BACKGROUND: Cystatin C, a 13-kDa protein synthesized in all nucleated cells, has been proposed as a replacement for serum creatinine in assessments of renal function. The Gentian Cystatin C immunoassay (Gentian, Norway) was recently developed using particle enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay. In this study, we evaluated the analytical performance of the Gentian Cystatin C immunoassay on the Hitachi 7600 Automatic Analyzer (Hitachi Ltd., Japan). METHODS: We performed precision and linearity studies using Hitachi Clinical Analyzer 7600 with Gentian reagent and compared the results to those obtained with the N Latex Cystatin C (Siemens, Germany) using a particle enhanced nephelometric immunoassay method performed on the Behring Nephelometer II (Siemens, Germany). We also analyzed the traceability of Gentian reagent and Siemens reagent to Cystatin C standard reference material, ERM-DA471/IFCC. RESULTS: The coefficient of variations (CVs) for within-run imprecision at low and high levels were 1.58% and 1.06% and the CVs for total imprecision at low and high levels were 2.53% and 2.09%, respectively. In the linearity test, the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.9997 (range, 0.23 to 7.50 mg/L), and comparison with the results obtained by Siemens reagent showed an excellent correlation coefficient of 0.9982. In the traceability test, Gentian reagent is more accurate than Siemens reagent and the total accuracy was 96.0%. CONCLUSIONS: Gentian reagent provides good analytic performance on the Hitachi 7600 Automatic Analyzer and can be used for the diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and risk assessment of renal function.
Creatinine ; Cystatin C* ; Diagnosis ; Gentiana* ; Immunoassay ; Latex ; Methods ; Risk Assessment

No abstract available.
Bandages* ; Gentian Violet* ; Gentiana* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* ; Wounds and Injuries*

Gentiana is an important but complicated group in Gentianaceae. The genus covers numerous medicinal plants which are difficult to be identified. In the present study, several medicinal species in Gentiana from Yunnan province, including G. rigescens, G.rhodantha, and G. delavayi, were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 system. Three complete chloroplast genome sequences were obtained after assembly and annotation. According to several published genome sequences of G. crassicaulis, the DNA super-barcoding of species in Gentiana was preliminarily carried out. The results revealed that chloroplast genomes of the three species were conservative with short lengths(146 944, 148 992, and 148 796 bp, respectively). The genomes encoded 114 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, 4 rRNA genes, and 2 pseudogenes. Furthermore, these medicinal species in Yunnan province were identified using DNA super-barcoding based on chloroplast genomes. The results showed that the Gentiana species could be gathered into monophyletic branches with a high support value(100%). It indicated that DNA super-barcoding possessed obvious advantages in discriminating species in complicated genera. This study is expected to provide a scientific basis for the identification, utilization, and conservation of Gentiana species.
China ; DNA ; Genome, Chloroplast/genetics* ; Gentiana/genetics* ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVEThe interrelation of yield and agronomic traits of Gentiana rigescens was studied for the germplasm and breeding variety of this species.

METHODTwelve agronomic traits, root diameter, root length, root number, root biomass, stem diameter, plant height, the first branch number, leaf length, leaf width, leaf length/leaf width ratio, calyx length, and calyx number of G. rigescens from 26 wild populations in Yunnan were determined for correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression analysis and path analysis.

RESULTCorrelation analysis showed that there were significantly positive correlation between the traits of aboveground part and the length, diameter, number, and biomass of the root. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that length, width, and number of root, plant height, the first branch number, and the calyx number were the main factors that affected the root biomass. Path analysis showed that the diameter, length, and number of the root, the stem height, and the first branch number had a direct positive effect on the root biomass.

CONCLUSIONThe traits, such as high and strong stem, high number of first branch number and shrubby shape could be selected for the breeding and high yielding of G. rigescens.

Gentiana ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plant Leaves ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; growth & development ; metabolism

The recent progresses on chemical components and pharmacological activities of the genus Gentiana were summarized. The main chemical constituents of this genus are iridoids, xanthone and flavone. There were more than ninety iridoid compounds, one hundred xanthone compounds, and thirty four flavone compounds isolated up till now. And flavone compounds were obtained mainly from aerial part. The plants of this genus had broad bioactivities such as antifungal activity, anti-inflammatory activity and liver protective effect. These mentioned above would be helpful for further studies on the plants of the genus Gentiana.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Flavones ; Flavonoids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Gentiana ; chemistry ; Humans ; Xanthones ; chemistry ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo establish a RP-HPLC method for simultaneously determination of swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, sweroside, isoorientin in Gentiana lawrencei from Qinghai province.

