1.Incidence of complicated appendicitis before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparative analysis
Haksoo KIM ; Dongkil JEONG ; Young Soon CHO ; Geum Jong SONG ; Hyung Jun MOON ; Tae Yong SHIN ; Dong Wook LEE ; Hyun Joon KIM ; Hyun Jung LEE ; Sun In HONG
Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine 2025;36(1):12-19
Objective:
It has been 1 year since the start of the worldwide coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study analyzed the indirect effects of COVID-19 on treating patients with non-infectious diseases by comparing the incidence of complicated appendicitis before and after the pandemic.
Methods:
The target group included patients aged at least 16 years diagnosed with acute appendicitis between February 23 and July 31, 2020. Patients diagnosed during the same period in 2019 were selected as the control group. The differences in the incidence of complicated appendicitis before and after COVID-19 were investigated, and the association with various variables was analyzed using the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results:
The study included 120 subjects in 2019 (pre-COVID group) and 119 cases in 2020 (post-COVID group). The pre-COVID group included 25 cases (20.8%) of complicated appendicitis, while the post-COVID group included 48 cases (40.3%). The median time from symptom onset to visit (pre-hospital time) increased from 15 to 22 hours, and the median time from the visit to surgery (in-hospital time) increased from 7 to 11 hours. Multivariate regression analysis of the three variables revealed odds ratios (95% CIs) of pre-hospital time, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and inclusion in the post-COVID group of 1.02 (1.01-1.02), 2.07 (1.11-3.86), and 2.15 (1.12-4.11), respectively.
Conclusion
The incidence of complicated appendicitis increased after the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, a healthcare system that can minimize the delay in treating non-infectious emergency patients is needed.
2.Primary Cholangiocarcinoma of the Liver Presenting as a Complicated Hepatic Cyst: A Diagnostic Challenge
Chang Won HA ; Sang Deok SHIN ; Myung Ji GOH ; Byeong Geun SONG ; Wonseok KANG ; Dong Hyun SINN ; Geum-Youn GWAK ; Yong-Han PAIK ; Moon Seok CHOI ; Joon Hyeok LEE
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2025;85(1):83-88
Primary cholangiocarcinoma is a rare bile duct epithelial neoplasm that can present with atypical clinical manifestations, complicating its diagnosis. A 62-year-old male showed symptoms suggestive of a complicated hepatic cyst that was later identified as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The patient presented with abdominal discomfort without fever. Imaging revealed a large cystic lesion in the liver. Despite the initial treatment for a presumed abscess, a biopsy confirmed cholangiocarcinoma. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of distinguishing between benign complicated hepatic cysts and malignancies, particularly when typical markers of infection are absent. Early biopsy and vigilant assessments are crucial in such presentations to avoid a delayed diagnosis and initiate appropriate treatment.
3.Miliary Tuberculosis Initially Presenting as an Isolated Hepatic Abscess
Chang Won HA ; Sang Deok SHIN ; Myung Ji GOH ; Byeong Geun SONG ; Wonseok KANG ; Dong Hyun SINN ; Geum-Youn GWAK ; Yong-Han PAIK ; Moon Seok CHOI ; Joon Hyeok LEE
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2025;85(1):78-82
Hepatic tuberculosis, typically associated with miliary tuberculosis, can occasionally present as localized liver lesions. This case report describes a 77-year-old male presenting with persistent abdominal pain and fever, following an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for bile duct sludge removal. Subsequent computed tomography revealed focal liver lesions. Despite initial treatment with antibiotics for a suspected inflammatory liver abscess, his condition did not improve. A liver biopsy was performed, revealing caseous granulomas, and the tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction result was positive. The patient was diagnosed with primary hepatic tuberculosis, which later disseminated. Oral anti-tuberculosis therapy was initiated and is currently being closely monitored. This case emphasizes the importance of considering hepatic tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of liver lesions, particularly in cases involving cholestatic liver function tests, and persistent symptoms unresponsive to conventional antibiotics.
