Purpose: This study aimed to conduct a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the exercise intervention effects for the prevention of musculoskeletal injuries in military personnel. Methods: Among studies that included military personnel as participants, we identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster-RCT studies that used exercise interventions as a method for injury prevention. Exercise encompassed all types of physical activity, and the effect size was determined by the ratio of injuries between groups.Literature searches were conducted with search terms modified to ensure common inclusion of keywords such as “Soldier,” “Injury prevention,” and “Exercise.” For the analysis of potential factors, variables selected for group differentiation included gender, risk of bias, exercise volume, injury location, exercise type, and study design. Results: Among a total of 8,598 search results, 10 papers were finally confirmed. The meta-analysis of all 10 papers showed that there was no statistically significant injury prevention effect, and significant heterogeneity was observed among the studies (incidence rate ratio, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.62–1.09, I2 =83%). Subgroup analysisrevealed a significant 44% reduction in injuries in studies where exercise volume for injury prevention was relatively high. However, no significant injury prevention effects were observed in other potential factors between groups. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the effectiveness of injury prevention exercises in military settings was not statistically significant. However, through the analysis of potential factors, it was confirmed that increasing the time spent on injury prevention exercises may have a preventive effect on injuries.

BACKGROUND: Obesity and related metabolic disorders are growing health challenges worldwide and individuals at military service are not exceptions. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) in the Korean military and to compare with the general population. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 4,803 young military participants who underwent a corporal health-screening program between October 2013 and October 2014. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria was used to identify MS. We also sampled 1,108 men aged 19–29 years from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey from 2010 to 2013 to compare with their military counterparts. RESULTS: The mean age of military participants was 20.8 ± 1.1 years, and 20.6% (n = 988) were obese. The prevalence of MS was 0.8% in military participants, while 7.9% in general population. The risk factors of MS were less prominent among military participants relative to civilians, with the exception of high blood pressure, of which prevalence was higher among military participants (21.5% vs. 18.2%, respectively). In multiple logistic analysis, high physical activity conferred lower odds of MS and obesity in military participants (odds ratios, 0.19 and 0.81, respectively). Age older than 25 years increased risk of most components of MS among civilians. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of obesity and MS is lower in military participants compared with civilians of similar age. Monitoring of high blood pressure and proper stress management are warranted in those at military service.
Adult ; Cholesterol ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Education ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Korea ; Male ; Military Personnel* ; Motor Activity ; Obesity* ; Prevalence* ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: It has been established that the subglottic transverse diameter (SD-T) is the narrowest portion of the pediatric airway. In this study, we aimed to measure SD-T using computed tomography (CT) among Korean pediatrics, and compare and verify the measured SD-T with several formulas for appropriate size of the cuffed endotracheal tube (ETT) in pediatrics. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 364 children from 0 month to 10 years undergoing facial CT scan. The CT scans were performed in children with spontaneous respiration. We obtained SD-T by these CT scans, and compared them with the Motoyama's formula [internal diameter (ID, mm)=(age/4)+3.5], the formula by Khine et al [ID (mm)= (age/4)+3.0], and the formula by Kim et al [outer diameter (OD, mm)=0.01×age (month)+0.02×height (cm)+3.3]. The obtained ID by these formulas was converted to correspond with OD. RESULTS: SD-T had a strong association with age (Estimate=0.029, R²=0.853, p<0.001), weight (Estimate=0.108, R²=0.698, p<0.001), and height (Estimate=0.048, R²=0.854, p<0.001), according to a linear regression analysis. There was no difference of SD-T between males and females (p=0.636). The intraclass coefficients of OD by the Motoyama's formula and the formula by Khine et al with OD of the cuffed ETT by measured SD-T were high (0.910, p<0.001, 0.897, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Age based formulas for the appropriate cuffed ETT could be sufficient for emergency endotracheal intubation in Korean pediatrics.
Child ; Emergencies ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Linear Models ; Male ; Pediatrics ; Respiration ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Animals ; Bone Regeneration ; Bone Substitutes ; Carbon ; Dogs ; Durapatite ; Heterografts ; Mouth ; Osteogenesis ; Transplants

