No abstract available.
Meningitis

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Jaw*

No abstract available.
Neurilemmoma*

We report a case of 34-year-old woman who had left main coronary artery disease and treated with medication only. She was presented with severe chest pain. Isolated left main coronary disease was demonstrated on selective left coronary angiography. There was no regional wall motion abnormality on echocardiogram with normal global LV systolic function. We considered the lesion as a varient of Takayasu's arteritis. So with anti-anginal medication, treatment started with steroid therapy. After then there was no chest pain. We performed follow-up coronary angiography after 1 month and 3 month in which revealed improved left main lesion. Since then there was no subjective symptom and Thallium-201 SPECT revealed no significant ischemic finding. We think that this case's underlying disease is may be Takayasu's arteritis which has isolated left main stenosis without systemic involvement and improved with medical treatement only.
Adult ; Chest Pain ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Disease ; Coronary Vessels* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Takayasu Arteritis ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon

PURPOSE: Sildenafil citrate(Viagra(R)) has been accepted as a primary treatment of erectile dysfunction(ED). We performed this study to assess the determinants of sildenafil failure and the status of secondary treatment in sildenafil failure patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 1,023 erectile dysfunction patients who were prescribed sildenafil from September 2001 to June 2003. A specially designed sildenafil failure questionnaire was asked in 236 patients of sildenafil failure(Group I) and 127 of 787 patients with sildenafil success as a control(Group II). RESULTS: Sildenafil failure rate was 23%(236/1023). In Group I, the etiology of ED was psychogenic in 14%, organic in 36%, mixed in 32% and un-classified in 18%. Number of total medication(more than 6 times) was 47% in Group I and 61.4% in Group II. Presence of sexual stimulation after medication was 47% in Group I and 61.4% in Group II. There was no difference in time to intercourse after medication and interval of meal to medication between both groups(p>0.05). The secondary treatment in Group I was intracavernous injection(11.3%), vacuum device(7.2%), penile prosthesis(1.3%) and 81.2% of no further treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Although precise education of taking sildenafil may enhance the response rate, the best predictors for long-term use of sildenafil are the severity and cause of ED and the effectiveness of sildenafil. Due to the high dropout rate of patients who suffer sildenafil failure, precise public education and secondary treatment options should be recommended.
Education ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Humans ; Male ; Meals ; Medical Records ; Patient Dropouts ; Sildenafil Citrate ; Vacuum

In a case of 46-year-old woman suffering from schizophrenia for over 20 years, she experienced frequent episodes of dyspnea and confirmed as superimposed with myasthenia gravis (MG). Throughout the seven-year follow-up period, after diagnosed as MG, she has been hospitalized 6 times and also diagnosed as colorectal cancer. Authors experienced various conditions associated with untoward effects of medication for myasthenia, schizophrenia, and colorectal cancer. Therefore, authors reported considerations for the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia with myasthenia gravis.
Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Drug Therapy ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Myasthenia Gravis* ; Schizophrenia*

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by a range of conditions including impairments in social interaction, communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Pharmacological treatments can improve some symptoms of ASD, but the effect is limited and there is a huge unmet demand for successful interventions of ASD. Brain stimulation and modulation are emerging treatment options for ASD: electroconvulsive therapy for catatonia in ASD, vagal nerve stimulation for comorbid epilepsy and ASD, and deep brain stimulation for serious self-injurious behavior. Therapeutic tools are evolving to mechanism-driven treatment. Excitation/Inhibition (E/I) imbalance alters the brain mechanism of information processing and behavioral regulation. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can stabilize aberrant neuroplasticity by improving E/I balance. These brain stimulation and modulation methods are expected to be used for exploration of the pathophysiology and etiology of ASD and might facilitate the development of a mechanism-driven solution of core domains of ASD in the future.
Autistic Disorder* ; Automatic Data Processing ; Brain* ; Catatonia ; Child ; Autism Spectrum Disorder* ; Deep Brain Stimulation ; Electroconvulsive Therapy ; Epilepsy ; Interpersonal Relations ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Optogenetics ; Self-Injurious Behavior ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Both death certificates and postmortem examination certificates are used as proof of death. These certificates sometimes contain erroneous information but how frequently they do so is unknown. In particular, only a few studies have measured the accuracy of the cause and manner of death on Korea death documents. In this study, we compared the cause and manner of death on both kinds of certificates with those on autopsy reports to determine the frequency of errors, and to identify way to improve the accuracy of these certificates. In 2012, 528 autopsies were requested of out institute, and certificates were submitted in 241 of the cases. The manner of death was classified as natural, unnatural, or unknown. The cause of death in the autopsy report matched that on the death certificate in 37 of 63 cases (58.7%), and the manner of death matched in 40 of 63 cases (63.5%). The cause of death in the autopsy report matched that on the postmortem examination certificate in 62 of 178 cases (34.8%), and the manner of death matched in 74 of 178 cases (41.6%). Death certificates and postmortem examination certificates are important documents. We identified many incorrect reports of causes and manners of death on both kinds of documents, especially the postmortem death certificates. These inaccuracies are presumably due to a lack of forensic information and education, as well as lack of interest on the part of medical doctors.
Autopsy* ; Cause of Death ; Death Certificates* ; Education ; Korea

PURPOSE: Intracavernous injection of PGE1 or papaverine is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction. However, these drugs have several side effects such as pain, priapism, and fibrotic lesions. In this study, we assessed the effects of pinacidil (a K+ -ATP - channel opener) as an alternative for inducing penile erection. METHODS: Using a feline model, the magnitude of penile erection caused by pinacicil was compared with that caused by other drugs, namely acetylcholine, PGE1 and L-arginine. The effects of K+ -channel blockers(4-aminopyridine, glibenclamide, and tetraethylammonium; TEA) and pinacidil on the induced erections were investigated. RESULTS: Intra-arterial injection of pinacicil increased the intracavernous pressure (ICP) in a dose-dependent fashion, and the increase in ICP induced by pinacicil plus acetylcholine, PGE1 or L-arginine was more pronounced than that induced by any of these drugs alone. Furthermore, pinacicil (10(-3)M/mL) effectively reversed the inhibitory effects of the K+-channel blockers on cavernous relaxation induced by acetylcholine, PGE1 or L-arginine (P<0.01). Notably, pinacidil induced cavernous relaxation even in cases refractory to a higher concentration <10(-1) M/mL) of erectics (n = 11; p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that pinacidil is effective in relaxing feline erectile tissue in vivo, probably via increased K+ permeability and subsequent hyperpolarization. Further comparative studies with human erectile tissue and clinical testing are required to show whether K+-channel openers can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction.
Acetylcholine ; Alprostadil ; Arginine ; Diagnosis ; Erectile Dysfunction* ; Glyburide ; Humans ; Injections, Intra-Arterial ; Male ; Papaverine ; Penile Erection ; Permeability ; Pinacidil ; Priapism ; Relaxation ; Tetraethylammonium