A radical hysterectomy was performed on patients with stage IA2 to IIB cervical cancer. For these patients, many histopathological parameters have been reported to be prognostic factors of cervical cancer, such as a pelvic lymph node (PLN) metastasis, the histological subtype, the tumor diameter, the depth of the stromal invasion, a lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI), a parametrial invasion, a corpus invasion and a vaginal invasion. Ovarian cancer is normally treated with cytoreductive surgery followed by chemotherapy. Although physicians have paid a great deal of attention to intraperitoneal disease, a substantial number of ovarian cancers have reported to involve the retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Therefore, a lymph node metastasis has been introduced into FIGO staging. However, the prognostic significance of a lymph node metastasis is controversial. In order to determine the possibility of individualizing a pelvic lymph node (PLN) dissection in patients with endometrial cancer, the relationship between PLN metastasis and the various prognostic factors was investigated. In this paper, various prognostic variables including a lymph node metastasis were analyzed in cervical cancer, enodometrial cancer, and ovarian cancer.
Cervix Neoplasms/pathology ; Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology ; Female ; Genital Neoplasms, Female/*pathology ; Human ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology

Fourier transformation infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR-MSP) mapping technique can collect the infrared information from micro-samples and scan the tissue slides and cells. The infrared spectral information of pixels from the collected regions is recorded and infrared spectral maps are constructed by computer software. The 2D and 3D mapping images are reflected based on the distributions of absorbance bands. The biochemical compositions, molecular distribution, metabolic changes of tissues and cells are analyzed by the technique due to infrared spectroscopy being sensitive to biomolecules. The article reviews the recent research of FTIR-MSP mapping and explores the future potential value in forensic science practice.
Cervix Uteri/pathology* ; Female ; Forensic Pathology/methods* ; Genital Diseases, Female/pathology* ; Humans ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology*

Endometrial Hyperplasia ; genetics ; pathology ; Female ; Genital Neoplasms, Female ; genetics ; pathology ; Humans ; Tandem Repeat Sequences ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; etiology

Female ; Genital Neoplasms, Female ; classification ; pathology ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; pathology ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Precancerous Conditions ; pathology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; pathology ; virology ; World Health Organization

No abstract available.
Asia ; China ; Female ; *Genital Neoplasms, Female ; *Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Laparotomy ; *Medical Oncology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology/*surgery ; Republic of Korea

OBJECTIVETo investigate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of the atypical leiomyoma in the female reproductive system in comparison with the pathological features of the neoplasms.

METHODSA retrospective analysis of the MRI findings and the pathological features was conducted in 24 cases of atypical leiomyoma involving the female reproductive system.

RESULTSAtypical leiomyomas were displayed by MRI as solid tumor mass surrounded by cystic degeneration, pseudotumors, or solid mass with homogeneous signal intensity. Intrauterine lesions were found in 19 cases, involving the subserosal layer (n=11), intramural region (n=4), broad ligament (n=3), cervix (n=2), submucous layer (n=2), vagina (n=1), and the ovary (n=1). Except for two cases with submucous lesions shown as solid mass, all the cases had lesions appearing as solid cystic mass, whose solid part showed hypo or isointense signals on T1WI and moderate hyperintense signals on T2WI, with heterogeneous enhancement after contrast agent injection. Tumor cell and interstitial cell swelling, vascular hyalinosis, hyalinosis, myxoedema, cystic degeneration, and hemorrhage were found in the lesions.

CONCLUSIONLeiomyoma can occur at almost any site in the female reproductive system, and atypical leiomyoma usually are shown as solid cystic mixed mass in the pelvic cavity. Evaluation of the relationship between the solid mass and cystic portion and observation for the presence of low signal on T2WI may help in the diagnosis of atypical leiomyoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Genital Neoplasms, Female ; pathology ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterine Neoplasms ; pathology ; Young Adult

To reduce extensive radical procedures and decrease morbidity in gynecologic malignancies, much effort is being focused on implementing less aggressive interventions. Two different approaches such as lymphatic mapping and lymphoscintigraphy are currently used to identify sentinel lymph nodes. In vulvar and cervical carcinomas, metastatic spread of disease commonly follows stepwise progressive drainage. Thus, sentinel lymph node identification may significantly reduce the number of patients undergoing unnecessary, extensive lymphadenectomy in the absence of metastatic disease. The addition of novel techniques, such as histopathologic ultrastaging, step sectioning, and immunohistochemistry staining, will help increase the accuracy and rate of detection of the disease. Any definitive statements can be made to the validity of sentinel lymphadenectomy until we got data with long-term follow-up.
Endometrial Neoplasms ; pathology ; Female ; Genital Neoplasms, Female ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; methods ; Lymph Nodes ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; pathology ; Vaginal Neoplasms ; pathology ; Vulvar Neoplasms ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical characteristics, results of treatment, and prognostic factors of patients diagnosed as having primary female genital system lymphoma (PFGSL).

