PURPOSE: To evaluate changes in muscle length when retracting the extraocular rectus muscle with muscle hooks during strabismus surgery. METHODS: Forty-four rectus muscles of 42 patients consecutively resected in two hospitals (A, B) were included in this study. After isolation of the rectus muscle, the length of the muscle was recorded and the portion to be resected was marked using gentian violet stain on the tip of calipers. After the rectus muscle was retracted with two muscle hooks in either direction, its length was measured again with the calipers. RESULTS: The length of the rectus muscle was not changed by retraction in 25 of 44 muscles (56.8%). The length of the muscle was changed by 0.5 mm in 13 muscles (29.5%) and by 1mm in six muscles (13.6%). Changes of rectus muscle length over 0.5 mm were observed in 15 of 27 muscles of patients treated at hospital A (55.5%) and four of 17 muscles of patients treated at hospital B (23.5%). The results for the two hospitals were significantly different (p=0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Small errors in measurement can occur when muscle resections are performed during strabismus surgery. Institutional or clinician related factors may explain variations in error rates between hospitals.
Gentian Violet ; Humans ; Muscles ; Strabismus ; Traction

PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of the change in medial rectus resection amount caused by traction with muscle hooks on surgical results in exotropia. METHODS: In this prospective study 38 exotropia patients underwent unilateral lateral rectus recession-medial rectus resection (R & R). After isolation of the medial rectus muscle, the length of the muscle was measured with a muscle hook, and the portion to be resected was marked using gentian violet stain with calipers. After the medial rectus was retracted with two muscle hooks in either direction, its length was measured again with the calipers. Group 1 includes the patients with the planned resection amount changed to a more 0.5-1.0 mm when the rectus muscle was retracted, while group 2 did not change with the second muscle hook. The surgical results were compared between the 2 groups at postoperative 6 months. RESULTS: Mean resection amount was changed from 5.07 +/- 0.76 mm to 5.36 +/- 0.73 mm after pulling the second muscle hook. Sixteen patients (42.1%) were included in group 1 and 22 patients (57.9%) in group 2. There was no significant statistical difference in mean preoperative and postoperative deviated angle between the two groups. Success rates defined as the ocular alignment within +/- 10 PD in the primary position at postoperative 6 months were 75.0% in group 1 and 86.3% in group 2, which is not stastistically different (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Medial rectus resection amounts can be changed with the muscle traction with two muscle hooks, which induced the planned amount of resection less than first measured resection amount. However, there was little influence on surgical outcomes from the change occurred to a maximum 1 mm in resection measurement due to traction with two muscle hooks.
Exotropia ; Gentian Violet ; Humans ; Muscles ; Prospective Studies ; Strabismus ; Traction

Green nail syndrome is characterized by greenish discoloration of the nail. It is caused by Pseudomas aeruginosa which is an aerobic gram-negative rod found in moist environment. The most common predisposing factors are frequent exposure to water and trauma history. Herein, we report two cases of green nail syndrome who developed greenish discoloration of finger nails, which were treated by systemic levofloxacin and gentian violet application.
Causality ; Fingers ; Gentian Violet ; Levofloxacin ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Water

No abstract available.
Bandages* ; Gentian Violet* ; Gentiana* ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus* ; Wounds and Injuries*

PURPOSE: This in vitro study was performed to assess the adherence of Porphyromonas gingivalis to a resorbable blast media (RBM) titanium surface pretreated with an ultrasonic scaler or toothbrush and to evaluate the effects of the treatment of the RBM titanium discs on the bacterial removal efficiency of brushing by crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy. METHODS: RBM titanium discs were pretreated with one of several ultrasonic scaler tips or cleaned with a toothbrush. Then the titanium discs were incubated with P. gingivalis and the quantity of adherent bacteria was compared. The disc surfaces incubated with bacteria were brushed with a toothbrush with dentifrice. Bacteria remaining on the disc surfaces were quantified. RESULTS: A change in morphology of the surface of the RBM titanium discs after different treatments was noted. There were no significant differences in the adherence of bacteria on the pretreated discs according to the treatment modality. Pretreatment with various instruments did not produce significant differences in the bacterial removal efficiency of brushing with dentifrice. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limits of this study, various types of mechanical instrumentation were shown to cause mechanical changes on the RBM titanium surface but did not show a significant influence on the adherence of bacteria and removal efficiency of brushing.
Bacteria ; Dental Scaling ; Dentifrices ; Gentian Violet ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Porphyromonas gingivalis ; Surface Properties ; Titanium* ; Toothbrushing ; Ultrasonics*

Using the 15 strains of Vibrio eulnificus isolated from the blood and tissue fluid of the patients with primary septicemia, cultural characteristics were studied on various media. The media to be used in culturing Vibrio vulnificus should contain sodium chloride, because it could not survive on the media without NaCl. The organism grew poorly or not at all on the media with eosin-y, methylene blue, crystal violet, or azide, because these substances suppress its growth. Vibrio vulnificus grew well in the enrichment media such as brain heart infusion, tryptic soy broth, and nutrient broth with 0. 5% NaCl.
Brain ; Cultural Characteristics* ; Gentian Violet ; Heart ; Humans ; Methylene Blue ; Sepsis ; Sodium Chloride ; Vibrio vulnificus* ; Vibrio*

