OBJECTIVETo study the protective effect of local gene therapy with adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) on the function and morphology of the cochlea of guinea pigs with gentamicin-induced hearing loss.

METHODSHearing loss was induced with gentamicin (80 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) injected intramuscularly) in 18 pigmented guinea pigs 4 days prior to gene transfer. The guinea pigs were then divided into groups A, B, and C for AAV-mediated NT-3 gene transfer (n=7), AAV infection (n=7) or no particular intervention (n=4), respectively. Mini-Osmotic pump were implanted in either side of the ears in groups A and B, and the guinea pigs were injected with gentamicin (80 mg.kg(-1).day(-1)) intramuscularly since the operation day for 10 consecutive days. In group C, only gentamicin was administrated. Before and 14 days after gentamicin administration, auditory brainstem response audiometry (ABR) and distort-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) were recorded, and the animals sacrificed to observe the morphological changes of the cochlear microscopically.

RESULTSCompared with groups B and C, the animals in group A showed better auditory ability (ABR and DPOAE) and significantly higher surviving rate of the outer hair cells (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONAAV-mediated NT-3 gene transfer may protect and repair the cochlear hair cells and auditory function damaged by aminoglycoside ototoxicity in guinea pigs, and aseptic procedure is of vital importance in cochlear local gene therapy.

Animals ; Cochlea ; physiopathology ; Dependovirus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Therapy ; Gentamicins ; adverse effects ; Guinea Pigs ; Hearing Loss ; chemically induced ; therapy ; Neurotrophin 3 ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo explore an effective method for treating Gentamicin-induced deafness and the mechanism.

METHODSGuinea pigs were randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control group (group A), model group (group B), Ligustrazine group (group C), acupuncture group (group D) and Ligustrazine plus acupuncture group (group E). The group C, D and E were treated respectively by simple Ligustrazine, simple acupuncture at "Tinggong" (SI 19), "Yifeng" (TE 17), and "Waiguan" (TE 5), and Ligustrazine plus acupuncture. Ten days later, the auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds for the wave III , apoptosis and expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in the organ of Corti of the guinea pig were detected.

RESULTSIn the group E, the ABR threshold was significantly lower than that in the group C (P<0.05), and apoptotic cells, the expression of Bax protein and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 were lower than those in the group C and D in the organ of Corti, and Bcl-2 protein expression was increased.

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture at "Tinggong" (SI 19), "Yifeng" (TE 17), and "Waiguan" (TE 5) has a certain target-synergistic action on Ligustrazine and can increase therapeutic effect of Ligustrazine on Gentamicin-induced deafness, which are possible related with the inhibition of apoptosis, down-regulation of Bax expression and up-regulation of Bcl-2 expression.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; toxicity ; Deafness ; chemically induced ; therapy ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; drug effects ; Female ; Gentamicins ; toxicity ; Guinea Pigs ; Male ; Pyrazines ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic effect of local antibiotic injection into the female prostate on female urethral syndrome (FUS), and search for an effective treatment for this disease.

METHODSThis study included 163 FUS patients treated in the out-patient department between July 2009 and December 2010. According to the visiting order, the patients were randomly assigned to Groups A (n = 58), B (n = 55) and C (n = 50). All underwent routine treatment. Inaddition Group A received local injection of 2 ml of 80 000 U gentamycin + 2 ml of lidocaine, and Group B 2 ml of normal saline + 2 ml of lidocaine, both injected into the distal segment of the urethral back wall where the female prostate is located, twice a week for 3 weeks. The therapeutic effects were evaluated according to the changes of the patients' independent symptom scores at 2 and 4 weeks after the treatment. Disappearance of the symptoms was considered as "curative" , > 1/2 reduction in the symptom score as "obviously effective", 1/2 - > 1/4 reduction in the symptom score as "effective", and < 1/4 reduction or increase in the symptom score as "ineffective".

RESULTSAt 2 weeks after the treatment, the total effectiveness rate was significantly higher in Group A (77.5%) than in B (67.3%) and C (68.0%) (P < 0.05), but with no statistically significant difference between B and C (P > 0.05). At 4 weeks, the total effectiveness rate of Group A was slightly decreased, but still remarkably higher than that of group B or C (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONLocal injection of gentamycin into the female prostate is effective for the treatment of female urethral syndrome.

