PURPOSE: The visual performance of pseudophakic eyes depends on the type of intraocular lenses (IOLs) that are implanted. Aspherical and multifocal IOLs have recently been developed to improve visual quality after cataract surgery, but multifocal IOLs can be associated with decreased contrast sensitivity (CS), halos, and glare. This study compares the visual performance of monofocal and multifocal IOLs by measurement of higher-order aberrations (HOAs) and CS values. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HOAs and CS values of 42 eyes with implanted monofocal IOLs and 40 eyes with implanted multifocal IOLs were measured preoperatively and more than 6 months after surgery. In the multifocal IOL group, HOAs and CS values were also measured with addition of a trial lens of -0.5 diopter (D) to evaluate the compensatory effect on spherical aberration. RESULTS: CS values of the multifocal IOL group were significantly lower than those of the monofocal IOL group for all spatial frequencies tested (p<0.01), and the spherical aberration was significantly higher in the multifocal IOL group than in the monofocal IOL group (p<0.001). Addition of a -0.5 D lens to the multifocal IOL group decreased the difference in CS between the two groups (p=0.003). CONCLUSION: Increased spherical aberration may contribute to lower CS in the multifocal IOL group. In such cases, CS can be improved by addition of a -0.5 D lens to compensate for the spherical aberration.
Aged ; *Contrast Sensitivity ; Female ; Humans ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; *Lenses, Intraocular ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Vision Tests

BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous and ultimately fatal disease. Risk stratification using prognostic biomarkers is crucial to individualize treatments. We sought to investigate the role of CD99, a transmembrane protein highly expressed in many hematopoietic cells including subpopulations of normal and neoplastic plasma cells, for MM risk stratification. METHODS: CD99 expression was measured in paraffin samples of bone marrow and extramedullary biopsies of 170 patients with MM. Patients were divided into those with high score (moderately and strongly positive) and low score (negative and weakly positive), with all staining being cytoplasmic and/or membranous. RESULTS: High anti-CD99 immunostaining was observed in 72 of 136 (52.9%) bone marrow biopsies and 24 of 87 (27.6%) extramedullary biopsies in MM. High CD99 expression of extramedullary specimens was associated with significantly longer overall survival (OS; p=.016). High CD99 expression of extramedullary specimens was also associated with better prognosis in the nonautologous stem cell transplantation group of MM patients (p=.044). In multivariate analysis, International Staging System stage was an independent prognostic factor, whereas CD99 expression was no longer statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of CD99 in extramedullary specimens was correlated with longer OS, suggesting that CD99 may be a helpful immunohistochemical marker for risk stratification.
Biomarkers ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow ; Cytoplasm ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma* ; Multivariate Analysis ; Paraffin ; Plasma Cells ; Prognosis ; Stem Cell Transplantation