No abstract available.
Common Bile Duct*

No abstract available.
Osteoporosis* ; Radionuclide Imaging*

Voglibose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, inhibits breakdown of complex carbohydrates into simple sugar units in intestine. Studies showed that voglibose metabolism in the liver might be negligible due to its poor intestinal absorption. Numerous microorganisms live in intestine and have several roles in metabolism and detoxification of various xenobiotics. Due to the limited information, the possible metabolism of voglibose by intestinal microbiota was investigated in vitro and in vivo.

There has been so much controversies about the position of upper and lower jaws, and their first permanent molars in normal occlusion and Angle's class I,II,III malocclusions. So, the purpose of this study is to compare the position of upper and lower jaws, and their first molars in normal occlusion and Angle's class IIIIII malocclusions by lateral cephalometric analysis. The sample consisted of one hundred and twenty girls(thirty in each group) who had completed growth. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. In class I malocclusion, both maxilla and mandible were slightly posterior position than normal occlusion, but they showed harmonious relationship. 2. In class II malocclusion, the mandible was greatly retruded, and the maxilla was also slightly retruded to the cranial base as compared with normal occlusion. 3. In class III malocclusion, the maxilla was significantly retruded to the cranial base, but no significant difference was found in mandibular position as compared with normal occlusion. 4. The maxillary first molar was located at posterior position in class II malocclusion, and anterior position in class III malocclusion to the cranium, so that the rotation of mandible was influenced by that. 5. The mandibular first molar showed constant relationship to the mandible in all four groups, but different position to the cranial base in direct proportion to the mandibular position. 6. On the treatment planning of class II malocclusion, it seems to be better to promote the mandibular horizontal growth by inhibiting the vertical growth of maxillary molar area, and on the treatment planning of class III malocclusion, it seems to be better to promote the antero-inferior growth of maxilla and to promote the mandibular vertical growth by inducing the vertical growth of maxillary molar area.
Jaw* ; Malocclusion* ; Mandible ; Maxilla ; Molar* ; Skull ; Skull Base

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of postnatal acidosis on the short-term clinical outcomes or neonatal mortality in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 157 VLBW infants. The study population was divided into three categories: two acidosis groups and one control group, based on blood pH, base excess, and partial pressure of carbon dioxide. The primary outcome variables were massive pulmonary hemorrhage (MPH), apnea, and early death. The secondary outcomes were intraventricular hemorrhage (grade III-IV), necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and death before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age. RESULTS: After adjustment for birth weight, gestational age and Apgar score, compared to the control group (n=97), MPH and early death were more common in acidosis 1 (n=21) and acidosis 2 (n=39) groups, respectively. There were no differences between the acidosis groups and the control group with respect to other important neonatal outcomes. CONCLUSION: Postnatal acidosis was related to an increased risk of MPH and early neonatal mortality in VLBW infants.
Acidosis* ; Apgar Score ; Apnea ; Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; Carbon Dioxide ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; Gestational Age ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Infant Mortality ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight* ; Partial Pressure ; Prognosis ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; Retrospective Studies

Bacteriophages were induced from staphylococcus intermedius isolates from dogs and used for a phage typing. Mitomycin C induction was performed on 60 strains of S. intermedius and all phages were reacted with the strains. Twenty-eight strains (46.7%) were found to be lysogenic. Based on host ranges, eight phages were selected. By using the eight phages, 129 strains isolated from canine clinical specimens were subjected to the phage typing at the routine test dilution (RTD) and 100xRTD. Typability of the phage set was 78.3%, yielding 40 phage patterns. The phage set was considered useful for differentiating S. intermedius strains isolated from dogs. None of 50 strains of S. aureus, 2 (3.6%) of 56 S. simulance strains, 13 (24.5%) of 53 S. chromogenes strains and 46 (28.1%) of 164 S. hyicus strains were typable by the phages at 100xRTD.
Animals ; Bacteriophage Typing* ; Bacteriophages* ; Dogs ; Host Specificity ; Mitomycin ; Staphylococcus intermedius* ; Staphylococcus*

