No abstract available.
Animals ; Erythrocytes* ; Germinal Center* ; Mice* ; Sheep* ; Spleen*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Germinal Center* ; Lymph Nodes* ; Mice*

OBJECTIVETo improve the understanding of progressive transformation of lymph node germinal centers (PTGC) and to explore its clinical, histopathologic and immunohistochemical features and the differential diagnosis between the related disease of germinal center hyperplasia.

METHODSThe clinical manifestation, laboratory bindings, treatment and outcome of a patient with PTGC were presented.

RESULTSThe main manifestation of the patient was painless peripheral lymphadenopathy. Histopathologic examination of an axillary lymph node showed reactive follicular hyperplasia and the progressive transformation changes germinal centers. The borderline between the germinal center and the mantle layer was obscured. The cells in the progressive transforming germinal centers were positive for CD20(+), CD5(+), CDw75(+).

CONCLUSIONPTGC is a rare lymphoid disorder. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are important basis of the diagnosis.

Production of high affinity antibodies for antigens is a critical component for the immune system to fight off infectious pathogens. However, it could be detrimental to our body when the antigens that B cells recognize are of self-origin. Follicular helper T, or Tfh, cells are required for the generation of germinal center reactions, where high affinity antibody-producing B cells and memory B cells predominantly develop. As such, Tfh cells are considered as targets to prevent B cells from producing high affinity antibodies against self-antigens, when high affinity autoantibodies are responsible for immunopathologies in autoimmune disorders. This review article provides an overview of current understanding of Tfh cells and discusses it in the context of animal models of autoimmune diseases and allograft rejections for generation of novel therapeutic interventions.
Allografts* ; Antibodies ; Autoantibodies ; Autoantigens ; Autoimmune Diseases* ; Autoimmunity ; B-Lymphocytes ; Germinal Center ; Immune System ; Memory ; Models, Animal

Kimura's disease is a rare benign disease characterized by subcutaneous or dermal tumors occurring predominantly on the head and the neck. It usually occurs in young adults without constitutional symptoms, except for peripheral blood eosinophilia. The histopathologic features of the tumor are characterized by dense lymphoid aggregates containing a prominent germinal center and by the proliferation of endothelial cells associated with varying degrees of lymphocytic, histiocytic, and eosinophilic infiltration. We report a case of Kimura's disease without peripheral blood eosinophilia in a 24-year-old male who had had a painless and slowly growing tumor-like swelling on his right groin for one year. The mass was excised, and the specimen was confirmed as Kimura's disease. After surgical excision, the lesion recurred, so 30 mg of oral prednisone was given daily for one month and then decreased gradually for another one month. Now, the lesion is completely healed.
Endothelial Cells ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils ; Germinal Center ; Groin* ; Head ; Humans ; Male ; Neck ; Prednisone ; Young Adult

Progressive transformation of germinal centers (PTGC) is an atypical feature seen in lymph nodes with unknown pathogenesis. PTGC most commonly presents in adolescent and young adult males as solitary painless lymphadenopathy with various durations. Cervical nodes are the most commonly involved ones while involvements of axillary and inguinal nodes are less frequent. PTGC develops extremely rarely in other locations. We report a rare case of solitary mass present in the presacral space. The mass as subsequently proven to be PTGC. To the best of our knowledge, PTGC in the presacral space has not been previously reported in the literature.
Adolescent ; Germinal Center* ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Young Adult

Lymphoid polyp is a rare disease in the colorectal area. It occurs commonly in the rectum. It is a nonepithelial benign tumor. Because of the benignancy of its nature, it has other names as well, such as benign lymphoma or rectal tonsil. A lymphoid polyp can be differentiated from a malignant lymphoma by the proliferation of normal lymphoid tissue which has a prominent follicular pattern and a clearly defined germinal center. A lymphoid polyp can regress spontaneousely without any treatment. There is no recurrence or malignant transformation. Recently, the authors experienced a case of lymphoid polyp in the rectum. We report a case of lymphoid polyp in the rectum diagnosed by piecemeal polypectomy.
Germinal Center ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma ; Palatine Tonsil ; Polyps* ; Rare Diseases ; Rectum* ; Recurrence

Lymphoid polyp is a rare disease in the colorectal area. It occurs commonly in the rectum. It is a nonepithelial benign tumor. Because of the benignancy of its nature, it has other names as well, such as benign lymphoma or rectal tonsil. A lymphoid polyp can be differentiated from a malignant lymphoma by the proliferation of normal lymphoid tissue which has a prominent follicular pattern and a clearly defined germinal center. A lymphoid polyp can regress spontaneousely without any treatment. There is no recurrence or malignant transformation. Recently, the authors experienced a case of lymphoid polyp in the rectum. We report a case of lymphoid polyp in the rectum diagnosed by piecemeal polypectomy.
Germinal Center ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma ; Palatine Tonsil ; Polyps* ; Rare Diseases ; Rectum* ; Recurrence

OBJECTIVETo investigate the Bcl-2 protein and gene expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and analyze its correlation with immunosubtype and prognosis.

METHODSSeventy-three cases of DLBCL were performed immunohistochemistry analysis with a panel of antibodies CD3, CD10, CD20, Bcl-6, Bcl-2 and MUM-1, and classified into germinal center B-cell (GCB) type and non-GCB type. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was employed to detect bcl-2 gene expression in 57 cases with chromosome translocation t (14;18).

RESULTSThe percentages of tumor cells expressed CD10, Bcl-6, MUM-1 and Bcl-2 were 15.1%, 38.4%, 71.2% and 79.2%, respectively. 16 cases (21.9%) were GCB type and the rest (78.1%) were non-GCB type. 16 of 57 cases (28.1%) were t (14; 18), including 5 of GCB type (31.2%) and 11 of non-GCB type (68.2%). The expression of Bcl-2 protein was correlated with immunological subtype (P = 0.035), but not with survival time (P = 0.253). Between the t(14;18) positive and negtive groupes, there was significant difference for survival time (P = 0.022), but no difference for immunological subtype (P = 0.340). There was no correlation between Bcl-2 protein and t(14;18).

CONCLUSIONSGCB type DBLBCL with expression of Bcl-2 protein had a poor prognosis. t(14; 18) positive BLBCL had poor prognosis. The expression of Bcl-2 protein and t(14; 18) are usually discordant.

We studied retrospectively on clinical assessment of treatment in myasthenic patients who visited on our department regularly since 1985. They were divided as a group based on therapeutic modalities such as a thymectomy, steroid therapy. Combined therapy(steroid and thymectomy), plasma exchange. And whole body irradiation. We evluated clinical effectiveness of these therapeutic modalities and come up with following conclusions. Alltherapeutic modalities showed effectiveness. In steroid therapy, thymectomy and the combined therapy. W needed at least 6-24 months for clinical improvement. In thymectomy, rognosis was depend on the number of germinal centers. In whole body irradiation. Effectiveness was shown at 5h week and continued to 6th to 12th months. We also noted that symptomatic improvement was correlated with decreased lymphocyte counts. The effect of plasma exchange was rapid but only short duration.
Germinal Center ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Plasma Exchange ; Retrospective Studies ; Thymectomy ; Whole-Body Irradiation