Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is a common procedure performed in patients with chronic sinusitis. Although most of them result in excellent outcomes, some complications due to injury of nearby structures, such as the orbit or brain, may have serious consequences. Ophthalmic complications, occurring in less than 1% of all ESS cases, include orbital hematoma, diplopia, injury to the nasolacrimal duct, and in severe cases, even blindness. Here, we present a rare case in which a 49-year old female developed unilateral blepharoptosis after undergoing revision ESS.

Background and Objectives: Proximal submandibular stone is not a rare disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the surgical outcomes of 3 different ways to treat proximal submandibular stone: intraoral removal of stone (IORS) with sublingual gland (SLG) resection, IORS without SLG resection and submandibular gland (SMG) resection. Subjects and Methods: We prospectively reviewed the surgical outcomes of IORS with SLG resection group (22 patients), IORS without SLG resection group (35 patients) and SMG resection group (22 patients). To evaluate the surgical outcomes, we analyzed the location and size of stones, mean operation time, mean hospital stay, mean postoperative degree of pain based on a visual analog scale (0–10), and incidence of complications. Results: There were no significant differences between the mean diameter of stones and lengthfrom the hilum to stones. The mean operation time was shorter in the IORS without SLG re-section group than that in IORS without SLG resection group, and was significantly shorter than that of the SMG resection group. The mean hospital stay of the IORS without SLG resection group was also shorter than that of IORS with SLG resection group, and was significantly short-er than the SMG resection group. IORS without SLG resection group felt less pain than IORS with SLG resection group and SMG resection group. Four patients who underwent IORS without SLG resection experienced transient and mild SMG swelling, and mild paresthesia was noted on the same side. All patients recovered within 3 months. Intraoral removal of proximal SMG stones exhibited several advantages over SMG resection in terms of hospital stay, mean operation, time and postoperative pain. Conclusion Based on our results, we suggest that IORS without SLG resection be selected as the primary procedure for the removal of proximal submandibular stones rather than SMG resection.

Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by a nonspecific encephalopathy with high titers of serum anti-thyroid antibody in the absence of other defined causes. A 54-year-old woman was admitted due to recurrent seizures and confusion. Her serum anti-thyroid antibody level was elevated, and brain MRI showed multiple instances of vasogenic edema. Her symptoms disappeared after treatment with high-dose steroids and antiepileptic drugs. We propose that HE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of multiple vasogenic edema on brain imaging.
Anticonvulsants ; Brain* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Edema* ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Middle Aged ; Neuroimaging ; Seizures ; Steroids

Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by a nonspecific encephalopathy with high titers of serum anti-thyroid antibody in the absence of other defined causes. A 54-year-old woman was admitted due to recurrent seizures and confusion. Her serum anti-thyroid antibody level was elevated, and brain MRI showed multiple instances of vasogenic edema. Her symptoms disappeared after treatment with high-dose steroids and antiepileptic drugs. We propose that HE should be considered in the differential diagnosis of multiple vasogenic edema on brain imaging.
Anticonvulsants ; Brain* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Edema* ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Middle Aged ; Neuroimaging ; Seizures ; Steroids

Ceftazidime is a widely used third-generation cephalosporin. We report a case of ceftazidime-induced nonconvulsive status epilepticus in a patient with renal failure. A 56-year-old man experienced the gradual development of altered mentation after a diabetic foot ulcer was treated with ceftazidime. Rhythmic sharply contoured triphasic waves were evident in all electroencephalography leads. The clinical and electrographical seizures ceased after introducing antiepileptic drugs and discontinuing ceftazidime. This case demonstrates that altered mentality and nonconvulsive status epilepticus can be caused by ceftazidime in patients with renal dysfunction.
Anticonvulsants ; Ceftazidime ; Diabetic Foot ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Renal Insufficiency ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus* ; Ulcer

Ceftazidime is a widely used third-generation cephalosporin. We report a case of ceftazidime-induced nonconvulsive status epilepticus in a patient with renal failure. A 56-year-old man experienced the gradual development of altered mentation after a diabetic foot ulcer was treated with ceftazidime. Rhythmic sharply contoured triphasic waves were evident in all electroencephalography leads. The clinical and electrographical seizures ceased after introducing antiepileptic drugs and discontinuing ceftazidime. This case demonstrates that altered mentality and nonconvulsive status epilepticus can be caused by ceftazidime in patients with renal dysfunction.
Anticonvulsants ; Ceftazidime ; Diabetic Foot ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Renal Insufficiency ; Seizures ; Status Epilepticus* ; Ulcer

No abstract available.
Carotid Artery, Internal ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Endovascular Procedures ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Oculomotor Nerve Diseases ; Paralysis

Far-infrared rays (FIR) are known to have various effects on atoms and molecular structures within cells owing to their radiation and vibration frequencies. The present study examined the effects of FIR on gene expression related to glucose transport through microarray analysis in rat skeletal muscle cells, as well as on mitochondrial biogenesis, at high and low glucose conditions. FIR were emitted from a bio-active material coated fabric (BMCF). L6 cells were treated with 30% BMCF for 24 h in medium containing 25 or 5.5 mM glucose, and changes in the expression of glucose transporter genes were determined. The expression of GLUT3 (Slc2a3) increased 2.0-fold (p < 0.05) under 5.5 mM glucose and 30% BMCF. In addition, mitochondrial oxygen consumption and membrane potential (ΔΨm) increased 1.5- and 3.4-fold (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), respectively, but no significant change in expression of Pgc-1a, a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, was observed in 24 h. To analyze the relationship between GLUT3 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis under FIR, GLUT3 was down-modulated by siRNA for 72 h. As a result, the ΔΨm of the GLUT3 siRNA-treated cells increased 3.0-fold (p < 0.001), whereas that of the control group increased 4.6-fold (p < 0.001). Moreover, Pgc-1a expression increased upon 30% BMCF treatment for 72 h; an effect that was more pronounced in the presence of GLUT3. These results suggest that FIR may hold therapeutic potential for improving glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function in metabolic diseases associated with insufficient glucose supply, such as type 2 diabetes.

Far-infrared rays (FIR) are known to have various effects on atoms and molecular structures within cells owing to their radiation and vibration frequencies. The present study examined the effects of FIR on gene expression related to glucose transport through microarray analysis in rat skeletal muscle cells, as well as on mitochondrial biogenesis, at high and low glucose conditions. FIR were emitted from a bio-active material coated fabric (BMCF). L6 cells were treated with 30% BMCF for 24 h in medium containing 25 or 5.5 mM glucose, and changes in the expression of glucose transporter genes were determined. The expression of GLUT3 (Slc2a3) increased 2.0-fold (p < 0.05) under 5.5 mM glucose and 30% BMCF. In addition, mitochondrial oxygen consumption and membrane potential (ΔΨm) increased 1.5- and 3.4-fold (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), respectively, but no significant change in expression of Pgc-1a, a regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, was observed in 24 h. To analyze the relationship between GLUT3 expression and mitochondrial biogenesis under FIR, GLUT3 was down-modulated by siRNA for 72 h. As a result, the ΔΨm of the GLUT3 siRNA-treated cells increased 3.0-fold (p < 0.001), whereas that of the control group increased 4.6-fold (p < 0.001). Moreover, Pgc-1a expression increased upon 30% BMCF treatment for 72 h; an effect that was more pronounced in the presence of GLUT3. These results suggest that FIR may hold therapeutic potential for improving glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function in metabolic diseases associated with insufficient glucose supply, such as type 2 diabetes.