Abscess ; etiology ; Epididymitis ; complications ; Genital Diseases, Male ; etiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Scrotum ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the etiopathogenesis and management of seminal vesicle enlargement.

METHODSForty-six cases of seminal vesicle were selected, of which 36 were vesiculitis, treated by antibiotics through a catheter indwelt in the seminal vesicle for 1 week, 3 were cystic vesicular seminalis, given anti-inflammatory treatment by catheter administration and hydatid fluid inhalation, 1 was calculus at the orifice of the ejaculatory duct, taken out by transurethral resection of the verumontanum, 1 was polypous at the orifice of the verumontanum, removed by transurethral resection, 2 were posterior urethritis, treated by fulguration, and 3 were prostatic carcinoma, treated by radical prostatectomy and spermatocystotomy.

RESULTSHemospermia disappeared in 32 cases of vesiculitis during the 6-24 months follow-up, 4 cases experienced recurrent hemospermia 3 months after the treatment. No recurrence was observed in any other case of cystic vesicular seminalis, calculus, polypous, posterior urethritis and prostatic carcinoma.

CONCLUSIONSeminal vesicle enlargement has intricate etiopathogenesis, but can be treated with satisfactory results if managed properly.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genital Diseases, Male ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Seminal Vesicles ; pathology ; Treatment Outcome

A case is presented of Wegener's granulomatosis limited to the testis and epididymis, simultaneously, in a 69-year-old man. Orchiectomy was carried out through an inguinal incision under the presumptive diagnosis of a right testicular tumor. A hard, irregular mass occupied the upper testicle and a portion of the epididymal head was visualized. Histopathologic examination of the specimen showed granulomatous inflammation of the testis and epididymis with prominent angiocentric granulomata in the walls of arteries, veins and foci of fibrinoid necrosis, surrounded by palisading inflammatory cells with a few giant cells. The diagnosis of limited Wegener's granulomatosis was considered, although antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (c-ANCA) test was negative 2 weeks after orchiectomy. The patient showed an excellent response after local complete excision. He remains free of disease 18 months after orchiectomy.
Aged ; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic ; analysis ; Epididymis ; Genital Diseases, Male ; pathology ; surgery ; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Testicular Diseases ; pathology ; surgery

Objective: To search for an optimal strategy for the treatment of penile and scrotal gangrene by analyzing the clinical effect of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) as an adjuvant treatment on this disease. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 4 cases of penile and scrotal gangrene treated by VSD as an adjuvant treatment from January 2015 to June 2016. The 4 patients all underwent early extensive and radical debridement of gangrene of the scrotum and penis and received intravenous injection of two broad-spectrum antibiotics, followed by VSD for wound drainage and irrigation. RESULTS: Adequate wound drainage was achieved in all the 4 cases, the gangrene range rapidly localized and testicular necrosis avoided. The wound surface healed satisfactorily after cleansing and suturing. The patients were followed up for 3 months after discharged from the hospital and none experienced recurrence. CONCLUSIONS VSD combined with early adequate debridement can effectively localize the gangrene range, significantly reduce the frequency of changing dressings and shorten the hospitalization time of the patient, and therefore is a very effective adjuvant treatment of penile and scrotal gangrene.
Debridement ; Gangrene ; therapy ; Genital Diseases, Male ; pathology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; methods ; Penis ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Scrotum ; pathology ; Testis ; pathology ; Treatment Outcome ; Vacuum

OBJECTIVETo investigate the treatment of cystis vesicular seminalis induced by the obstruction of the distal end of the ejaculatory duct.

METHODSFrom November 2005 to December 2006,12 cases of cystis vesicular seminalis ( [2.3 +/- 1.1] cm) were diagnosed by semen analysis (as on the seminal volume, pH and fructose), transrectal palpation and ultrasonography. All cases were treated by transurethral incision or resection of the obstructive ejaculatory duct till milky semen discharged.

RESULTSThe cysts were significantly reduced ([1.0 +/- 0.8] cm, P < 0.05) in all the 12 cases and no complications were observed during the follow-up 1, 3 and 12 months later.

CONCLUSIONTransurethral electrotomy is a simple and effective method for the treatment of cystis vesicular seminalis induced by the obstruction of the ejaculatory duct.

