Primary meningeal melanocytoma of the central nervous system is extremely rare. We report a case of meningeal melanocytoma associated with Ota's nevus as a recurrent form in a 53-year old male. The meningeal melanocytoma was removed from right parietooccipital lobe 4 years ago and recurred in right parietal, occipital and left frontal lobes. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells were characterized by the presence of numerous melanosomes and premelanosomes in their cytoplasm. Moreover, the tumor was lacking in histologic and ultrastructural features of pigmented meningioma, melanotic schwannoma and prolonged clinical course was different from primary meningeal melanoma or metastatic malignant melanoma.
Neoplasm Metastasis

The umbrella review (UR) is a novel methodological approach that has been established to address the ever-expanding research volume of published systematic reviews. In this study, we examined the rationale underlying URs, the concepts and goals of URs, and their applicability in clinical settings. Additionally, we briefly assessed the process of conducting URs and discussed the current challenges in this regard. URs are used to integrate, evaluate, and synthesize the findings of related systematic reviews. By organizing and summarizing the abundant information in accordance with the level of evidence, URs can serve as a useful methodological tool and provide appropriate entry points to clinicians or decision-makers in the medical field. Considering the availability of many suitable interventions for specific conditions in a broad field, URs can enable evidence-based decision-making and offer a broad perspective for the resolution of issues in healthcare by summarizing the evidence and providing directions on a variety of topics. URs are clearly contributing to the management of the deluge of evidence in evidence-based medicine. However, despite the availability of several directions for conducting URs, some points of confusion persist, especially when determining the certainty of evidence. Therefore, advanced guidelines for the appropriate performance of URs are required to provide more reliable evidence through URs.

No abstract available.
Catheters*

A case of left parietal pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma that occurred in a 58-year-old woman is reported clinicopathologically. Histopathologic diagnosis of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma was made because of the unique pleomorphic histologic features, positive glial fibrillary acidic protein in immunohistochemical staining. The flow cytometric analysis reveals DNA aneuploidy and relatively high S-phase fraction. The pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma is considered as a special subgroup of glioma on the basis of superficial cortical location, GFAP expression, marked cellular atypia, xanthomatous cells, and relatively favorable prognosis.
Female ; Humans

Carcinoid tumors of the appendix are common incidental findings, but appendiceal tumors with histologic features of both carcinoids and adenocarcinomas are rare, and their biologic behavior and histogenesis are still unclear. We report a case of goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix in a 54-year-old male, who exhibited pain in the right lower abdomen. Microscopically, the tumor contained smooth-bordered, widely separated nests composed of tumor cells with abundant mucin. The principal tumor cell type had a close resemblance to the normal goblet cell. Histochemically, the tumor cells revealed positive reaction for PAS and alcian blue stain. Immunohistochemically, the tumor showed strong reactivity for carcinoembryonic antigen, chromogranin and, neuron specific enolase but none for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen.
Adenocarcinoma

Supraglottic airway devices (SADs) are used to keep the upper airway open and provide adequate ventilation and oxygenation. Their use is increasing, and various kinds of SADs have been introduced to routine clinical practice. This review describes the characteristics and illustrates the use of those SADs that have been introduced to and/or are available in Korea. Particular attention is paid to the use of SADs in special clinical settings such as a difficult airway, prehospital care, resuscitation, and intubation. There has been a paradigm shift in the emphasis of difficult airway management from endotracheal intubation to adequate ventilation and oxygenation. SADs have proven to be useful alternatives to tracheal intubation; however, they also have potential disadvantages such as the risk of regurgitation of gastric contents and pulmonary aspiration. Advances in SAD design such as drainage tubes or double cuffs, which lessen the possibility of harmful events and complications, are discussed. The evolution and widespread use of SADs have changed the clinical theory and practice of airway management. Clinicians should be aware of the strengths and limitation of each SAD and understand the limited evidence currently available for guidance.
Airway Management ; Drainage ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Korea ; Laryngeal Masks ; Oxygen ; Resuscitation ; Ventilation

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the available knowledge about the potential association between dyslipidemia and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as reported in previous published systematic reviews. Methods: In this umbrella review (an overview of systematic reviews), we investigated the association between dyslipidemia and COVID-19 severity. A systematic search was performed of 4 main electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases) from inception until August 2020. We evaluated the methodological quality of the included studies using the A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) 2 tool and used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to assess the quality of evidence for the outcome. In addition, we evaluated the strengths and limitations of the evidence and the methodological quality of the available studies. Results: Out of 35 articles identified, 2 systematic reviews were included in the umbrella review. A total of 7,951 COVID-19-positive patients were included. According to the AMSTAR 2 criteria and GRADE system, the quality of the included studies was not high. A history of dyslipidemia is likely to be associated with the severity of COVID-19 infection, but the contrary is the case for cholesterol levels at hospitalization. Conclusions Although existing research on dyslipidemia and COVID-19 is limited, our findings suggest that dyslipidemia may play a role in the severity of COVID-19 infection. More adequately powered studies are needed.