Genomics ; methods ; Humans ; Microbiology

Survival analysis mainly deals with the time to event, including death, onset of disease, and bankruptcy. The common characteristic of survival analysis is that it contains “censored” data, in which the time to event cannot be completely observed, but instead represents the lower bound of the time to event. Only the occurrence of either time to event or censoring time is observed. Many traditional statistical methods have been effectively used for analyzing survival data with censored observations. However, with the development of high-throughput technologies for producing “omics” data, more advanced statistical methods, such as regularization, should be required to construct the predictive survival model with high-dimensional genomic data. Furthermore, machine learning approaches have been adapted for survival analysis, to fit nonlinear and complex interaction effects between predictors, and achieve more accurate prediction of individual survival probability. Presently, since most clinicians and medical researchers can easily assess statistical programs for analyzing survival data, a review article is helpful for understanding statistical methods used in survival analysis. We review traditional survival methods and regularization methods, with various penalty functions, for the analysis of high-dimensional genomics, and describe machine learning techniques that have been adapted to survival analysis.
Bankruptcy ; Genomics ; Machine Learning ; Methods ; Survival Analysis

With technological advances in high-throughput sequencing, high resolution mass-spectrometry, and multi-omics data integrative tools and data repositories, the omics research in life sciences are evolving from single-omics strategy to multi-omics strategy. The research of system biology driven by multi-omics will bring a new paradigm in life sciences. This paper briefly summarizes the development of genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics, highlights the composition and function of multi-omics platforms as well as the applications of multi-omics technology, and prospects future applications of multi-omics in synthetic biology and biomedicine.
Genomics ; Proteomics/methods* ; Metabolomics/methods* ; Epigenomics/methods* ; Technology

Biomarkers ; analysis ; Genomics ; methods ; trends ; Humans ; Preventive Medicine ; methods ; trends

RNA interference (RNAi) is the sequence-specific gene silencing induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Being a highly specific and efficient knockdown technique, RNAi not only provides a powerful tool for functional genomics but also holds a promise for gene therapy. The key player in RNAi is small RNA (~22-nt) termed siRNA. Small RNAs are involved not only in RNAi but also in basic cellular processes, such as developmental control and heterochromatin formation. The interesting biology as well as the remarkable technical value has been drawing widespread attention to this exciting new field.
Animals ; Gene Therapy/*methods/trends ; *Genomics ; Human ; *RNA Interference

Genome, Human ; Genomics ; Humans ; Leukemia ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis ; methods

Animals ; Exobiology ; methods ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Genomics ; Humans ; Space Flight

Studying the literature of blood stasis syndrome (BSS), we reviewed the research course and the perspective of molecular regulation network and BSS. The essence study of BSS was firstly proposed by Chen Ke-ji and Wang Jie, and developed for more than thirty years. The course for BSS study mainly included the formulation of BSS diagnostic standard, the establishment of BSS animal model, pedigree methods, twins combined clinical epidemiological survey of BSS research, the four "zu" subjects combined molecular regulation network of BSS, signal transduction system network and BSS research, and so on. Along with a new sequencing approach in basic research, clinical diagnostics, and drug development, we are promising to see the whole gene network research of human diseases, such as metabolic disease, cancer, and etc. These achievements could provide a new way of thinking for further studying the essence of BSS.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Genomics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

Bipolar Disorder ; genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Genomics ; methods ; Humans

In the post-genomic era, biological studies are characterized by the rapid development and wide application of a series of "omics" technologies, including genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, lipidomics, cytomics, metallomics, ionomics, interactomics, and phenomics. These "omics" are often based on global analyses of biological samples using high through-put analytical approaches and bioinformatics and may provide new insights into biological phenomena. In this paper, the development and advances in these omics made in the past decades are reviewed, especially genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics; the applications of omics technologies in pharmaceutical research are then summarized in the fields of drug target discovery, toxicity evaluation, personalized medicine, and traditional Chinese medicine; and finally, the limitations of omics are discussed, along with the future challenges associated with the multi-omics data processing, dynamics omics analysis, and analytical approaches, as well as amenable solutions and future prospects.
Biomedical Research ; methods ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genomics ; Metabolomics ; Pharmacology ; Proteomics