4.Primary Cholangiocarcinoma of the Liver Presenting as a Complicated Hepatic Cyst: A Diagnostic Challenge
Chang Won HA ; Sang Deok SHIN ; Myung Ji GOH ; Byeong Geun SONG ; Wonseok KANG ; Dong Hyun SINN ; Geum-Youn GWAK ; Yong-Han PAIK ; Moon Seok CHOI ; Joon Hyeok LEE
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2025;85(1):83-88
Primary cholangiocarcinoma is a rare bile duct epithelial neoplasm that can present with atypical clinical manifestations, complicating its diagnosis. A 62-year-old male showed symptoms suggestive of a complicated hepatic cyst that was later identified as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The patient presented with abdominal discomfort without fever. Imaging revealed a large cystic lesion in the liver. Despite the initial treatment for a presumed abscess, a biopsy confirmed cholangiocarcinoma. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of distinguishing between benign complicated hepatic cysts and malignancies, particularly when typical markers of infection are absent. Early biopsy and vigilant assessments are crucial in such presentations to avoid a delayed diagnosis and initiate appropriate treatment.
5.Miliary Tuberculosis Initially Presenting as an Isolated Hepatic Abscess
Chang Won HA ; Sang Deok SHIN ; Myung Ji GOH ; Byeong Geun SONG ; Wonseok KANG ; Dong Hyun SINN ; Geum-Youn GWAK ; Yong-Han PAIK ; Moon Seok CHOI ; Joon Hyeok LEE
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2025;85(1):78-82
Hepatic tuberculosis, typically associated with miliary tuberculosis, can occasionally present as localized liver lesions. This case report describes a 77-year-old male presenting with persistent abdominal pain and fever, following an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for bile duct sludge removal. Subsequent computed tomography revealed focal liver lesions. Despite initial treatment with antibiotics for a suspected inflammatory liver abscess, his condition did not improve. A liver biopsy was performed, revealing caseous granulomas, and the tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction result was positive. The patient was diagnosed with primary hepatic tuberculosis, which later disseminated. Oral anti-tuberculosis therapy was initiated and is currently being closely monitored. This case emphasizes the importance of considering hepatic tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of liver lesions, particularly in cases involving cholestatic liver function tests, and persistent symptoms unresponsive to conventional antibiotics.
6.Primary Cholangiocarcinoma of the Liver Presenting as a Complicated Hepatic Cyst: A Diagnostic Challenge
Chang Won HA ; Sang Deok SHIN ; Myung Ji GOH ; Byeong Geun SONG ; Wonseok KANG ; Dong Hyun SINN ; Geum-Youn GWAK ; Yong-Han PAIK ; Moon Seok CHOI ; Joon Hyeok LEE
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2025;85(1):83-88
Primary cholangiocarcinoma is a rare bile duct epithelial neoplasm that can present with atypical clinical manifestations, complicating its diagnosis. A 62-year-old male showed symptoms suggestive of a complicated hepatic cyst that was later identified as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The patient presented with abdominal discomfort without fever. Imaging revealed a large cystic lesion in the liver. Despite the initial treatment for a presumed abscess, a biopsy confirmed cholangiocarcinoma. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of distinguishing between benign complicated hepatic cysts and malignancies, particularly when typical markers of infection are absent. Early biopsy and vigilant assessments are crucial in such presentations to avoid a delayed diagnosis and initiate appropriate treatment.
7.Miliary Tuberculosis Initially Presenting as an Isolated Hepatic Abscess
Chang Won HA ; Sang Deok SHIN ; Myung Ji GOH ; Byeong Geun SONG ; Wonseok KANG ; Dong Hyun SINN ; Geum-Youn GWAK ; Yong-Han PAIK ; Moon Seok CHOI ; Joon Hyeok LEE
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2025;85(1):78-82
Hepatic tuberculosis, typically associated with miliary tuberculosis, can occasionally present as localized liver lesions. This case report describes a 77-year-old male presenting with persistent abdominal pain and fever, following an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for bile duct sludge removal. Subsequent computed tomography revealed focal liver lesions. Despite initial treatment with antibiotics for a suspected inflammatory liver abscess, his condition did not improve. A liver biopsy was performed, revealing caseous granulomas, and the tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction result was positive. The patient was diagnosed with primary hepatic tuberculosis, which later disseminated. Oral anti-tuberculosis therapy was initiated and is currently being closely monitored. This case emphasizes the importance of considering hepatic tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of liver lesions, particularly in cases involving cholestatic liver function tests, and persistent symptoms unresponsive to conventional antibiotics.
