The metabolism of various substances is interconnected in tumor microenvironment, and the interaction of metabolic signaling pathways forms a complex metabolic network, which together maintains the homeostasis of tumor microenvironment. Peripheral nerves, which consist of the nerve trunks, plexus, ganglia, and terminals formed by perikaryons and nerve fibers, play a key role in the progression of pancreatic cancer. At present, there are relatively few studies on the mechanism of metabolic communication between peripheral nerves and pancreatic cancer cells. This article reviews recent studies and summarizes the role of amino acids, neurotransmitters, and neurotrophic factors in the progression of pancreatic cancer from the perspectives of peripheral nerves and pancreatic cancer cells, and it is believed that discussion of the mechanism of metabolic communication between peripheral nerves and pancreatic cancer cells may help to discover new targets for pancreatic cancer treatment.