Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the influences of critical thinking disposition and perceived nurse managers' leadership style on nurses' competency with evidence based practice in hospitals. Methods: The participants were 147 nurses working in two university hospitals in Seoul, Korea. Data were collected during February and March in 2017 and were analyzed with Multiple Regression Analysis using SPSS/WIN 18.0. Results: The most influential factor on nurses' competency of evidence based practice was critical thinking disposition (β=.55, p<.001), followed by transformation (β=.20, p=.011) which together explained their competency of evidence based practice up to 53.0%. Conclusion It is necessary to develop intervention programs and curriculum to enhance competence for nurses. It is also necessary to draw plans to develop nursing managers’ transformational leadership. Therefore not only clinical nurses but also throughout the organization, strategies and curriculums should be developed to help nurses perform evidence based practice.

BACKGROUND: There is controversy over whether aerobic or resistance exercise is more effective for improving endothelial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was aimed to investigate the effects of an aerobic and resistance training program on endothelial function, and the influences of glycemic control, body weight changes, and aerobic capacity in T2DM. METHODS: Total 40 overweight women with T2DM were assigned into 3 groups: an aerobic exercise group (AEG, n=13), resistance exercise group (REG, n=12), and control group (CG, n=15), and followed either brisk walking for the AEG or resistance band training for the REG, 60 minutes per day, 5 days per week for 12 weeks with monitoring daily activity using accelerometers. We assessed endothelial function by flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and aerobic capacity by oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (AT_VO2) at baseline and following training program. RESULTS: The mean participants' age was 57.0+/-6.8 years, and body mass index (BMI) was 27.0+/-2.3 kg/m2. After intervention, FMD increased by 2.2+/-1.9% in AEG, which differed from REG and CG (P=0.002), despite of decreased body weight (BW) in both AG and RG (2.8+/-2.5%, P=0.002; 1.6+/-2.0%, P=0.017, respectively). A significant increased AT_VO2 and decreased HbA1c were found only in AEG. In all participants, FMD was changed with the significant relations to the AT_VO2 (r=0.348, P=0.035), but not to HbA1c levels or BW. CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise appears to be more beneficial than resistance exercise for improving endothelial function in T2DM. In addition, aerobic capacity could be a better predictor of changes in FMD than BW and glycemic control.
Anaerobic Threshold ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; Body Weight Changes ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Overweight ; Oxygen ; Resistance Training ; Walking

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The acceptable noise level (ANL) test measures the maximum noise level that a subject can tolerate while following speech. Given the limited investigation of ANL across different languages, this study aimed to compare ANLs using both Korean semantic speech and non-semantic speech signals (reversed Korean speech and international speech test signal, ISTS) in normal-hearing subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Twenty-five subjects with normal hearing (9 males, 16 females, with the mean age of 28.5±3.15 years) were included in the study. ANLs were obtained using three speech materials (Korean speech, reversed Korean speech, and ISTS) as the target speech material and an eight-talker babble noise as the competing background noise. RESULTS: Generally, the inter-subject variability was large. The ANLs did not differ statistically regardless of the type of speech signal. CONCLUSION: The ANLs seemed to be unaffected by the meaningfulness or semantic contents of the target speech, at least in normal-hearing adults. Thus, non-meaningful speech signals or non-semantic material can be considered as the target signal for the implementation of ANL test.
Adult ; Female ; Hearing* ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Noise* ; Semantics

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Even patients with compensated peripheral vestibular dysfunction may report a sense of disequilibrium during daily activities, which often fail conventional vestibular function tests as attentional demand required for postural control may increase in these patients. The study aims to assess the feasibility of dual task test using concurrent cognitive tasks in a modified clinical test of sensory interaction on balance (mCTSIB) to measure increased attentional demand for posture control. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Nineteen patients suspected with chronic dizziness were recruited by history reviews and physical examinations. Data for center of pressure (COP) variability and mean velocity during mCTSIB on a force long plate were analyzed, and time taken to react to the auditory stimuli were used to measure the attentional demand required for adequate postural control during platform perturbation. RESULTS: The mean COP range and velocity during mCTSIB were comparable between single and dual task conditions in patients with dizziness. Reaction time (RT) to auditory stimulus of 1 kHz pure tone in patients with chronic dizziness was also comparable to normal subjects. Interestingly, there was a tendency for increased RT in patients with documented caloric weakness, suggesting that attentional demand is increased in these patients. CONCLUSION: RT of dual task tests using auditory stimuli during mCTSIB may provide additional information about increased attentional demand for postural control in patients with vestibular dysfunction.
Dizziness* ; Humans ; Methods ; Physical Examination ; Posture ; Reaction Time ; Task Performance and Analysis ; Vestibular Diseases ; Vestibular Function Tests

