1.Comparison of the distribution and accessibility of restaurants in urban area and rural area.
Seong Ah KIM ; Jeong Sook CHOE ; Hyojee JOUNG ; Mi Jin JANG ; Young KIM ; Sang Eun LEE
Journal of Nutrition and Health 2014;47(6):475-483
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure accessibility and to examine distribution of restaurants in the local community. METHODS: The target area of this study was two urban areas and a rural area in a city. We collected location information on all restaurants in target areas and classified all restaurants according to Korean food restaurants and Non-Korean food restaurants. We measured restaurant density per 100 m from the residences of the study population and calculated the distance of the nearest restaurant from the residences of the subjects using the Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis method. We compared the accessibility and distribution of restaurants in urban areas with that of the rural area, and compared the accessibility and distribution of Korean restaurants with that of Non-Korean restaurants. RESULTS: Restaurants in urban areas were more dense than those in the rural area, and, in urban areas, restaurants were intensively distributed around the subjects' residence. Also, there were more Non-Korean food restaurants than Korean food restaurants in urban areas, and it was opposite in the rural area. CONCLUSION: It is important that we understood the current state of the restaurant environment in the local community using GIS analysis for the first time in the field of food environment. Further research is necessary on the association of restaurant environments and the dietary life of the population.
Geographic Information Systems
;
Restaurants*
2.Analysis of dengue cases using geographic information systems: Evidence from Baguio City, Philippines
Nathaniel Vincent A. Lubrica ; Carlo Jay S. Valdez ; Judale W. Quianio ; Ruben I. Rubia ; Gilbert D. Bernardino Jr
Philippine Journal of Nursing 2022;92(2):47-57
Dengue is a global health issue and is also regarded as one of the major public health concerns in the Philippines. Presented in this
paper is the application of a geographic information system (GIS) in mapping dengue cases in Baguio City. A descriptive research
design was utilized and mapped dengue cases were reconciled with environmental correlates such as land cover, housing
information (independent, mixed, or interconnected), hydrology (water bodies and canals), urbanization level (urban or rural),
elevation, soil, and land surface temperature. Moreover, demographic factors and practices were utilized for further analysis.
Results show that interconnected housing, urbanization, land surface temperature, hydrology, and population density are
predictors of dengue cases in Baguio City with the predictive power of 0.3810 (strong), 0.3426 (strong), 0.2509 (medium), 0.1675
(medium), and 0.1323 (medium), respectively. In the context of dengue, several data gaps in health information systems exist.
Although the Manual of Procedures for the Philippine Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (PIDSR) published by the
Department of Health (DOH) of 2014 provides a detailed guide in the management and surveillance of communicable disease, the
use of GIS was noted to be unspecified. Using GIS provides the possibility of harmonizing several data sets to better inform
policymakers.
Dengue
;
Geographic Information Systems
4.Development of Time-location Weighted Spatial Measures Using Global Positioning System Data.
Daikwon HAN ; Kiyoung LEE ; Jongyun KIM ; Deborah H BENNETT ; Diana CASSADY ; Irva HERTZ-PICCIOTTO
Environmental Health and Toxicology 2013;28(1):e2013005-
OBJECTIVES: Despite increasing availability of global positioning system (GPS), no research has been conducted to analyze GPS data for exposure opportunities associated with time at indoor and outdoor microenvironments. We developed location-based and time-weighted spatial measures that incorporate indoor and outdoor time-location data collected by GPS. METHODS: Time-location data were drawn from 38 female subjects in California who wore a GPS device for seven days. Ambient standard deviational ellipse was determined based on outdoor locations and time duration, while indoor time weighted standard deviational ellipse (SDE) was developed to incorporate indoor and outdoor times and locations data into the ellipse measure. RESULTS: Our findings indicated that there was considerable difference in the sizes of exposure potential measures when indoor time was taken into consideration, and that they were associated with day type (weekday/weekend) and employment status. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that time-location weighted measure may provide better accuracy in assessing exposure opportunities at different microenvironments. The use of GPS likely improves the geographical details and accuracy of time-location data, and further development of such location-time weighted spatial measure is encouraged.
