Purpose: Although the prevalence of a discoid lateral meniscus is relatively rare, estimated at approximately 0.4% to 5.0% in the Western world, studies have shown that the incidence is significantly higher in Asia, particularly in South Korea and Japan, ranging from 10.5% to 16.6%. On the other hand, previous studies that reported the incidence of discoid lateral meniscus mainly relied on patients who underwent arthroscopic or open surgery. This study examined the incidence of discoid lateral meniscus using a magnetic resonance imaging-based diagnostic approach. Materials and Methods: This study conducted a retrospective review of the prevalence of discoid lateral meniscus in 10,810 male patients with knee pain who underwent magnetic resonance imaging at the author’s single institution between January 2013 and January 2023. The mean age of the patients was 42.55±15.93 years old (range: 12 to 82). The patient demographics, including age, were analyzed.The characteristics of the discoid lateral meniscus were also analyzed, including the subtype and presence of a combined lateral meniscus tear. Results: This study identified 1,025 patients (9.5%) with a discoid lateral meniscus, including 129 with the complete subtype, 893 with the incomplete subtype, and 3 with the Wrisberg-type subtype. Although there was no significant difference in prevalence between sexes, the highest diagnosis rate of discoid lateral meniscus was observed in the 41–60-year-old (10.1%) age group, which was statistically significant (p=0.025). Among the 164 patients with a concurrent lateral meniscus tear, the horizontal type (80 patients, 48.8%) was the most frequently observed. Conclusion While the incidence in the present study was slightly lower than that reported in previous arthroscopic-based studies, the findings still suggest a relatively high prevalence of discoid lateral meniscus in Korea compared to other countries. In contrast to earlier research that suggested a decline in incidence with age, this study found that the incidence of discoid lateral meniscus was highest among individuals aged 41–60 years.

Purpose: Although the prevalence of a discoid lateral meniscus is relatively rare, estimated at approximately 0.4% to 5.0% in the Western world, studies have shown that the incidence is significantly higher in Asia, particularly in South Korea and Japan, ranging from 10.5% to 16.6%. On the other hand, previous studies that reported the incidence of discoid lateral meniscus mainly relied on patients who underwent arthroscopic or open surgery. This study examined the incidence of discoid lateral meniscus using a magnetic resonance imaging-based diagnostic approach. Materials and Methods: This study conducted a retrospective review of the prevalence of discoid lateral meniscus in 10,810 male patients with knee pain who underwent magnetic resonance imaging at the author’s single institution between January 2013 and January 2023. The mean age of the patients was 42.55±15.93 years old (range: 12 to 82). The patient demographics, including age, were analyzed.The characteristics of the discoid lateral meniscus were also analyzed, including the subtype and presence of a combined lateral meniscus tear. Results: This study identified 1,025 patients (9.5%) with a discoid lateral meniscus, including 129 with the complete subtype, 893 with the incomplete subtype, and 3 with the Wrisberg-type subtype. Although there was no significant difference in prevalence between sexes, the highest diagnosis rate of discoid lateral meniscus was observed in the 41–60-year-old (10.1%) age group, which was statistically significant (p=0.025). Among the 164 patients with a concurrent lateral meniscus tear, the horizontal type (80 patients, 48.8%) was the most frequently observed. Conclusion While the incidence in the present study was slightly lower than that reported in previous arthroscopic-based studies, the findings still suggest a relatively high prevalence of discoid lateral meniscus in Korea compared to other countries. In contrast to earlier research that suggested a decline in incidence with age, this study found that the incidence of discoid lateral meniscus was highest among individuals aged 41–60 years.

Purpose: Although the prevalence of a discoid lateral meniscus is relatively rare, estimated at approximately 0.4% to 5.0% in the Western world, studies have shown that the incidence is significantly higher in Asia, particularly in South Korea and Japan, ranging from 10.5% to 16.6%. On the other hand, previous studies that reported the incidence of discoid lateral meniscus mainly relied on patients who underwent arthroscopic or open surgery. This study examined the incidence of discoid lateral meniscus using a magnetic resonance imaging-based diagnostic approach. Materials and Methods: This study conducted a retrospective review of the prevalence of discoid lateral meniscus in 10,810 male patients with knee pain who underwent magnetic resonance imaging at the author’s single institution between January 2013 and January 2023. The mean age of the patients was 42.55±15.93 years old (range: 12 to 82). The patient demographics, including age, were analyzed.The characteristics of the discoid lateral meniscus were also analyzed, including the subtype and presence of a combined lateral meniscus tear. Results: This study identified 1,025 patients (9.5%) with a discoid lateral meniscus, including 129 with the complete subtype, 893 with the incomplete subtype, and 3 with the Wrisberg-type subtype. Although there was no significant difference in prevalence between sexes, the highest diagnosis rate of discoid lateral meniscus was observed in the 41–60-year-old (10.1%) age group, which was statistically significant (p=0.025). Among the 164 patients with a concurrent lateral meniscus tear, the horizontal type (80 patients, 48.8%) was the most frequently observed. Conclusion While the incidence in the present study was slightly lower than that reported in previous arthroscopic-based studies, the findings still suggest a relatively high prevalence of discoid lateral meniscus in Korea compared to other countries. In contrast to earlier research that suggested a decline in incidence with age, this study found that the incidence of discoid lateral meniscus was highest among individuals aged 41–60 years.

