The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training on body fat reduction. A total of 978 high school girls participated in this study (freshmen = 365 ; junior = 300 ; senior = 313). Within each grade, subjects who showed interest in physical exercise were selected and assigned into athletes group (20 for freshmen, 22 for junior, 29 for senior). The athletes group performed aerobic exercise for 100 minutes per day, 5 days a week with 70% of a subject's maximal heart rate. Each subject agreed to participate in this study when she was freshman. Thus, the length of exercise was dependent upon subject grade. That is, senior group was on the exercise program for two and half years, junior group for one and half years, and freshman group for six months. The results are as follows : 1. The mean value of % body fat for athletes group were 21.23 for freshman, 21.57 for junior, and 21.49 for senior. These values were a bit smaller when compared to those for non-athletes groups (26.32, 24.76, 23.65 for freshman, junior and senior, respectively). The comparison of % body fat between athletes and non-athletes group showed that the largest difference was showed in freshman group, followed by junior and senior groups. 2. For the athletes groups there was no significant difference in the mean value of % body fat between 3 grades. However, this was not the case for the non-athletes groups. There was a significant difference (p<001) among the 3 grades for the non-athletes groups, the freshman group being the largest, followed by junior and senior.
Adipose Tissue* ; Athletes ; Exercise ; Female* ; Heart Rate ; Humans

The purpose of this study is to compare the relationship between physical characteristics and % body fat, using the data from senior students at a girl's high school in 1993 (three years ago) and in 1996. The subjects of this study were high school girls in Seoul and were composed of 274 persons in 1993 and 284 in 1996. Their heights, weights and % body fat were measured. The results are as follows : Analyses of t-test revealed that there was a significant difference in height between two groups (p<.001), the mean value of height in 1996 being taller (2.26cm) than that in 1993. However, that of weight between two groups were almost identical. Although the mean value of two groups were similar, examination of the data showed that the maximum value of weight was quite different between the two groups (maximum value in 1993 being 92kg, as compared to 75.5kg in 1996). Also, the comparison of % body fat showed that the mean value in 1996 was larger than that in 1993 (23.66 vs. 22.59, p<.001). In summary, the results of this study suggest that we are not necessarily faced with the state to worry about side-effect by excessive fat accumulation as a result of high school girls' high calory intake. These results may be obtained by several kind of social causes but we must consider the student's stress of S.A.T, increase of class at school, and increasing energy consumption (decrease of S.D).
Adipose Tissue* ; Female ; Humans ; Seoul ; Weights and Measures

We have tried this experiments about measure of Human Body Fat from transverse body scans with Magnetic Resonance Image (0.5, Tesla). Images were created with a spin echo sequence using a repetition time 500msec, echo time 20msec, and 1cm length between 10mm cross sectional slices, and gained through a whole body. In vivo quantification of body fat with MRI was measured by two healthy Females Volunteers, each cut obtained with MRI was analyzed, traced papers on the view finder, and then digitized, at last calculated for the areas of Human Body Fat. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : Through the analyses of the Ratio of Human Body % Fat with MRI and Densitiometry, in Sub.1, Sub.2, MRI is estimated higher than Densitiometry, that is, Keys & Brozek's Method (1960) has the most remarkable score gaps, 6.94% (Sub.1), 6.21%(Sub.2). Chinn & Alleys Method (1960) has showed the score getting closest to MRI, 1.67% (Sub.1), 1.36%(Sub.2). And Siri's (1956) Brozek et al's (1963), which have been used as the most popular methods, make the difference of 4% approximately. As a result of this study, such as preceding studies about it Ratio of Human Body Composition with MRI has considered to be validated and trusted. Therefore, if we estimate for Ratio of Human Body Fat with much more subjects than this experiments we can suggest that the method with MRI is possible to develope low data adaptable in every field.
Adipose Tissue ; Female* ; Human Body* ; Humans* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Methods ; Volunteers

No abstract available.
Cell Line* ; Humans*

No abstract available.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium is exceedingly rare. To be accepted as a primary carcinoma of the endometrium, the tumor must satisfy the criteria estalished by Fluhmann: There must be; 1) no coexisting endometrial adenocarcinoma, 2) no connection between the endometrial tumor and the squamous epithelium of the cervix, and 3) no squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. We recently experienced a case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the endometrium covering the submucosal leiomyoma in a 68-year-old female patient. On gross examination a submucosal leiomyoma covered by an irregular, dirty endometrium was found. On histologic examination the endometrium covering the leiomyoma revealed invasive, well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The uterine cervix showed no evidence of malignancy. In situ PCR using a probe for HPV 16/18 was negative in the carcinoma tissue.
Adenocarcinoma ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cervix Uteri ; Endometrium* ; Epithelium ; Female ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