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the adhesion to acrylic resin specimens and biofilm formation capability of Candida albicans strains isolated from HIV positive subjects' oral rinse solutions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The material tested was a heat-cured acrylic resin (Acron Duo). Using the adhesion and crystal violet assays, 14 oral Candida albicans isolated from HIV-positive subjects and 2 references Candida strains (C. albicans ATCC 90028 and C. albicans ATCC 90128) were compared for their biofilm production and adhesion properties to acrylic surfaces in vitro. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in adhesion (P=.52) and biofilm formation assays (P=.42) by statistical analysis with Mann-Whitney test. CONCLUSION: Denture stomatitis and increased prevalence of candidal carriage in HIV infected patients is unlikely to be related to the biofilm formation and adhesion abilities of C. albicans to acrylic resin materials.
Biofilms ; Candida albicans* ; Candida* ; Gentian Violet ; HIV* ; Humans ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Prevalence ; Stomatitis, Denture

PURPOSE: To investigate the percentage of colonies with 16 or more cells distribution of human skin fibroblast according to in vitro aging, and to evaluate the relationship between percentage of colonies with 16 or more cells and in vivo donor age in human skin fibroblast culture. MATERIAL AND METHOD: C1, C2, C3a, and C3b human skin fibroblast samples from three breast cancer patients were used as subjects. The C1, C2, and C3a donor were 44, 54, and 55 years old, respectively. C3a and C3b cells were isolated from the same person. Single cell suspension of skin fibroblasts was prepared with primary explant technique. One hundred cells are plated into 100ml tissue culture flask and cultured for two weeks. The colony size was defined as colonies with 16 or more cells. The cultured cell was stained with crystal violet, and number of cells in each colony was determined with stereo microscope at x10 magnification. Passage number of C1, C2, C3a and C3b skin fibroblast were 12th, 17th, and 14th, respectively. RESULTS: Percentage of colonies with 16 or more cells of skin fibroblast samples decreased with increasing in vitro passage number. In contrast, cumulative population doublings of skin fibroblast sample increased with increasing in vitro passage number. Percentage of colonies with 16 or more cells also decreased with increasing population doublings in human skin fibroblast culture. There was strong correlation with percentage of colonies with 16 or more cells and population doublings in C3a skin fibroblast sample. At the same point of population doublings, the percentage of colonies with 16 or more cells of the young C1 donor was higher level than the old C3a donor. CONCLUSION: The population doublings increased with increasing in vitro passage number but percentage of colonies with 16 or more cells decreased. The results of this study imply that percentage of colonies with 16 or more cells is useful as a indicator of in vitro human skin fibroblast aging and may estimate the in vivo donor age.
Aging* ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cells, Cultured ; Fibroblasts* ; Gentian Violet ; Humans* ; Middle Aged ; Skin* ; Tissue Donors

Amyloid may involve the conjunctiva without deposits of the skin of the eyelid in primary localized amyloidosis, but extremely rare in primary systemic amyloidosis. We describe the clinicopathologic features of a case of primary systemic amyloidosis which invloved the conjunctiva and larynx. A 58-years-old woman presented a conjuctival mass of the left eye. Slit lamp microscopy showed a pinkish, flat elevated mass on the bulbar conjunctiva, fornix, and upper tarsal conjunctiva. There was no history of antecedent ocular or systemic diseases. She had undergone total laryngectomy for laryngeal amyloidosis. Microscopically, a pale amorphous eosinophilic material was deposited in the subcojunctival tissue. The deposit showed metachromasia with crystal violet, and dichroism and birefringence in polarized light following Congo red staining. Electron microscopically amyloid was comprised of linear add non-branching fibrils, which were about 11nm in width.
Amyloid ; Amyloidosis* ; Birefringence ; Congo Red ; Conjunctiva* ; Eosinophils ; Eyelids ; Female ; Gentian Violet ; Humans ; Laryngectomy ; Larynx ; Microscopy ; Skin

Primary localized amyloidosis has been called Lichen Amyloidosis. It is a very rare cutaneous disorder in Korea. Case 1: A 55 year old man had a large number of lichenoid firm eruption of 16 years duration on the lower legs. He complained of severe itching. Histologic examination showed amylaid masses in the papillary bodies 'in special staining. Case 2: A man aged 44, had a pruritic verrucous eruption on the lower legs. The lesions extended with severe itching to entire tibial aspect. Histologically, amyloid masses in the upper dermis showed metachromasia with methyl violet and crysta] violet, and PAS staining was positive. Two cases of Lichen Amyloidosis are reported with clinical and histoIogical characteristics
Amyloid ; Amyloidosis* ; Dermis ; Gentian Violet ; Humans ; Korea ; Leg ; Lichens* ; Middle Aged ; Pruritus ; Viola