The Korean Dementia Association (KDA) has been organizing biennial international academic conferences since 2019, with the International Conference of the KDA (IC-KDA) 2023 held in Busan under the theme ‘Beyond Boundaries: Advancing Global Dementia Solutions.’ The conference comprised 6 scientific sessions, 3 plenary lectures, and 4luncheon symposiums, drawing 804 participants from 35 countries. Notably, a Korea– Taiwan Joint Symposium addressed insights into Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Plenary lectures by renowned scholars explored topics such as microbiome-related AD pathogenesis, social cognition in neurodegenerative diseases, and genetic frontotemporal dementia (FTD). On the first day, specific presentations covered subjects like the gut–brain axis and neuroinflammation in dementia, blood-based biomarkers in AD, and updates in AD therapeutics. The second day’s presentations addressed recent issues in clinical neuropsychology, FTD cohort studies, and the pathogenesis of non-AD dementia. The Academic Committee of the KDA compiles lecture summaries to provide comprehensive understanding of the advanced dementia knowledge presented at IC-KDA 2023.

This article provides an overview of the developmental history and rationale of medical ethics to establish the code of ethics and professional conduct of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (KACAP). Most medical professional organizations have their own codes of ethics and conduct because they have continuous responsibility to regulate professional activities and conducts for their members. The Ethics and Award Committee of the KACAP appointed a Task-Force to establish the code of ethics and conduct in 2012. Because bioethics has become global, the Ethics Task Force examined global standards. Global standards in medical ethics and professional conduct adopted by the World Medical Association and the World Psychiatric Association have provided the basic framework for our KACAP's code of ethics and professional conduct. The Code of Ethics of the Americal Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry has provided us additional specific clarifications required for child and adolescent patients. The code of ethics and professional conduct of the KACAP will be helpful to us in ethical clinical practice and will ensure our competence in recognizing ethical violations.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Psychiatry* ; Adolescent* ; Advisory Committees ; Awards and Prizes ; Bioethics ; Child* ; Codes of Ethics ; Ethics ; Ethics, Medical* ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Societies

Male infertility (MI) and male sexual dysfunction (MSD) can often coexist together due to various interplay factors such as psychosexual, sociocultural and relationship dynamics. The presence of each form of MSD can adversely impact male reproduction and treatment strategies will need to be individualized based on patients’ factors, local expertise, and geographical socioeconomic status. The Asia Pacific Society of Sexual Medicine (APSSM) and the Asian Society of Men’s Health and Aging (ASMHA) aim to provide a consensus statement and practical set of clinical recommendations based on current evidence to guide clinicians in the management of MI and MSD within the Asia-Pacific (AP) region. A comprehensive, narrative review of the literature was performed to identify the various forms of MSD and their association with MI. MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched for the following English language articles under the following terms: “low libido”, “erectile dysfunction”, “ejaculatory dysfunction”, “premature ejaculation”, “retrograde ejaculation”, “delayed ejaculation”, “anejaculation”, and “orgasmic dysfunction” between January 2001 to June 2022 with emphasis on published guidelines endorsed by various organizations. This APSSM consensus committee panel evaluated and provided evidence-based recommendations on MI and clinically relevant MSD areas using a modified Delphi method by the panel and specific emphasis on locoregional socioeconomic-cultural issues relevant to the AP region. While variations exist in treatment strategies for managing MI and MSD due to geographical expertise, locoregional resources, and sociocultural factors, the panel agreed that comprehensive fertility evaluation with a multidisciplinary management approach to each MSD domain is recommended. It is important to address individual MI issues with an emphasis on improving spermatogenesis and facilitating reproductive avenues while at the same time, managing various MSD conditions with evidence-based treatments. All therapeutic options should be discussed and implemented based on the patient’s individual needs, beliefs and preferences while incorporating locoregional expertise and available resources.