No abstract available.
Ureaplasma urealyticum* ; Ureaplasma*

No abstract available.
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders*

It is known that the toe-flexors exert some power generation in ankle plantar flexion. However, there has been no paper published in which the power generation was quantified. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to quantify the amount of contribution of the toe-flexors to the ankle plantar-flexion in normal and rapid walking using the kinetic data of three dimensional gait analysis system. In order to restrict the action of the toe-flexors, we designed special braces which can be applied to the forefeet of the examinee during walking. We performed the gait analysis in ten normal adult volunteers with and without braces, and evaluated the moment and power of toe-flexors during terminal stance and pre-swing phase of gait cycle. Gait analysis was done with the VICON 3-dimensional motion analysis system (VICON, Oxford Metrics, Oxford, England) and 2 force plates (AMTI, Advanced Mechanical Technoiogy, Newton, MA, U.S.A,). The kinetic results are as follows: l. Average speeds of normal and rapid walking were 1.12m/sec and 1.41m/sec respectiveIy. 2. In normal walking, peak ankle plantar-tlexion moment decreased 5.5% with braces, and sum of ankle plantar-flexion moment decreased 12.3% with braces. Both of the results were not significant statistically (p>0.05). Peak ankle power generation decreased 11.0% with braces, and sum of ankle power generation decreased 10.4% with braces. These decreases were also insignificant statistically (p>0.05). 3. In rapid walking, peak ankle plantarflexion moment decreased 26.7% with braces. The decrease was horderline significant statistically (p=0.062). The sum of ankle plantar-tlexion moment decreased 26.6% with braces, but the decrease was not significant statistically (p>0.05). Peak ankle power generation decreased 40.2% with braces, and sum of ankle power generation decreased 37.9% with braces. These decreases showed borderline significance statistically (p=0.062). In conclusion, toe-flexors may contribute about 10% of the total ankle plantar-flexion power generation, and the contribution will be increased with increase of walking velocity. We must be very careful to sacrifice the toe-flexors in cases with weak triceps power.
Adult ; Ankle* ; Braces ; Gait ; Humans ; Toes* ; Volunteers ; Walking*

Recent development of maxillofacial surgery has taken an interest in the regeneration of facial bone defects. For the reconstruction of facial bone defects, autogenous bone grafts have been widely used. However, there are some clinical problems : the morbidity of donor sites, resorption of autogenous bone graft and, the availability of the proper form and size. The purpose of this study is to find the effective solutions to above problems. The present study was designed to evaluate the roles and regenerating capacity of fibrin sealant. Fibrin sealant is a newly developed substance for hemostasis, tissue sealing and wound healing. I made the experimental study on the effects and roles of bibrin sealant in sutogenous bone graft procedure to minimize the above complications and problems. Twenty-five adult white rabbits were used as the experimental material. Three trephine defects were made by drilling on the parietal bone of each rabbit. Defect size was 8x8mm. First group consisted of the rabbits which had the artificial defect on the parietal bone as control. The defect in second group was sealed up with autogenous boon chip only. Last group comprised the rabbits autografted by mixing the bone chip with the fibrin sealant. The results were carefully examined grossly and microscopically from the 3rd day to the 28th day postoperatively. The following results were obtained ; 1. The mixture of fibrin sealant and bone chip was useful for regenerating the bone defects. Most of the defects were substituted by new bone. 2. In the case of the graft with bone chip only, most defects were also filled with new bone, but less than fibrin group. 3. In the control group, new bone was formed around the peripheral area only. A mixture of fibrin sealant and autogenous bone chip plays an effective role in forming new bone. find judging from the results of this experiment, it may be expected the much use of the fibrin sealant in maxillofacial orthopedic surgery.
Adult ; Autografts ; Bone Regeneration* ; Facial Bones ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive* ; Fibrin* ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Orthopedics ; Parietal Bone ; Rabbits ; Regeneration ; Surgery, Oral ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants ; Wound Healing