[Objective] It makes a through study on the popularization and usefulness plan of Moxa Combustion, therefore popularizing practical use of that.
[Methods] It was based on the established treatises and books, in order to studying about the literature of Moxa Combustion.
[Results & Conclusions] It makes a through study on the whole of Moxa Combustion, the results as follows.
1. We explained (illustrated) the origin, history, classification and mechanism (effect) of Moxa Combustion.
2. The study of standardization plan of Moxa Combustion for popularization.
The thermal stimulation of Moxa Combustion was decided the characteristic pattern of combustion temperature by moxa burning and that makes a measure to grasp the effective action of Moxa Combustion upon human body. Thereupon it is necessary to continue further studies by analyzing the characteristic pattern of combustion temperature by moxa burning and there clinical effects in practice.
3. The usefulness of Moxa Combustion.
The therapeutic effect of Moxa Combustion are hematopoiesis (increase the blood), analgesic function, increase the immunity, antioxidant activity, diuretic action, control of hormone (endocrine gland), suppression of carcinogenesis, increase the self involution (natural healing), decrease of GOT/GPT, glucose, cholesterol level.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a common route like sexually transmitted infections (STIs), vertical transmission and blood transfusion, etc. Therefore, it was necessary to be an attempt to confirm the relationship of HBV and HIV in Korea. We investigated the prevalence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) in HIV positive groups (n=430) and HIV negative groups (n=434) from January 2014 to October 2015. When comparing the prevalence of anti-HBc between the two groups, HIV positive group (36.0%) showed a higher prevalence than HIV negative group (24.7%), the result was statistically significant (p < 0.05). However, there was a little difference on HBsAg and not significant. Therefore, by showing a clear difference in anti-HBc between the two groups of HIV in Korea, it was confirmed to be associated with co-infections between Hepatitis B and HIV.
Blood Transfusion ; Coinfection* ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; HIV* ; Korea* ; Prevalence* ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

BACKGROUND: Interleukin-5 (IL-5) is responsible for eosinophilia in allergic diseases. In allergic bronchial asthma, there is a correlation between the extent of eosinophil infiltration in bronchial mucosa and IL-5 concentrations. In addition, IL-2 concentration is elevated in the airways and associated with eosinophilia in symptomatic patients with bronchial asthma. In animal studies, IL-2 can induce eosinophilia by increasing the synthesis of IL-5, however, it is still unknown how IL-2 can induce eosinophila in human being. The aim of this study is to evaluation the effect and mechanism of IL-2 on prolongation of eosinophil survival. METHODS: After purifiing the eosinophils from the venous blood of allergic patients with eosinophilia, we measured the survival rates of eosinophils using trypan blue dye exclusion test, and the number of eosinophils with Randolp's solution. We compared the survival rates of eosinophils in the presence of IL-2 or IL-5. Neutralizing antibody for IL-5 was added in IL-2 treated eosinophils to reveal whether IL-2 induced prolongation of eosinophil survival was mediated by IL-5. We checked IL-5 m-RNA expression of lymphocytes in the presence of IL-2 by using Reverse transcription-Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method to revealed the effect of IL-2 on IL-5 m-RNA expression on lymphocyte. alpha and beta IL-2 receptors were measured on eosinophils and lymphocytes with flow-cytometer after stimulated with IL-2. RESULTS: 1) Eosinophil survival rates increased dose dependently on IL-5 and IL-2. 2) The eosinophil survival rates increased by IL-2 were not inhibited by the pretreatment with neutralizing antibody for IL-5. 3) IL-5 m-RNA was not expressed on lymphocytes by the treatment with IL-2 up to 96 hours. 4) IL-2 upregulate the expression of IL-2Ralpha on eosinophils, instead of no effect on the expression of IL-2Rbeta. CONCLUSION: Interleukin-2 had the enhancing effect on the survival rates of eosinophils. The mechanism behind IL-2 induced eosinophilia might be the increment of IL-2 receptors on eosinophils rather than IL-5 synthesis by lymphocytes.
Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Asthma ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils* ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; Interleukin-5 ; Lymphocytes ; Mucous Membrane ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; Survival Rate ; Trypan Blue

PURPOSE: This study was performed to assess the safety and efficacy of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) with a home-made stent graft. METHOD: The medical records of 17 patients who underwent EVAR at Seoul National University Hospital between January 1995 and December 2003 were analyzed retrospectively. The outcomes were measured with respect to efficacy (deployment success rate, technical success rate, conversion rate, and reintervention rates) and safety (30-day mortality rate, complication rate, endoleaks, graft thrombosis, stenosis, and migration). RESULT: The median follow-up of the patients was 42.8 months (range, 2.7~72.67 months). The male to female ratio was 7.5 (15:2). The deployment success rate was 100% and the technical success rate was 70.6% at discharge. Early complications were present in five patients (29%). Late complications occurred in 47% of the cases. Secondary intervention to treat complications was required in 29% of patients. Open repairs were performed in two patients (12%), one with an immediate type Ia endoleak and the other for migrations. The cumulative patient survival rate was 94.1%, 76.0% and 57.0% at 1, 3 and 5 years follow up. The overall clinical success rate during follow-up was 38.5%. CONCLUSION: Although EVAR with a home-made device in high-risk patients showed good early technical outcomes, there were complications. Continued device innovation, good compliance and close surveillance are required for these patients.
Aneurysm* ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal* ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Compliance ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Endoleak ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies* ; Seoul ; Survival Rate ; Thrombosis ; Transplants