8.Primary Cholangiocarcinoma of the Liver Presenting as a Complicated Hepatic Cyst: A Diagnostic Challenge
Chang Won HA ; Sang Deok SHIN ; Myung Ji GOH ; Byeong Geun SONG ; Wonseok KANG ; Dong Hyun SINN ; Geum-Youn GWAK ; Yong-Han PAIK ; Moon Seok CHOI ; Joon Hyeok LEE
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2025;85(1):83-88
Primary cholangiocarcinoma is a rare bile duct epithelial neoplasm that can present with atypical clinical manifestations, complicating its diagnosis. A 62-year-old male showed symptoms suggestive of a complicated hepatic cyst that was later identified as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The patient presented with abdominal discomfort without fever. Imaging revealed a large cystic lesion in the liver. Despite the initial treatment for a presumed abscess, a biopsy confirmed cholangiocarcinoma. This case highlights the diagnostic challenge of distinguishing between benign complicated hepatic cysts and malignancies, particularly when typical markers of infection are absent. Early biopsy and vigilant assessments are crucial in such presentations to avoid a delayed diagnosis and initiate appropriate treatment.
9.Miliary Tuberculosis Initially Presenting as an Isolated Hepatic Abscess
Chang Won HA ; Sang Deok SHIN ; Myung Ji GOH ; Byeong Geun SONG ; Wonseok KANG ; Dong Hyun SINN ; Geum-Youn GWAK ; Yong-Han PAIK ; Moon Seok CHOI ; Joon Hyeok LEE
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2025;85(1):78-82
Hepatic tuberculosis, typically associated with miliary tuberculosis, can occasionally present as localized liver lesions. This case report describes a 77-year-old male presenting with persistent abdominal pain and fever, following an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for bile duct sludge removal. Subsequent computed tomography revealed focal liver lesions. Despite initial treatment with antibiotics for a suspected inflammatory liver abscess, his condition did not improve. A liver biopsy was performed, revealing caseous granulomas, and the tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction result was positive. The patient was diagnosed with primary hepatic tuberculosis, which later disseminated. Oral anti-tuberculosis therapy was initiated and is currently being closely monitored. This case emphasizes the importance of considering hepatic tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of liver lesions, particularly in cases involving cholestatic liver function tests, and persistent symptoms unresponsive to conventional antibiotics.
10.Incidence of complicated appendicitis before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a comparative analysis
Haksoo KIM ; Dongkil JEONG ; Young Soon CHO ; Geum Jong SONG ; Hyung Jun MOON ; Tae Yong SHIN ; Dong Wook LEE ; Hyun Joon KIM ; Hyun Jung LEE ; Sun In HONG
Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine 2025;36(1):12-19
Objective:
It has been 1 year since the start of the worldwide coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study analyzed the indirect effects of COVID-19 on treating patients with non-infectious diseases by comparing the incidence of complicated appendicitis before and after the pandemic.
Methods:
The target group included patients aged at least 16 years diagnosed with acute appendicitis between February 23 and July 31, 2020. Patients diagnosed during the same period in 2019 were selected as the control group. The differences in the incidence of complicated appendicitis before and after COVID-19 were investigated, and the association with various variables was analyzed using the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results:
The study included 120 subjects in 2019 (pre-COVID group) and 119 cases in 2020 (post-COVID group). The pre-COVID group included 25 cases (20.8%) of complicated appendicitis, while the post-COVID group included 48 cases (40.3%). The median time from symptom onset to visit (pre-hospital time) increased from 15 to 22 hours, and the median time from the visit to surgery (in-hospital time) increased from 7 to 11 hours. Multivariate regression analysis of the three variables revealed odds ratios (95% CIs) of pre-hospital time, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and inclusion in the post-COVID group of 1.02 (1.01-1.02), 2.07 (1.11-3.86), and 2.15 (1.12-4.11), respectively.
Conclusion
The incidence of complicated appendicitis increased after the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, a healthcare system that can minimize the delay in treating non-infectious emergency patients is needed.

Result Analysis
Print
Save
E-mail