METHODSTwenty-eight cases of PFGSL were retrospectively surveyed and the clinical data of the patients were analyzed by statistic software package of SPSS10.0 for relation between clinical stage, grade, pathologic feature, treatment and prognosis.

RESULTSThe median age was 44 in the cohort. It mainly involved cervix uterus, ovary and vulva. The disease had a broad range of pathologic type and 20 patients were diagnosed as suffering from B-cell by immunophenotyping, 4 patients were diagnosed as T-cell and 4 patients lesions were indefinite. According to International Working Formulation (IWF), 66.7% belonged to the intermediate-grade. The Ann Arbor stage included: Stage I(E)-12 pts (42.86%), Stage II(E)-3 pts (10.7%), Stage III(E)-1 pts (3.6%) and Stage IV-12 pts (42.86%). According to International Prognostic Index (IPI), 10 were low risk, 9 low-medium risk, 3 medium-high risk and 6 high risk, The median follow-up of the surviving patients was 2.0 years (range: 3 months-17 years), The 5-year overall survival rate was 39.3%. Most patients were given comprehensive treatment without any mode showing significant advantage over the others in survival (P = 0.2554), The involved organs, Ann Arbor stage, IWF and also IPI were significant prognostic factors for survival,

CONCLUSIONThe management of PFGSL should be based on comprehensive treatment including chemotherapy as the chief means. The significant prognostic factors of survival is Ann Arbor stage, IPI, IWF and the kind of involved organs.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Female ; Genital Neoplasms, Female ; mortality ; pathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; mortality ; pathology ; therapy ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

In 2014, 9 topics were selected as major advances in clinical research for gynecologic oncology: 2 each in cervical and corpus cancer, 4 in ovarian cancer, and 1 in breast cancer. For cervical cancer, several therapeutic agents showed viable antitumor clinical response in recurrent and metastatic disease: bevacizumab, cediranib, and immunotherapies including human papillomavirus (HPV)-tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and Z-100. The HPV test received FDA approval as the primary screening tool of cervical cancer in women aged 25 and older, based on the results of the ATHENA trial, which suggested that the HPV test was a more sensitive and efficient strategy for cervical cancer screening than methods based solely on cytology. For corpus cancers, results of a phase III Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) 249 study of early-stage endometrial cancer with high-intermediate risk factors are followed by the controversial topic of uterine power morcellation in minimally invasive gynecologic surgery. Promising results of phase II studies regarding the effectiveness of olaparib in various ovarian cancer settings are summarized. After a brief review of results from a phase III study on pazopanib maintenance therapy in advanced ovarian cancer, 2 outstanding 2014 ASCO presentations cover the topic of using molecular subtypes in predicting response to bevacizumab. A review of the use of opportunistic bilateral salpingectomy as an ovarian cancer preventive strategy in the general population is presented. Two remarkable studies that discussed the effectiveness of adjuvant ovarian suppression in premenopausal early breast cancer have been selected as the last topics covered in this review.
Biomedical Research/*trends ; Endometrial Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/surgery ; Female ; Genital Neoplasms, Female/diagnosis/*therapy ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/surgery ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/drug therapy/pathology/surgery

PURPOSE: This study was designed to construct and test a structural equation model on sexual function in women with gynecologic cancer. METHODS: The model was constructed and tested under the hypotheses that women's physical changes in sexual function after gynecologic cancer treatment did not automatically lead to sexual dysfunctions. Women's psychosocial factors were considered to be mediating variables. Two hundred twelve women with cervical, ovarian, and endometrial cancer were recruited and asked to complete a survey on their physical factors, psychosocial factors and sexual function. Data was analyzed using SPSS WIN 12.0 and Amos WIN 5.0. RESULTS: Predictors of sexual function in the final model were sexual attitude affected by physical distress and couple's age, sexual information affected by physical distress and couple's age, depression affected by physical distress, and marital intimacy affected by physical distress. Tumor stage and time since last treatment directly affected women's sexual function without any mediating psychosocial variables. However, body image did not affect women's sexual function. CONCLUSION: Nursing professionals should develop a tailored educational program integrating both physical and psychosocial aspects, and apply it to women and their spouses in order to promote sexual function in women with gynecologic cancer.
Adult ; Body Image ; Depression/psychology ; Female ; Genital Neoplasms, Female/pathology/*psychology ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; *Models, Psychological ; Neoplasm Staging ; Questionnaires ; Sexual Behavior/*psychology