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to clarify the effects of maternal separation and fluoxetine treatment on the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in rat hypothalamus. METHODS: Rat pups were separated from their mother and socially isolated on postnatal day 15 and were treated with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg/day) for 7 days, after which nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemical staining were carried out. RESULTS: The maternal separation with normal saline treatment group showed significant decrease in the density of NADPH-d positive neurons in comparison with continous maternal care group in paraventricular nucleus (PVN). In the maternal separation with fluoxetine treatment group, the density of NADPH-d positive neurons was significantly increased in PVN compared to the maternal separation with normal saline treatment group. CONCLUSION: These results suggests role of NOS in the biological mechanism of maternal separation and the action of fluoxetine. We expect these will be used as basis for evaluation of pathophysiology of stress or maternal separation-related disorders in clinical aspect.
Animals ; Brain* ; Fluoxetine* ; Humans ; Hypothalamus* ; Mothers ; NAD ; Neurons ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitric Oxide* ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus ; Rats*

PURPOSE: The Female Sexual Distress Scale(FSDS) was developed to measure sexually-related personal distress in women. We performed this study to assess the reliability and validity of FSDS-Korean version in Korean women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The original 20-item FSDS was translated into Korean. One-hundred four healthy, married women were recruited and given the survey. A second survey was done two weeks later for test-retest reliability. Validity, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability were evaluated. RESULTS: The test-retest coefficient of stability over a 2-week period was 0.99(p<0.01). The 20 items of the FSDS have good internal consistency, with an alpha of 0.96. The FSDS discriminated between women with and without sexually related distress(t=-7.34, p<0.01). The optimal cut-off score was 20(sensitivity 71.4%, specificity 92.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The Korean version of FSDS might be a useful tool to screen for sexually distressed women in Korea.
Female* ; Humans ; Korea ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Although quantitative evaluation of myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR) has been perceived as an attractive advantage of positron emission tomography (PET) over other cardiac imaging technologies, application of the information to specific coronary lesions is a difficult task for nuclear cardiologists. We hypothesized that changes in MBF and MFR over a coronary lesion could be identified by use of a hybrid technology of CT coronary angiography (CTCA) and N-13 ammonia PET. To evaluate this hypothesis, we measured the gradient of MBF and MFR through coronary stenosis in seven patients (M:F=3:4, median age 56 years) with coronary artery disease who underwent N-13 ammonia PET, CTCA, and interventional coronary angiography. Two patients had proximal left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery disease and five patients had mid to distal LAD disease. Mean global stress and rest MBF were 2.62+/-0.58 and 1.03+/-0.19 ml/min/g, respectively. Mean global MFR was 2.6+/-0.73. Regional stress and rest MBF in the LAD territory were 2.36+/-0.75 and 0.96+/-0.21 ml/min/g, respectively. Regional MFR in the LAD territory was 2.55+/-0.83 ml/min/g. Stress MBF changed dramatically according to the location of coronary stenosis. It dropped acutely in proximal lesions, whereas it diminished gradually in mid to distal lesions. In conclusion, by use of a hybrid technology of CTCA and PET, it was feasible to make a direct correlation of coronary lesions with the gradient of MFR and CFR through coronary stenosis, which indicated the severity of the coronary lesion. We named this technique indirect radionuclide coronary angiography.
Ammonia ; Chimera ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Coronary Stenosis ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; Nitro Compounds ; Positron-Emission Tomography

OBJECTIVES: 'Taegyo,' prenatal education, is steeped into Korean culture. Although there has been a traditional focus on providing education and care for the fetus in Korea, there is a lack of medical evidence for its effectiveness. METHODS: The authors assessed the scientific basis for 'Taegyo' by reviewing the evidences. RESULTS: 'Taegyo' in Korea began with the spread of Buddhist culture from China, and transmitted by word-of-mouth. The first 'Taegyo' book, the Tae-gyo-shin-gi, was published on 1803. Modern prenatal education is very diverse. However, only a few studies on its effect have been conducted. Development of medicine, especially obstetrics, fetology, pediatrics, psychiatry, and etc., has learned that many factors, including bad environmental conditions and maternal stress, influenced against the fetus and mother. As for the paternal side, occupation, smoking, and stress were also revealed to have consequences for the development of the fetus. On the contrary, adequate maternal nutrition, exercise, and music stimulation positively impact the fetal development and healthy birth. CONCLUSION: Traditional contents of 'Taegyo' were proved to have effectiveness from evidence-based medicine and animal experiments. We need further studies to explore the impact of prenatal education for the fetal development and maternal health.
Animal Experimentation ; China ; Education ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Female ; Fetal Development ; Fetus ; Humans ; Korea ; Maternal Health ; Mothers ; Music ; Obstetrics ; Occupations ; Parturition ; Pediatrics ; Pregnant Women ; Prenatal Care ; Prenatal Education* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stress, Psychological