Administration, Topical ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Gentamicins ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Injections ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Urethral Diseases ; drug therapy ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of small dose of intratympanic gentamicin injection on intractable Meniere's disease. METHOD: Retrospectively study the efficacy of gentamicin intratympanic injection on intractable Meniere's disease. The end-point of treatment was determined based on bedside tests (Spontaneous Nystagmus test, Head shaking test and Head Thrust test), hearing tests, or the improvement of patients symptoms. RESULT: Nineteen patients with Meniere's disease were treated with intratympanic gentamicin injection. Vertigo control was achieved in 17 patients (89%). Of them, vertigo of 5 patients was successfully controlled after single injection. Eight patients need double injections and 4 patients need the third injections to control the vertigo. Endolymphatic sac shunt was performed to 1 patient because he could not tolerate the fullness of ear due to injection. The remainder 2 patients with double injections showed no improvement of vertigo and rejected further treatment. Hearing was improved in two patients after gentamicin injection. Three patients complained of hearing loss after intratympanic gentamicin injection. The hearing of the other patients did not change. CONCLUSION Three weeks after using small dose of gentamicin intratympanic injection to treat intractable Meniere's disease, it was determined whether more injections is required. The results showed that by using this approach, the vertigo could be effectively controlled and the risk of hearing loss following intratympanic gentamicin injection could be reduced.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Ear, Middle ; Female ; Gentamicins ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Meniere Disease ; complications ; drug therapy ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Vertigo ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) was usually used to prevent periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in primary total knee arthroplasty (PTKA), but whether to use ALBC or plain bone cement in PTKA remains unclear. We aimed to compare the occurrence rate of PJI using two different cements, and to investigate the efficacy of different antibiotic types and doses administered in preventing surgical site infection (SSI) with ALBC. METHODS: The availability of ALBC for preventing PJI was evaluated by using a systematic review and meta-analysis referring to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Existing articles until December 2021 involving PTKA patients with both ALBC and plain bone cement cohorts were scanned by searching "total knee arthroplasty", "antibiotic-loaded cement", "antibiotic prophylaxis", "antibiotic-impregnated cement" and "antibiotic-laden cement" in the database of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library. Subgroup analysis included the effectiveness of different antibiotic types and doses in preventing SSI with ALBC. The modified Jadad scale was employed to score the qualities of included articles. RESULTS: Eleven quantitative studies were enrolled, including 34,159 knees undergoing PTKA. The meta-analysis results demonstrated that the use of prophylactic ALBC could significantly reduce the prevalence of deep incisional SSI after PTKA, whereas there was no significant reduction in the rate of superficial incisional SSI. Moreover, gentamicin-loaded cement was effective in preventing deep incisional SSI, and the use of high-dose ALBC significantly reduced the rate of deep incisional SSI after PTKA. Besides, no significant adverse reactions and complications were stated during the use of ALBC in PTKA. CONCLUSION The preventive application of ALBC during PTKA could reduce the rates of deep PJI. Furthermore, bone cement containing gentamicin and high-dose ALBC could even better prevent deep infection after PTKA. However, the existing related articles are mostly single-center and retrospective studies, and further high-quality ones are needed for confirmation.
Humans ; Bone Cements ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee/methods* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use* ; Prosthesis-Related Infections/etiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Arthritis, Infectious/etiology* ; Gentamicins ; Surgical Wound Infection/drug therapy*

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; Bartonella henselae ; isolation & purification ; Cat-Scratch Disease ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Gentamicins ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Zoonoses

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (previously named Xanthomonas maltophilia) is an aerobic, non-fermentive, Gram-negative bacillus that is wide spread in the environment. It was considered to be an organism with limited pathogenic potential, which was rarely capable of causing diseases in human other than those who were in debilitated or immunocompromised state. More recent studies have established that Stenotrophomonas maltophilia can behave as a true pathogen. Endocarditis due to this organism is rare, and only 24 cases of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia endocarditis have been reported in the medical literature. Most cases were associated with risk factors, including intravenous drug abuse, dental treatment, infected intravenous devices, and previous cardiac surgery. We present a case with two episodes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia endocarditis after mitral valve prosthesis implantation, which was treated with antibiotics initially, and a combination of antibiotics and surgery later. To our knowledge, this is the first case of repetitive endocarditis due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*therapeutic use ; Bioprosthesis/adverse effects/*microbiology ; Endocarditis, Bacterial/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Gentamicins/therapeutic use ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Heart Valve Prosthesis/adverse effects/*microbiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve ; Recurrence ; Stenotrophomonas maltophilia/*drug effects ; Treatment Outcome ; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination/*therapeutic use ; Vancomycin/therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of retention enema with combination of Chinese and Western drugs in treating chronic ulcerative colitis (CUC).

METHODSThe therapeutic effects of retention enema with combination of Chinese and Western drugs (as tested group) and with Western drugs alone (as control group) were compared in a randomized controlled trial.

RESULTSThe total effective rate of clinical curative in the tested group and the control group was 96.7% and 73.3% respectively, the difference between them was significant (chi2 = 4.71, P < 0.05). Statistical difference in comparing pre- and post-treatment condition and comparing between groups was shown in comparison of symptoms, scores of endoscopic picture (except that of polypus), and routine examination of stool (except pus cell number, all P < 0.05). The total recurrence rate of the tested group was 33.3% and the control group 60.0%, the difference between them was significant (chi2 = 4.286, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONRetention enema with combination of Chinese and Western drugs has good curative effects in treating CUC.

Administration, Rectal ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; drug therapy ; Dexamethasone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Gentamicins ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Treatment Outcome

Since microbial gene sequencing was utilized for etiologic diagnosis of culture-negative endocarditis, cases of Bartonella endocarditis have been reported in various countries. Herein we report the first case of Bartonella quintana endocarditis, which was confirmed for the first time in Korea by 16S rRNA gene sequencing from the excised valve. A 75-yr-old woman was hospitalized due to dyspnea. Echocardiography demonstrated large oscillating vegetation at the aortic valve. Blood culture was negative. She underwent valve replacement and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene from excised valve identified Bartonella quintana. She was successfully treated with combined use of ceftriaxone and gentamicin.
Aged, 80 and over ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Aortic Valve/pathology ; Bartonella quintana/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Dyspnea/etiology ; Echocardiography ; Endocarditis, Bacterial/*diagnosis/drug therapy/microbiology ; Female ; Gentamicins/therapeutic use ; Humans ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Republic of Korea ; Sequence Analysis, RNA

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Ceftazidime ; therapeutic use ; Cross Infection ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Escherichia coli Infections ; epidemiology ; Gentamicins ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; India ; epidemiology ; Klebsiella Infections ; epidemiology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Proteus Infections ; epidemiology ; Pseudomonas Infections ; epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Tract Infections ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; microbiology