Introduction: Aside from religious circumcisions, the indications for circumcision are few. However, in the cultural context, many patients are unnecessarily referred for circumcision for physiological phimosis (adhesions). Due to parental concerns and misperceptions by general practitioners, nonretractile prepuce is one of the most common indications for referral to a paediatric surgeon in many countries. This study aimed to determine whether preputial adhesiolysis successfully managed symptomatic non-retractile foreskin and therefore prevented the need for circumcision. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of the health records of children who presented with preputial adhesion. We included 65 symptomatic patients (ballooning of the prepuce in all cases and additional dysuria in three cases) who underwent preputial adhesiolysis. All cases were followed up for 2 years. Circumcision was subsequently carried out for patients who developed fibrous scarring resulting in difficult retraction due to the development of thick adhesions or skin fissuring with persistence of symptoms. Results: Of the 65 boys, 58 (89.2%) achieved complete retraction of the prepuce. The remaining 7 boys (10.8%) presented with recurring symptoms and thick fibrosed prepuce, and they underwent circumcision due to the dense adhesions. Histopathological examination of the circumcised prepuces revealed balanitis xerotica obliterans in two cases. Conclusion Preputial adhesiolysis is a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic preputial adhesions in boys younger than 5 years old. The procedure avoids circumcision and its associated risks. Preputial adhesiolysis should be offered as a primary treatment instead of circumcision.
Phimosis ; Circumcision, Male ; Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans

Cutaneous Diseases of the External Genitalia. The patients with cutaneous diseases of the external genitalia are usually concerned about a presence of sexually transmitted diseases, but other cutaneous diseases of inflammatory or autoimmune origin also present as cutaneous diseases of the external genitalia. The commonly found cutaneous diseases of the external genitalia are inflammatory diseases, such as contact dermatitis, psoriasis, Reiter's syndrome, Lichen planus, seborrheic dermatitis, balanitis, and balanoposthitis. Also sexually transmitted diseases are mainly composed of syphilis, genital herpes, lymphogranuloma venereum, condyloma, and molluscum contagiosum. The sexual partners of these sexually transmitted diseases need treatment at the same time. Fungal diseases, such as tinea and candidiasis also occur in genital areas and need careful diagnosis. Autoimmune diseases, such as Behcet's disease, also manifest as ulcerative lesions in the genital areas.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Balanitis ; Candidiasis ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Dermatitis, Seborrheic ; Genitalia ; Herpes Genitalis ; Humans ; Lichen Planus ; Lymphogranuloma Venereum ; Male ; Molluscum Contagiosum ; Psoriasis ; Sexual Partners ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Syphilis ; Tinea ; Ulcer

Recently, research on male reproductive ability brings along the concern on male reproductive health. At present time, the situation of reproductive health was not optimistic and many problems need to be solved. In this article, many important topics were included, such as the changing and the possible reasons of male reproductive health; much concern was needed for babies, children, and male juvenile; increasing tendency of the infection rates of male urogenital system; research on male infertility needed to be explored deeply; there was no satisfactory methods for male contraception; the diagnosis and treatment of male erectile dysfunction were not sufficient for the need; research on andropause was at the primary stage; life regime of men needed to be adjusted. Concerning for male reproductive health is the responsibility of both medical workers and whole society.
Contraceptive Devices, Male ; Genital Diseases, Male ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Reproductive Medicine ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are the most common group of identifiable infectious diseases in many countries. Adolescents and young adults (15-24 years old) comprise only 25% of the sexually active population but represent almost 50% of all newly acquired STDs. In a law for prevention of infectious diseases in Korea, STDs include syphilis, gonorrhea, chancroid, nongonococcal urethritis, clamydial infection, genital herpes, and genital wart. Bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis, candidiasis, amebiasis, scabies, phthiriasis, granuloma inguinale, AIDS, and high risk human papilloma virus are also included in the STDs. Individuals infected with STDs are 5-10 times more likely than uninfected individuals to acquire or transmit HIV through sexual contacts. Their control is important considering the high incidences of acute infections, complications, and sequelae, their socioeconomic impact, and their role in increasing transmission of the HIV. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the treatment and management of STDs on the basis of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention treatment guidelines for sexually transmitted diseases published in 2006.
Adolescent ; Amebiasis ; Candidiasis ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) ; Chancroid ; Communicable Diseases ; Condylomata Acuminata ; Gonorrhea ; Granuloma Inguinale ; Herpes Genitalis ; HIV ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Papilloma ; Scabies ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Syphilis ; Urethritis ; Vaginosis, Bacterial ; Viruses ; Young Adult

Balanitis xerotica obliterans is a condition of unknown etiology with a specific clinical and histological character. It is a condition affecting the glans penis and prepuce which Stuhmer in 1928 first reported as occurring predominantly in young men following circumcision for phimosis. We report an unusual case of balanitis xerotica obliterans which developed on penis with primary urethral stone
Balanitis Xerotica Obliterans* ; Balanitis* ; Circumcision, Male ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Penis ; Phimosis

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been widely used in various fields ever since it was first introduced for the treatment of urinary stones in 1983. Recent years see a growing application of ESWT to andrology. Studies show that ESWT can relieve pain in 83% of the patients with Peyronie's disease, and has won favorable comments from 66% of the patients. ESWT can significantly improve the sexual life quality of the patients with organic erectile dysfunction, yields good effect in the treatment of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis, especially in pain relief. ESWT has offered new ideas and options for the treatment of andrological diseases. However, its mechanisms have yet to be clarified by more in-depth basic studies and multi-centered, large-sample randomized controlled trials.
Erectile Dysfunction ; therapy ; Genital Diseases, Male ; therapy ; Humans ; Lithotripsy ; Male ; Penile Induration ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

ObjectiveHuman papilloma virus (HPV) is a necessary cause of cervical cancer and is also closely related to penile cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, and anal cancer in males. However, few studies are reported on male HPV. This study aimed to investigate HPV infection of the external genitalia in men whose female partners have cervical HPV infection.

