigene program that causes neuroendocrine differentiation might be associated with organotropic metastasis.

Iridocorneal endothelial(ICE) syndrome is charaterized by unilateral glaucoma, abnormal corneal endothelium with proliferation, and iris stromal abnormalities. Uncontrolled glaucoma in ICE syndrome has been treated with filtering surgery, but the late failures occurred frequently. The medical records of nine patients with ICE syndrome that underwent glaucoma surgery were retrospectively reviewed. 6 eyes were progressive iris atrophy, and 3 eyes were Cogan-Reese syndrome. The success rates of primary trabeculectomy at 1 and 2 years were 57.1% and 33.3%, respectively. Ahmed glaucoma valve implant oeprations were performed on 6 eyes with failed previous filtering operation. 4 of 6 eyes resulted in controlled IOP until last follow up visit(mean ; 18.8 months). Overall, 1.9 times operations were needed to control IOP. Operations were performed only one time in 4 patients and two times in 3 patients to control IOP.
Atrophy ; Endothelium, Corneal ; Filtering Surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glaucoma* ; Humans ; Ice ; Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome* ; Iris ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Trabeculectomy

LMP (latent membrane protein)-1 protein is one of the Epstein-Barr viral proteins and it is the most crucial one for the transforming activity. It is known to show considerable variation in its nucleic acid sequence and some biologic difference is reported to be associated with the variation. Twenty four cases of the EBV-associated Hodgkin's disease cases were searched for the 30-bp deletion within the C terminal intracytoplasmic domain of LMP-1 oncogene, one of the well-known genetic variation, by PCR and Southern blot using selected sets of primers and probes. The strain of the virus was also determined with PCR. Each case was positive both on LMP-1 immunostaining and in situ hybridization for EBER (Epstein-Barr encoded RNA). Deletion within LMP-1 oncogene was identified in 22 cases (92%), of which 5 cases showed wild form as well as a deleted form of LMP-1 at the same specimens. In seven cases showing the non-deleted form, pure or mixed with a deleted form, the distribution of sex and age was similar to that of the deleted form-only-group, but there was a slight tendency for a higher stage at presentation (4 of the 7 cases presented with stage IV). Those seven cases comprised of 4 cases of nodular sclerosis (NS), 2 cases of mixed cellularity (MC) and a case of lymphocyte depletion subtype while there were 9 and 12 cases of NS and MC among all the examined cases, respectively. Two cases with both a deleted form and the non-deleted form of LMP-1 showed type I and II strain of the virus while all the others contained only type of the. In conclusion, the rate of deletion in LMP-1 oncogene in our series was higher than that reported in western countries and there was a slight tendency for higher stages in cases detecting mixed deleted and non-deleted forms of LMP-1 than in cases a of deleted from of LMP-1.
Blotting, Southern ; Genetic Variation ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Hodgkin Disease* ; In Situ Hybridization ; Korea* ; Lymphocyte Depletion ; Membranes ; Oncogenes* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sclerosis ; Viral Proteins

We report a case of lymphadenoma arising in the parotid gland. A 53-year-old female patient presented with a mass in the parotid gland. Grossly, it was a well-demarcated solid mass measuring 3 cm in diameter. Microscopic examination revealed many cysts or duct-like structures in the background of the prominent lymphoid stroma, confirming a diagnosis of lymphadenoma. This particular case was thought to have arisen from an intraparotid lymph node. Lymphadenoma is a rare benign neoplasm of the salivary gland with partial resemblance to other salivary gland tumors, such as Warthin's tumor, cystadenoma, sebaceous lymphadenoma or mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Therefore proper recognition of this rare entity is warranted to avoid confusion in the diagnosis.
Adenolymphoma/*pathology ; Case Report ; Female ; Human ; Middle Age ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms/*pathology

Megalocytic interstitial nephritis is a rare form of kidney disease caused by chronic inflammation. We report a case of megalocytic interstitial nephritis occurring in a 45-yrold woman who presented with oliguric acute kidney injury and acute pyelonephritis accompanied by Escherichia coli bacteremia. Her renal function was not recovered despite adequate duration of susceptible antibiotic treatment, accompanied by negative conversion of bacteremia and bacteriuria. Kidney biopsy revealed an infiltration of numerous histiocytes without Michaelis-Gutmann bodies. The patient's renal function was markedly improved after short-term treatment with high-dose steroid.
Acute Disease ; Acute Kidney Injury/complications/*drug therapy/pathology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Azithromycin/therapeutic use ; Bacteremia/*drug therapy/microbiology/pathology ; Cefotaxime/therapeutic use ; Creatinine/blood ; Escherichia coli ; Escherichia coli Infections/*drug therapy/microbiology/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney/pathology ; Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Nephritis, Interstitial/*drug therapy/immunology/pathology ; Pyelonephritis/complications/*drug therapy/pathology ; Renal Dialysis ; Shock, Septic/drug therapy/microbiology

The descriptive term "mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney" was recently proposed for a group of renal tumors characterized histologically by a mixture of stromal and epithelial proliferation. It is a rare benign neoplasm of the kidney which has been reported under various names such as adult type mesoblastic nephroma or others. We report a case of mixed epithelial and stromal tumor in a 47 yr old female patient presenting as a partly cystic and partly solid renal mass. Microscopically, the tumor exhibited spindle cell component in solid portion and epithelial proliferation around microcystic areas. Immunoreactive profiles and ultrastructural examination suggested myofibroblastic nature of the stromal cells. We believe this case exemplifies a unique adult renal tumor displaying both epithelial and stromal neoplastic component and has a few unusual features worthy of attention.
Nephroma, Mesoblastic/pathology ; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/*pathology ; Middle Aged ; Kidney Neoplasms/*pathology ; Humans ; Female ; Diagnosis, Differential