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reproductive outcome after myomectomy in infertile patients with uterine myoma. METHODS: During the period from January 1993 to December 2002, 55 infertile women with uterine myoma underwent abdominal myomectomy at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. RESULTS: Pregnancy occurred in 32 women and pregnancy rate was 58.2%. Parity, the number, type, and location of myoma, the opening of endometrial cavity during operation and the presence of endometriosis were not significantly different between the pregnant and nonpregnant group. But the mean age and duration of infertility were significantly low in pregnant group. The 24-month cumulative probability of conception was 84.4% and the spontaneous abortion rate after myomectomy was 28.1%. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest a benefit of myomectomy in infertile patients. Factors affecting the pregnancy rate after surgery in these patients are the age of the patient and the duration of infertility. Therefore, it is important that we should explain these factors to patients carefully before surgery.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Fertilization ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Infertility ; Leiomyoma* ; Myoma ; Obstetrics ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a rare, life-threatening complication of upper urinary tract infections that is characterized by the presence of gas in the renal parenchyma and perirenal space. It commonly occurs in diabetic patients. Escherichia coli are the most common causative organisms, with few reports implicating Citrobacter freundii as the etiologic agent in EPN. A 57-year-old woman with diabetes and neurogenic bladder visited at our department with confused mentality, myalgia, and general weakness. Further investigation revealed that the patient suffered from unilateral EPN with sepsis caused by C. freundii. The patient's condition was improved considerably with percutaneous drainage and use of intravenous antibiotics for several weeks. However, renal function eventually deteriorated to permanent renal failure, which required hemodialysis. In conclusion, C. freundii may be the causative pathogen of EPN in a patient with type 2 diabetes and neurogenic bladder.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Citrobacter ; Citrobacter freundii ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Drainage ; Escherichia coli ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pyelonephritis ; Renal Dialysis ; Renal Insufficiency ; Sepsis ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Urinary Tract Infections

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is the Staphylococcal infections in blood, one of the most common and fatal bacterial infectious diseases worldwide in adults as well as children or neonates. Recently, some studies have yielded inconsistent findings about the association between methicillin-resistance and mortality in patients with SAB. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the impact of methicillin-resistance on mortality in children or neonates with S. aureus bacteremia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched using electronic databases such as Ovid-Medline, EMBASE-Medline, and Cochrane Library, as well as five local databases for published studies during the period of 1 January 2000 to 15 September 2011. Two reviewers independently selected articles in accordance with predetermined criteria and extracted prespecified data based on standardized forms. All cohort studies, which compared in-hospital mortality or SAB-related mortality in children and neonates with methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infection to those with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), were included. We conducted meta-analysis using the fixed-effect model to obtain pooled estimates of effect. RESULTS: Of 2,841 screened studies, seven cohort studies were finally selected for analysis. In children or neonates, MRSA bacteremia was associated with a higher mortality compared with MSSA bacteremia (pooled odds ratio [OR] 2.33, P = 0.0008, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.42 to 3.82, I2 = 0%). Four studies reported SAB-related mortality, the pooled OR of these studies was 2.03 (P = 0.29, 95% CI 0.55 to 7.53, I2 = 0%). A significant increase in mortality associated with methicillin resistance was found in the subgroup analyses of the studies with only neonates (OR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.46 to 4.85, P = 0.001), prospectively design ones (OR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.66 to 6.15, P = 0.0005,), the larger studies (OR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.62 to 5.16, P = 0.0003) and the higher quality studies (OR: 2.76, 95% CI: 1.50 to 5.06, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: MRSA bacteremia is associated with increased mortality compared with MSSA bacteremia in children or neonates. Due to limited studies for mortality in children or neonates with SAB, further research is needed to evaluate the impact of methicillin resistance on mortality in those populations.
Adult ; Bacteremia ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Communicable Diseases ; Electronics ; Electrons ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Methicillin Resistance ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Odds Ratio ; Staphylococcal Infections ; Staphylococcus ; Staphylococcus aureus