METHODSWe collected the relevant data on the male outpatients whose partners had cervical HPV infection in our Department of Urology and Andrology from August to December 2016. We obtained samples with nylon swabs from the glans penis, corona, inner layer of the prepuce and penile body and detected different types of HPV infection using the Hybribio HPV typing kit, PCR and membrane hybridization.

RESULTSValid data were collected from 140 males, which showed 83.5% of HPV infection of the external genitalia, including 60 cases of HPV6 (43.2%), 27 cases of HPV16 (19.4%), 14 cases of HPV39 (10.1%), 13 cases of HPV18 (9.4%), 13 cases of HPV58 (9.4%), and 13 cases of HPV52 (9.4%). Redundant prepuce was found in 75.5% of the males, but there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of HPV infection between the normal and redundant prepuce groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSMen who have the female partners with positive cervical HPV are at high risk of HPV infection and therefore need to be screened and treated so as to reduce HPV infection in both sexes.

Female ; Foreskin ; virology ; Genital Diseases, Female ; virology ; Genital Diseases, Male ; virology ; Human papillomavirus 16 ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Papillomaviridae ; isolation & purification ; Papillomavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; Penile Neoplasms ; virology ; Penis ; abnormalities ; virology ; Phimosis ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sexual Partners ; Specimen Handling ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; virology

A clinical investigation was undertaken on Infertile males who seen our department during the period from 1978 to 1982. The results obtained sub as follows : 1. A total of 275 Infertile male corresponds to 1.8% of total male out-patients for the period of 5 years. 2. Numbers of Infertile male patients are increasing yearly. 3. Duration of infertile marital life ranged the mean being 3.8 years. It was 6.10% of the total infertile males that the patient had been visited psycho-dept because of neurosis(94%) 4. Susceptive etiological factors in the oligospermia, azoospermia are listed as follow : 1) epididymitis, 16.4% 2) cryptorchidism, 5.6% 3) Varicocele, 2.8% 4) Undetermined, 70.9% It was 35.9% of the total undetermined cases(l51 cases) that the past history of patient had suffered from prostatitis, urethritis. 6. Judging from the results of semen analysis(265 cases) is azoospermia was found in 21.5% oligospermia, in 58.5%, normospermia, in 20.0% 7. Findings of testicular biopsies of azoospermias(25 cases) showed that spermatogenic arrest was found in 32%, germ cell aplasia; in 24% hypospermatogenesis ; in 20% , peritubular or tubular fibrosis ; in 12%.
Azoospermia ; Biopsy ; Cryptorchidism ; Epididymitis ; Family Characteristics* ; Fibrosis ; Germ Cells ; Humans ; Infertility ; Male ; Oligospermia ; Outpatients ; Prostatitis ; Semen ; Spouses* ; Urethritis ; Varicocele

Yao medicine, with its long history and peculiar characteristics, has developed in the long practice of the Yao peoples fight against diseases. The past decade has seen frequent reports on the unique theories and techniques of Yao medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of andrological diseases. This paper reviews the original experiences of Yao medicine in the treatment of prostatitis, male infertility, male erectile dysfunction, and so on.
Erectile Dysfunction ; therapy ; Genital Diseases, Male ; therapy ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; therapy ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Prostatitis ; therapy

PURPOSE: Chlamydia trachomatis(CT) infection is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease. Because of vague symptoms and delayed diagnosis, untreated infection can be transmitted to sexual partners and progress to infertility, pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancy. Genotyping and serotyping for CT are very important to establish contact networks and for epidemiological and evolutionary studies. Cryptic plasmid and omp1 genes are targets for the detection of CT. Although the plasmid is a good target for amplification, it is very difficult to analyze sequences from the plasmid amplicons. The omp1 gene is an ideal target for sequence analysis because of large and publicized data deposits on the internet. However, very few studies have been published using a polymerase chain reaction(PCR) for the detection of the chlamydial omp1 gene in Korea. The purpose of this study was to detect CT infection with semi-nested amplification of the chlamydial omp1 gene. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Genomic DNA was extracted from the urethral swabs of 20 patients with urethritis or idiopathic chronic prostatitis, and from the vaginal swabs of 80 patients attending the gynecology clinic due to various vaginal symptoms. The primers were designed on omp1 genes from 12 CT and 2 sequences of lymphogranuloma venereum. The estimated products from the first and second rounds of PCR were 656 and 100 bp, respectively. RESULTS: With the 1st PCR bands there were confusing and non-specific bands, but all the specific PCR products from the 1st and 2nd amplifications with new primer sets were identified. CT was identified in 2 of 20 male patients (10%) and 4 of 80 female patients (5%). CONCLUSIONS: CT infections were detected from patients with semi-nested amplifications of the chlamydial omp1 gene. The semi-nested PCR method may be a more sensitive and specific test than first round PCR.
Chlamydia trachomatis* ; Chlamydia* ; Delayed Diagnosis ; DNA ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Infertility ; Internet ; Korea ; Lymphogranuloma Venereum ; Male ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Prostatitis ; Sequence Analysis ; Serotyping ; Sexual Partners ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Bacterial ; Urethritis