Bleb-related infective endophthalmitis is an uncommon but serious complication more commonly associated with glaucoma-filtering surgery. However, blebs can also result from other intraocular surgery, including extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) surgery. This report illustrates a case of infective endophthalmitis from an extracapsular cataract extraction bleb. Immediate treatment with intravitreal antibiotics is essential, but may still result in a poor visual outcome.

The CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) play an important role in immune tolerance in experimental transplantation but the clinical significance of circulating Tregs in the peripheral blood is undetermined. In 50 kidney transplant (KT) recipients, 29 healthy controls and 32 liver transplant (LT) recipients, the frequency of Tregs was measured with flow cytometry before and after transplantation. In the KT recipients, IL-10 secretion was measured with an enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay. The median frequency of circulating Tregs before KT was similar to that in healthy controls but significantly lower than that in LT patients before transplantation. The frequency of Tregs was significantly decreased in patients with subclinical acute rejection compared with those without subclinical acute rejection. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) and anti-CD25 antibody decreased the frequency of Tregs but mTOR inhibitor did not. The frequency of donor-specific IL-10 secreting cells did not correlate with the number of Tregs. The frequency of circulating Tregs in KT recipients is strongly affected by CNIs and anti-CD25 antibody, and a low frequency of Tregs is associated with subclinical acute rejection during the early posttransplant period.
Adult ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Graft Rejection ; Humans ; Interleukin-10/metabolism ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/*biosynthesis ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood/immunology/*therapy ; Kidney Transplantation/*methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrology/*methods ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/*immunology