California
;
Employment
;
Female
;
Geographic Information Systems*
;
Humans
6.A 7-year study of the regional distribution of differences in scaling experience rate among Koreans.
Young Eun JANG ; Min Young LEE ; Su kyung PARK ; Yeun Ju KIM ; Ga Yeung LEE ; Chun Bae KIM ; Nam Hee KIM
Journal of Korean Academy of Oral Health 2015;39(3):201-206
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this 7-year study was to examine regional differences in scaling experience rate. METHODS: This study used data on scaling experience rate from the Community Health Survey (CHS) obtained between 2008 and 2014. The standardized frequency of scaling experience rate was analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 program, and shown as a Box Plot. Using the Map Wizard for Excel 10.0, the scaling experience rate in each region was illustrated using Geographic Information System (GIS). RESULTS: The scaling experience rate in 2008 was 18.6% and in 2014, was 34.9%. From 2008 to 2014, the annual rate of scaling experience increased approximately 1.8 times. The scaling experience appeared to form clustering on GIS, and there were differences in scaling experience rate between cities, towns, and districts. Although the scaling experience rate increased, the gap between regions seems consistent. CONCLUSIONS: The Scaling Experience rate increased annually, but regional differences did not decrease. Therefore, oral health care professionals in each community should strive to improve the scaling experience rate.
Geographic Information Systems
;
Health Surveys
;
Oral Health
8.Geographic-time distribution of ambulance calls in Singapore: utility of geographic information system in ambulance deployment (CARE 3).
Marcus E H ONG ; Faith S P NG ; Jerry OVERTON ; Susan YAP ; Derek ANDRESEN ; David K L YONG ; Swee Han LIM ; V ANANTHARAMAN
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2009;38(3):184-191
INTRODUCTIONPre-hospital ambulance calls are not random events, but occur in patterns and trends that are related to movement patterns of people, as well as the geographical epidemiology of the population. This study describes the geographic-time epidemiology of ambulance calls in a large urban city and conducts a time demand analysis. This will facilitate a Systems Status Plan for the deployment of ambulances based on the most cost effective deployment strategy.
MATERIALS AND METHODSAn observational prospective study looking at the geographic-time epidemiology of all ambulance calls in Singapore. Locations of ambulance calls were spot mapped using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology. Ambulance response times were mapped and a demand analysis conducted by postal districts.
RESULTSBetween 1 January 2006 and 31 May 2006, 31,896 patients were enrolled into the study. Mean age of patients was 51.6 years (S.D. 23.0) with 60.0% male. Race distribution was 62.5% Chinese, 19.4% Malay, 12.9% Indian and 5.2% others. Trauma consisted 31.2% of calls and medical 68.8%. 9.7% of cases were priority 1 (most severe) and 70.1% priority 2 (moderate severity). Mean call receipt to arrival at scene was 8.0 min (S.D. 4.8). Call volumes in the day were almost twice those at night, with the most calls on Mondays. We found a definite geographical distribution pattern with heavier call volumes in the suburban town centres in the Eastern and Southern part of the country. We characterised the top 35 districts with the highest call volumes by time periods, which will form the basis for ambulance deployment plans.
CONCLUSIONWe found a definite geographical distribution pattern of ambulance calls. This study demonstrates the utility of GIS with despatch demand analysis and has implications for maximising the effectiveness of ambulance deployment.
Ambulances ; utilization ; Geographic Information Systems ; Singapore
10.A simulation on the emerging of birth defects in China with Kriging interpolation method.
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2007;28(2):184-188
OBJECTIVETo describe the regional patterns of emerging level on birth defects with simulated map by original studied and reference data.
METHODSBased on geographical information system, Kriging interpolation method was used and some related environmental factors were drawn from geographic information system software.
RESULTSThe Kriging method had drawn continual and smooth map on birth defect emerging level and shown some clues with environmental factors.
CONCLUSIONKriging method and advanced spatial statistical and analytical methods were helpful in public health studies while simulated map suggested the feasibility of sampled data on national disease surveillance and giving some useful clues to etiological analysis.
China ; epidemiology ; Congenital Abnormalities ; epidemiology ; Forecasting ; Geographic Information Systems ; Humans