Background: Basiliximab is used as an alternative to tacrolimus in patients with decreased renal function. However, studies on basiliximab as a maintenance immunosuppressant, particularly in patients with lung transplantation, are limited. Therefore, here, we investigated the efficacy and safety of basiliximab in patients with lung transplantation. Methods: Adult patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) who received lung transplantation at a single general hospital between July 1, 2014 and June 30, 2018, were selected and classified in tacrolimus and basiliximab groups. Both groups received a triple-drug regimen (tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids). However, tacrolimus was discontinued in the basiliximab group when AKI occurred, and two or more repeat basiliximab doses were administered within 3 months after transplantation. The electronic medical records were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Of the 85 patients who met the selection criteria, 61 and 24 were assigned to the tacrolimus and basiliximab groups, respectively. Significant improvement in renal function was observed in the basiliximab group (p <0.001).However, there were no differences in acute and chronic rejection rates in both the groups. No difference was observed in the incidence rate of complications between the groups, except for chronic kidney disease, which showed higher incidence in the basiliximab group (25.0% vs. 4.9%; p =0.013). Conclusions We suggest the use of basiliximab as an immunosuppressant alternative to tacrolimus in patients with acute renal failure after lung transplantation. Basiliximab demonstrated effectiveness as an immunosuppressant and improved renal function. Therefore, basiliximab can be used in patients with decreased renal function.

Background: Basiliximab is used as an alternative to tacrolimus in patients with decreased renal function. However, studies on basiliximab as a maintenance immunosuppressant, particularly in patients with lung transplantation, are limited. Therefore, here, we investigated the efficacy and safety of basiliximab in patients with lung transplantation. Methods: Adult patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) who received lung transplantation at a single general hospital between July 1, 2014 and June 30, 2018, were selected and classified in tacrolimus and basiliximab groups. Both groups received a triple-drug regimen (tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids). However, tacrolimus was discontinued in the basiliximab group when AKI occurred, and two or more repeat basiliximab doses were administered within 3 months after transplantation. The electronic medical records were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Of the 85 patients who met the selection criteria, 61 and 24 were assigned to the tacrolimus and basiliximab groups, respectively. Significant improvement in renal function was observed in the basiliximab group (p <0.001).However, there were no differences in acute and chronic rejection rates in both the groups. No difference was observed in the incidence rate of complications between the groups, except for chronic kidney disease, which showed higher incidence in the basiliximab group (25.0% vs. 4.9%; p =0.013). Conclusions We suggest the use of basiliximab as an immunosuppressant alternative to tacrolimus in patients with acute renal failure after lung transplantation. Basiliximab demonstrated effectiveness as an immunosuppressant and improved renal function. Therefore, basiliximab can be used in patients with decreased renal function.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a discharge nursing service model (DNSM), including one that accounts for the role of discharge nurses and the discharge nursing process for heart failure patients (HFP) with a high readmission rate, and to verify its clinical feasibility. Methods: As a methodological study, DNSM was established through a literature review and benchmarking, and the clinical feasibility of the expert group was confirmed through the Delphi technique. Results: Through a literature review and the benchmarking, the DNSM for HFP was formulated. The nine core competencies are professional nursing practice, education, counseling, advice, ethical decision-making, research, collaboration, evidence-based practice, and leadership. In addition, fifteen criteria and 42 indicators were added as detailed items. The discharge process comprised five stages and 25 processes identified by analyzing and integrating the content of discharge nursing intervention required for HFP by period-from hospitalization to 30 days after discharge.Content validity was verified by the twofold application of the Delphi technique, and the average CVI was over 0.92. Conclusion In terms of quality management, developing an efficient system or service is necessary to prevent readmission, and developed DNSM should be continuously revisioned and reinforced through follow-up studies.