No abstract available.
Infarction* ; Retrospective Studies*

We analysed the 49 probands of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) in Korea to elucidate clinical and genetic characteristics. 1) Family history of renal disease or ADPKD was taken from 44% of probands; hypertension 88%, cerebrovascular attack 64%, end stage renal disease 16%. 2) From the family screening with renal ultrasonography, we have confirmed dominant trait in 24 families. We found 2 families which have suspicious new mutations. 3) We performed linkage analysis of 15 families. The PKD-1 to non PKD-1 ratio was 13 : 2. 4) The male to femal ratio was 17 : 32 and age at diagnosis was 41 (24-65)years (mean (range)) in male, 45 (26-68) years in female. 5) The factors leading to the diagnosis of ADPKD were flank pain (23%), incidental finding (17%), palpable abdominal mass (11%), headache (9%) and gross hematuria (9%) 3) Hypertension (80%), azotemia (43%), flank pain (42%), renal calcification (42%), gross hematuria (33%) and cyst hemorrhage (25%) were renal complications. There were 2 renal cell carcinoma cases. 4)Liver cyst (82%) was the most common extrarenal manifestations. There were colonic diverticulosis (13%), cerebral artery aneurysm (7%), adrenal cyst (4%) and pancreatic cyst (2%). Results of our study revealed the clinical and genetic characteristics of ADPKD in Korea. We found only 44% of family history of renal disease, variable initial manifestations, variable renal and extrarenal complications. And we also found the similar percentage of PKD-2 (13%) to that (5-15%) of western countries, but it is necessary to study with more patients and families.
Aneurysm ; Azotemia ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; Cerebral Arteries ; Diagnosis ; Diverticulosis, Colonic ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Headache ; Hematuria ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Incidental Findings ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Korea* ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Pancreatic Cyst ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant* ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the influence of different sizes of spoons (normal spoon, 8.3 cc vs small spoon, 4 cc) on eating rate, energy intake and the satiety levels of female college students. METHODS: Twenty four healthy female college students participated in this study once a week for 2 weeks. Two hundred ten grams of cooked rice and 250 g of beef shank soup with a normal spoon and same amount of rice and soup with a small size spoon were served to the same participants over two consecutive weeks. After each lunch, the eating rate, energy intake, and the satiety levels were measured. RESULTS: Results showed that the subjects who were using a small spoon ate less beef shank soup (149.0 kcal) (p < 0.01) and had lower total energy intake (423.3 kcal) (p < 0.05) than using a normal spoon (178.7 and 461.1 kcal, respectively). Also, the meal time (15.7 min) (p < 0.01), a serving per one spoon (8.6 g) (p < 0.001), and eating rate (27.9 g/min) (p < 0.001) of those who used a small spoon were significantly different than that of those who used a normal spoon (13.6 min, 12.5 g and 35.7 g/min, respectively). However, despite consuming less energy at lunch, the level of satiety after eating from the small spoon was not significantly different from the normal spoon immediately after, 1 hour after and 2 hour after lunch. CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that students were able to control their eating rate by using a small spoon and they could feel full enough even though they eat less. In conclusion, eating rate decrease by using a small spoon may play an important role in food intake.
Eating* ; Energy Intake* ; Female* ; Humans ; Lunch ; Meals

No abstract available.
Fibroma ; Maxilla

A 57-year-old woman who had a history of diabetes was admitted due to fever and left flank pain. Acute pyelonephritis was diagnosed by clinical findings including left costovertebral area tenderness, positive urine and blood cultures. Subsequent abdominal computed tomography demonstrated multiple abscess pockets in the left renal parenchyme and ipsilateral renal vein thrombosis. She was fully recovered after treatment with antibiotics, low-molecular weight heparin and low-dose aspirin for six weeks. Our case emphasizes that renal vein thrombosis could be complicated in acute pyelonephritis, especially in patients with diabetes. It is reasonable to speculate that factors such as hemoconcentration caused by fever and osmotic diuresis and compression of renal vascular pedicle by renal abscess might have had a role in inciting the renal vein thrombosis.
Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Aspirin ; Diuresis ; Female ; Fever ; Flank Pain ; Heparin ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pyelonephritis* ; Renal Veins* ; Thrombosis*

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of ADPKD is still unknown but the proliferation of cystic epithelia and the fluid secretion to cystic lumen are thought to be important. Cytokines play a pivotal role in growth, differentiation, and apoptosis in general, but there were few reports about the cytokine profile in ADPKD cysts. METHODS: In this study, we measured cytokine content in aerobic culture-negative cystic fluids from 23 patients with symptomatic normal to end-stage (n=3) ADPKD in order to elucidate the possibility that cytokines are related to the development and progression of disease. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to detect IL-1beta, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-gamma with commercial kits. RESULTS: Male to female ratio was 6 : 17 and the median age at examination was 52 years (range 36 to 78). IL-1beta was present in 18 of 23[78%] (11 to 173 pg/mL), IL-2 in 18 of 23[78%] (5 to 159 pg/ mL), IL-4 in 9 0f 23[39%] (8 to 156 pg/mL) and IL-6 in 10 of 23[43%] (16 to 1498 pg/mL). IL-10, and IFN-gamma were not detected. IL-1beta concentrations correlated directly with those of IL-2 (r=0.7671). IL- 6 levels in patients with azotemia (n=7) [288.4+/-26.2 (mean+/-S.D.)] were significantly higher than those of normal renal function group (98.3+/-413.9)(p<0.01). Such difference was not found in other cytokines. Cytokine concentrations did not correlate with sodium concentrations, nor with cystic fluid osmolality, indicating that differences in concentrations among fluids could not be explained by differences in water content. And, there was no significant correlation between the intracystic concentrations of these cytokines and the corresponding cyst diameters. CONCLUSION: These data identify proinflammatory cytokines as possible mediators to the morbidity of ADPKD. Especially, IL-6 levels of cystic fluid were elevated in the azotemic ADPKD patients.
Apoptosis ; Azotemia ; Cytokines ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukin-6 ; Male ; Osmolar Concentration ; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant* ; Sodium ; Water

No abstract available.
Biopsy* ; Kidney Diseases* ; Kidney*