METHODThe RP-HPLC method was used. Chromatographic column was the Kromasil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm). The gradient elution solvent system was composed of acetonitrile (A) and (0.1% H3PO4) water (B). The ratio of acetonitrile was as follows: 0.00-27.00 min, 10% -17% (A); 27.00-45.00 min, 17% -33% (A); 45.01-55.00 min, 100%-100% (A). The detective wavelength was 240 nm; the flow rate was 1 mL x min(-1); column temperature was set at 25 degrees C.

RESULTSwertiamarin, gentiopicroside, sweroside and isoorientin were base-isolated. The method had good linearity within the ranges of 2.12-10.6 mg x mL(-1) for swertiamarin (r = 0.999 4), 2.46-12.3 g x L(-1) for gentiopicroside (r = 0.999 7), 2.47-12.4 g x L(-1) for sweroside (r = 0.999 2) and 0.309-1.54 mg x mL(-1) for isoorientin (r = 0.999 5).

CONCLUSIONThe method is rapid, precise and repeatable, can be applied to control the quality of G. lawrencei.

China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Gentiana ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study seed biological characteristics of Gentiana crassicaulis.

METHODThe samples were collected from five localities, and the morphological observation, germination test and viability TTC test were carried out.

RESULTThe seed morphological characters of all samples were similar to each other. The viability of all samples was similar to each other, but the germination rate of wild seed was the highest in all samples after stored for 8 months. Also, the seed energy of wild seed and sample 2008XR02 was higher than other three samples. There was no obvious correlation between thousand seed weight and germination rate.

CONCLUSIONThe quality of wild seed and sample 2008XR02 was superior than that of the other three samples. The results can be used for basic data of in situ conservation and germplasm breeding of G. crassicaulis.

Gentiana ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development ; Germination ; physiology ; Seasons ; Seeds ; anatomy & histology ; growth & development

Based on the approaches of TLC identification, HPLC for assaying managiferin, and of the determination of water, total ash and acid-insoluble ash in 12 samples, collected from southwest of China, the quality standard of Gentiana rhodantha has been established. The results show the reference materia medica and mangiferin can be both well used as reference substances for TLC identification; the mass fractions of mangiferin is 0.7%-4.4% (average 2.8%), water 6.1%-8.6% (average 7.2%), total ash 3.7%-10.8% (average 6.6%) and acid-insoluble ash 0.2%-2.7% (average 1.3%). The recommended standards of quantitative indexes are that the mass fractions of mangiferin is not less than 2.0%, and the water, total ash and acid-insoluble ash are not more than 9.0%, 8.0% and 3.0% respectively.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Thin Layer ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Gentiana ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVETo find the patterns of the rDNA ITS sequence variation in Gentiana, and establish the molecular biological method for the identification of the four kinds wild Gentiana from different regions in Gansu.

METHODThe ITS gene fragments were PCR amplified and sequenced. The rDNA ITS regions were analyzed by means of the software of Clustal X, MEGA3.

RESULTThe Complete ITS sequence of G. macrophylla, G. straminea, G. dahurica and G. officinale was 800 bp. The sequences of ITS1, ITS2 and 5.8S were 290, 340, 170 bp, respectively. Phylogenetic tree based on ITS1 and ITS2 sequences data was constrcuted by Neighbor-joining method.

CONCLUSIONITS sequence could be as the evidence for the molecular authentication of Gentiana.

DNA, Plant ; chemistry ; DNA, Ribosomal ; chemistry ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; chemistry ; Gentiana ; genetics ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Gentiana veitchiorum.

METHODThe chemical constituents were isolated by chromatography and identified by spectral data.

RESULTFive glycosides, loganic acid (1), gentiopicroside (2), isoorientin 3'-methyl ether (3), isovitexin (4), isoorientin (5) were isolated and identified.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Apigenin ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Gentiana ; chemistry ; Glucosides ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; Iridoid Glucosides ; Iridoids ; chemistry