No abstract available.
Arteriovenous Malformations* ; Gerstmann Syndrome* ; Hemorrhage* ; Rabeprazole*

BACKGROUND: It remains unclear whether the four signs of Gerstmann syndrome are a cluster because the neuronal nets responsible for these symptoms are closer together, or because they shares a common networks. If the latter is correct, then with degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, each sign associated with Gerstmann syndrome should correlate with the other three signs more closely than they correlate with other cognitive dysfunctions. METHODS: Cluster and correlation analyses for various cognitive deficits including signs of Gerstmann syndrome were done among sixty-nine patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS: The four signs of Gerstmann syndrome did not cluster together. With the exception of calculation and writing, other signs including right-left orientation and finger naming placed in other groups and did not significantly correlate each other. CONCLUSIONS: A detailed statistical analysis of the tetrad showed that Gerstmann syndrome was not attributable to a common neuronal network, and the phenomenological association of the four signs may be related to the anatomical proximity of the different networks mediating these functions.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Fingers ; Gerstmann Syndrome* ; Humans ; Negotiating ; Neurons ; Writing

This article provides clinical practice guidelines for neurologists in the assessment of neurobehavioral and neurocognitive deficits. It has been known that cognitive functions lie mainly in the cortex and that different cortical areas mediate different cognitive functions. Therefore, the evaluation of cognitive and neurobehavioral symptoms helps localize these symptoms. This article describes the bedside history taking and clinical examinations for patients with neurobehavioral and cognitive dysfunctions. It includes the assessment of aphasia, apraxia, Gerstmann syndrome, visuospatial dysfunctions, neglect syndrome, memory disturbances, and frontal lobe dysfunctions. This guideline will offer better approaches to patients with cognitive deficits and neurobehavioral problems.
Aphasia ; Apraxias ; Frontal Lobe ; Gerstmann Syndrome ; Humans ; Memory

Gerstmann syndrome that was caused by a traumatic origin was very rare. We have reported a case of typical Gerstmann syndrome which was caused by a localized head injury. The case showed finger agnosia, right-left disorientation, acalculia and dysgraphia. And also the case revealed amnesic dysphasia and autotopagnosia. The lesion was an egg-shell typed depressed fracture(4 cm in diameter) of the left inferior parietal bone associated with the intracerebral hematoma in the lower parietal lobe which seemed to be the transitional area of the angular gyrus and the second occipital convolution.
Agnosia ; Agraphia ; Aphasia ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Dyscalculia ; Gerstmann Syndrome* ; Hematoma ; Parietal Bone ; Parietal Lobe

Genetic prion diseases account for about 10-15% of all cases of human prion disease and are caused by mutations in the prion protein gene. Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) disease is a rare genetic prion disease, which is characterized by slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia and the occurrence of cognitive decline in the later stage. P102L is the most common mutation in GSS. We report a patient with a P102L mutation that initially manifested as rapidly progressive dementia without cerebellar symptoms.
Cerebellar Ataxia ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome ; Dementia ; Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Disease ; Humans ; Prion Diseases ; Prions

Gerstmann's syndrome, assigned to a lesion of the dominant parietal lobe, is a neurological disorder characterized by acalculia, agraphia, right-left disorientation and finger agnosia. Some studies report that these symptoms are also shown in other brain lesions. We report two patients who presented with this tetrad of symptoms in initial assessment. Their Brain MRI images both showed lesion of left frontal lobe. Over time, these symptoms became better but some still remained in last assessment. Accordingly, we suggest that a left frontal lesion cause Gerstmann's syndrome.
Agnosia ; Agraphia ; Brain ; Dyscalculia ; Frontal Lobe* ; Gerstmann Syndrome* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nervous System Diseases ; Parietal Lobe

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative condition, mostly affecting the medial temporal lobe and associated neocortical structures. In this report, we present a rare clinical manifestation of this disease. CASE REPORT: A 61-year-old female with word finding difficulty and memory disturbances was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Two years later, she complained of right homonymous hemianopia without optic ataxia, ocular apraxia, and simultagnosia. No findings other than parenchymal disease were apparent in magnetic resonance imaging and laboratory tests. CONCLUSIONS: In this case, in a patient initially diagnosed with Alzheimer's dementia with progressive disease, we found only homonymous hemianopia, without signs of Balint's syndrome or Gerstmann's syndrome. After careful investigation showing that Alzheimer's dementia with visual symptom was not associated with parenchymal disease, we concluded a case of atypical variant of Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer Disease ; Apraxias ; Ataxia ; Dementia* ; Female ; Gerstmann Syndrome ; Hemianopsia* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory ; Middle Aged ; Temporal Lobe

Giant serpentine aneurysms are uncommon types of aneurysmal disease and have angiographically authentic features. We report a case of a 44-year-old male with headache and seizure. He presented a giant serpentine aneurysm arising from the middle cerebral artery (MCA). It was a large intracranial aneurysm thrombosed as a mass-like lesion while it maintained its outflow drainage into the distal MCA branches. The balloon occlusion test (BOT) was performed to test the tolerance of temporary collateral circulation. Following routine cerebral angiography, we performed an endovascular embolization on the proximal artery of MCA. He was discharged from the hospital with alert mental status and mild Gerstmann syndrome. The short-term follow-up imaging studies showed the decreased mass effect, and the patient presented an improved Gerstmann syndrome. After a careful evaluation of BOT, an endovascular embolization can be one of the powerful therapeutic instruments for giant serpentine aneurysm.
Adult ; Aneurysm* ; Arteries ; Balloon Occlusion ; Cerebral Angiography ; Collateral Circulation ; Drainage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gerstmann Syndrome ; Headache ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Male ; Middle Cerebral Artery* ; Seizures

A subgroup of patients with progressive degenerative dementia that begins with higher visual dysfunction has been referred to as posterior cortical atrophy (PCA). A 55-year-old woman presented with progressive visual disturbance for 4 years, which was followed by geographical disorientation, impairment of writing and calculation, and memory distur-bance. Neuropsychological deficits were characterized by Balint syndrome, visuospatial dysfunction, prosopagnosia, Gerstmann syndrome and apraxia. Brain MRI showed mild diffuse atrophy. F18-FDG-PET disclosed bilateral occipi-totemporoparietal hypometabolism, more pronounced on the right. Biopsy from right temporal lobe revealed neu-ropathological findings consistent with Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Apraxias ; Atrophy* ; Biopsy ; Brain ; Dementia ; Female ; Gerstmann Syndrome ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory ; Middle Aged ; Prosopagnosia ; Temporal Lobe ; Writing

A subgroup of patients with progressive degenerative dementia that begins with higher visual dysfunction has been referred to as posterior cortical atrophy (PCA). A 55-year-old woman presented with progressive visual disturbance for 4 years, which was followed by geographical disorientation, impairment of writing and calculation, and memory distur-bance. Neuropsychological deficits were characterized by Balint syndrome, visuospatial dysfunction, prosopagnosia, Gerstmann syndrome and apraxia. Brain MRI showed mild diffuse atrophy. F18-FDG-PET disclosed bilateral occipi-totemporoparietal hypometabolism, more pronounced on the right. Biopsy from right temporal lobe revealed neu-ropathological findings consistent with Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Apraxias ; Atrophy* ; Biopsy ; Brain ; Dementia ; Female ; Gerstmann Syndrome ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Memory ; Middle Aged ; Prosopagnosia ; Temporal Lobe ; Writing