Adult ; Cysts ; etiology ; surgery ; Ejaculatory Ducts ; pathology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genital Diseases, Male ; complications ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Seminal Vesicles ; pathology ; surgery ; Urethra ; surgery

We aimed to establish a novel rat model of seminal vesiculitis that would provide an effective approach to investigate the pathogenesis of this disease in the future. Eight male rats received the same operation, during which the root of one of the two seminal vesicles was partly ligatured with sutures and the other vesicle was left intact. The samples of seminal vesicles were harvested on the 8^th day following the operation. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome stains were used to observe the histopathology and the presence of fibrous tissue in seminal vesicles, respectively. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were applied to determine the tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cyclooxygenase-2 levels in seminal vesicle tissues. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure the gene expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines. H₂O₂levelsin the seminal plasma from the seminal vesicle were also measured. Hematoxylin and eosin staining suggested that there was inflammatory cell infiltration into the seminal vesicles treated by partial root ligation. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha and cyclooxygenase-2 proteins were significantly upregulated in the treated seminal vesicles. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha, cyclooxygenase, interleukin 6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA expression levels were also upregulated in the treated seminal vesicles. The H₂O₂ levels in the seminal plasma from seminal vesicles with partial root ligation were significantly elevated compared with those from vesicle left intact. In conclusion, partially ligating the root of the seminal vesicle via sutures in rats is an effective method to establish a seminal vesiculitis rat model.
Animals ; Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Genital Diseases, Male/pathology* ; Inflammation/pathology* ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Seminal Vesicles/pathology* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism*

Reproductive tract infection is one of the factors of male infertility, but the mechanisms responsible are hitherto poorly defined. Recent studies show that one of the microbial pattern-recognition receptors, Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway, plays a critical role in inflammation-induced male infertility. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria, could induce inflammatory response through TLRs. A large number of researches suggest that TLRs express widely in the male reproductive tract and LPS-induced inflammatory reaction through TLRs may affect male fertility. This article presents an overview on how LPS-induced inflammation through TLRs affects male fertility in terms of its influence on the testis, epididymis and sperm quality.
Genital Diseases, Male ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; metabolism ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; metabolism ; pathology ; Inflammation ; Lipopolysaccharides ; adverse effects ; Male ; Toll-Like Receptors ; metabolism

AIMTo investigate age-related inflammatory events in the male genital tract.

METHODSIn a total of 4265 randomly collected patients attending the andrological outpatient clinic of the Center for Dermatology and Andrology, University of Giessen, Germany, ejaculate volume, pH-value, sperm concentration, total and progressive sperm motility, concentration of polymorphonuclear (PMN) elastase, number of peroxidase-positive cells and fructose were measured and correlated with patient's age.

RESULTSWhile ejaculate volume, motility and fructose all correlated negatively with age, sperm concentration, PMN elastase and the pH-value showed a positive correlation. The prevalence of male genital tract inflammation (as defined by PMN elastase > 250 ng/mL) and its severity increased significantly. PMN elastase did not correlate with sperm motility. Fructose as a marker of seminal vesicle function showed a significant negative relationship with the PMN elastase levels, the number of peroxidase-positive cells and sperm motility.

CONCLUSIONThe significant increases of PMN-elastase levels as marker of male genital tract inflammation in older men appear to be indicative of age-related changes in local immunoregulatory mechanisms. Because there is no association of PMN elastase with sperm motility, a direct inhibitory effect of this enzyme can be excluded.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aging ; physiology ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Ejaculation ; Genital Diseases, Male ; enzymology ; pathology ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; enzymology ; pathology ; Inflammation ; enzymology ; pathology ; Leukocyte Elastase ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Semen ; cytology ; enzymology ; physiology ; Sperm Count

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnosis and treatment of ejaculatory duct cyst.

METHODSThis study included 2 male patients present at the hospital for hemospermia and abnormal sensation in the perineal region in July and August 2014. Both underwent transrectal ultrasonography, routine semen examination, CT, MRI, cystoscopy, and vesiculography before transurethral fenestration of the cysts and pathological examination of the cyst wall specimens. Analyses were made on the clinical presentations, imaging features, pathological characteristics, differential diagnosis and treatment of ejaculatory duct cyst and relevant literature was reviewed.

RESULTSThe cyst wall was mainly composed of smooth muscle, the inner wall lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelia, and with positive expressions of CD10 and Muc6 proteins on immunohistochemical staining, which indicated renal iatrogenic ejaculatory duct cyst. The patients were followed up for 18 and 20 months, respectively. All symptoms disappeared and no recurrence occurred after surgery. Routine semen examination for the two patients showed the semen volumes to be 3.5 and 3.1 ml, sperm concentrations 35 and 32 ×10⁶/ml, grade a sperm 32.0 and 26.0%, grade b sperm 18.0 and 31.0%, and semen liquidation time 30 and 34 minutes, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSPelvic cystic masses can be detected by transrectal ultrasonography, CT and MRI, but definite diagnosis relies on vesiculography, pathological examination and immunohistochemical staining. Transurethral fenestration is safe and effective for the treatment of ejaculation duct cyst.

Cysts ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Ejaculation ; Ejaculatory Ducts ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Genital Diseases, Male ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Hemospermia ; etiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Semen ; Semen Analysis ; Sperm Count ; Spermatozoa ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography

Adult ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Cerebellar Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Cystadenoma, Papillary ; pathology ; surgery ; Diseases in Twins ; pathology ; surgery ; Epididymis ; pathology ; surgery ; Genital Neoplasms, Male ; pathology ; surgery ; Hemangioblastoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease ; pathology ; surgery