Achondrogenesis type 2 is a lethal form of congenital skeletal dysplasia characterized by severe short-limbed dwarfism, decreased vertebral ossification and normal ossification of the skull. We report an autopsy case of achondrogenesis type 2 in a female fetus terminated at 29 weeks of gestation. External morphology revealed a relatively large head, short upper and lower extremities, short neck, and distended abdomen. The x-ray finding showed normal calvarial ossification, hypoplastic ilium and unossified ischium, and metaphyseal flares of the femur and tibia. Histologically, chondrocytes were large and irregular with increased vascularity.
Abdomen ; Autopsy* ; Chondrocytes ; Dwarfism ; Female ; Femur ; Fetus ; Head ; Humans ; Ilium ; Ischium ; Lower Extremity ; Neck ; Pregnancy ; Skull ; Tibia

No abstract available.
Granular Cell Tumor* ; Larynx*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Granular Cell Tumor* ; Tongue*

No abstract available.
Catheters*

Plasmapheresis has been used for some conditions during pregnancy and puerperium, such as hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet (HELLP) syndrome. We present one case of the HELLP syndrome which was treated with plasmapheresis and also review the indications, complications and guidelines for repetitive plasma exchange.
Blood Platelets ; Female ; HELLP Syndrome* ; Hemolysis ; Liver ; Plasma Exchange ; Plasmapheresis* ; Postpartum Period* ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Tuberculosis, Laryngeal*

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to compare post-operative (post-op) visits for sinusitis between adenoidectomy and non-adenoidectomy participants (control). METHODS: Using the national cohort study from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, we used 1:4 matching to select 2,593 adenoidectomy participants and 10,372 control participants. Post-op visits for sinusitis were measured from post-op 1 year through post-op 9 years. Equivalence testing was used. Margin of equivalence of difference was set as −0.5 to 0.5 in this study. RESULTS: There were trivial differences between the two groups from post-op 1 to 2 years. However, there was no difference between the two groups from post-op 3 through 9 years. Visits for sinusitis gradually decreased in both groups. In the rare and frequent pre-operative sinusitis group, there were minor differences in both groups from post-op 1 to 2 years. In contrast, there were no differences between the two groups in rare and frequent pre-operative sinusitis groups from post-op 3 through 9 years. In the 0–4 years old group, there were minor differences between both groups from post-op 1 to 2 years. However, no differences in the number of visits for sinusitis were found between the two groups during follow up periods from post-op 3 through 9 years. Additionally, there were no differences between the two groups during the entire follow up period. CONCLUSION: Adenoidectomy does not reduce post-op visits for sinusitis. Sinusitis decreased over time whether adenoidectomy was performed or not.
Adenoidectomy* ; Case-Control Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Insurance, Health ; Sinusitis*

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship among smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity and benign or malignant parotid tumors in a Korean population. METHODS: The Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort (for ≥40-year-olds) was assessed from 2002 to 2013. In total, 336 benign parotid tumors and 46 malignant parotid tumors were matched with controls at a ratio of 1 to 4 with respect to age, sex, income, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. We analyzed previous histories of smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity. By unconditional logistic regression analyses, the crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were investigated and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were counted. RESULTS: The estimated annual incidence of the benign parotid tumors was 5.66 per 100,000, and that of the malignant parotid tumor was 0.81 per 100,000. The adjusted ORs of smoking for the benign parotid tumors was 2.52 (95% CI, 1.84 to 3.46). This finding was consistent in the subgroups of <60 years old, ≥60 years old, and men. The adjusted ORs of alcohol consumption for the benign parotid tumors showed the statistical significance only in women (adjusted OR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.10 to 5.00). Obesity did not reach a statistical significance in any analysis. CONCLUSION: Benign parotid tumor was related with smoking, and it was linked with alcohol consumption in women only.
Alcohol Drinking ; Case-Control Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Dyslipidemias ; Ethanol ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mass Screening ; National Health Programs ; Obesity ; Odds Ratio ; Salivary Glands ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tobacco

Polymorphism of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T is one of the suggested risk factors for atherosclerosis. However, few studies have reported on the relationship between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and vascular calcification (VC) in chronic hemodialysis patients. We investigated the relationship between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and VC in 152 chronic hemodialysis patients. Patients with a TT genotype exhibited significantly higher VC scores than patients expressing CC and CT (P = 0.002). The prevalence of peripheral vascular disease increased with the incidence of MTHFR C677T mutations for all patients, and the incidence of cerebrovascular accidents also increased with the presence of mutations for young patients (< or = 60 yr) (P < 0.05). Patients with CT and TT genotypes had adjusted odds ratios for VC of 1.39 and 1.58, respectively (P < 0.05). In summary, these data suggest that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism affects the degree of VC in chronic hemodialysis patients.
Aged ; Calcinosis/*genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/*genetics ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)/*genetics ; Middle Aged ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; *Renal Dialysis ; Risk Factors ; Vascular Diseases/*genetics